网络应用程序ASP中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx

网络应用程序ASP中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx

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网络应用程序ASP中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文资料外文翻译文献

MovingfromClassicASPtoASP.NET

ABSTRACT

ASP.NETisMicrosoftnewofferingforWebapplicationdevelopment,innovationwithinASP.NEThaveresultedinsignificantindustrypopularityforthisproduct.ConsequentlythereisanincreasedneedforASP.NETeducation.TheWebApplicationDevelopmentisathirdyearundergraduatecourse.Tomeetthedemandsofbothindustryandstudents,wehavechangedthefocusofthiscoursefromClassicASPtoASP.NET.Thispaperreportsthismove.ThesignificantfeaturesofASP.NETandthemotivationsforthismovearediscussed.Theprocess,theproblemsencountered,andsomehelpfulonlinelearningresourcesaredescribed.

Keywords

WebApplicationDevelopment,ClassicASP,ASP.NET,Move,VB.NET

1.INTRODUCTION

ASP.NETisnotjustanewversionofASP.ItprovidesinnovationformovingWindowsapplicationstoWebapplications.Webservicesandthe.NETframeworkhavemadethevisionoftheWebasthenextgenerationcomputingplatformareality.Withservercontrols,Webformsand“code-behind”,wecandevelopaWebapplicationbyusingacompleteobject-orientedprogramming（OOP）model.ThisincreasesthepopularityofASP.NETinindustry.TheindustryprojectisthefinalcourseoftheBachelorofComputingSystems（BCS）degreeatUNITEC,inwhichstudentsundertakeareal-worldproject.WehaveobservedarapidgrowthofASP.NETrelatedindustryprojectsinourschool.

TheWebApplicationDevelopment（WAD）paperisathirdyearundergraduatecourse.ItwasoriginallyofferedusingASP2.0andColdFusion.Tomeetthedemandsfrombothindustryandstudents,wehavechangedthecoursecontenttocoverASP.NET,VisualStudio.NET（VS.NET）andColdFusion.Thischangecommencedwiththefirstsemesterof2003.

ThispaperwillexaminethefeaturesofASP.NETandexplainwhytheseareunique.ThemotivationsformovingtoASP.NETarediscussedbyanalyzingthecurrentsituationofASP.NETrelatedtoindustryprojectsinourschool,analyzingtheresultsofshortsurveysonstudents,andanalyzingwhetherASP.NETisabettertoolforteaching.Problemsencounteredduringthemovearealsodiscussedandsomeofthelearningresourcesarepresented.ItisanticipatedthatthesewillbehelpfulforteacherswhointendtointroduceASP.NET.

2.WHATMAKESASP.NETSPECIAL?

TherearemanyarticlesontheInternetdiscussingtheadvantagesofASP.NEToverClassicActiveServerPages（ASP）,suchasthatASP.NETintroducesanintegrateddevelopmentenvironment（IDE）,asingledevelopmentlibraryforalltypesofapplications,compiledaswellasstronglytypedcode,andatrueOOapproachtoWebapplicationdevelopment（Goodyear,2002,Bloom,2002）.

Traditionally,wehavethreeversionsofASP（ASP1.0,ASP2.0andASP3.0）,whicharecalledClassicASP.Althougheachversionprovidescertainnewfeaturestoovercometheshortcomingsofitspredecessors,theseversionsofASPfollowthesameworkingmodelandsharemanylimitations.TheirsuccessorASP.NETsupportscompletenewworkingmodelwhilepreservingthetraditionalworkingmodelandprovidesinnovativetechniquestoovercomethelimitationsofClassicASP.

2.1.Architecture

ASP.NETenhancesandextendstheWindowsDNA（WindowsDistributedinterNetApplication）.ThewindowsDNAspecificationisamethodologyforbuildingn-tierapplicationsusingMicrosoft（DCOM/COM）technologies.Breakingapplicationsintofunctionalpiecesanddeployingtheseacrossanetworkisastrategytomakebetteruseoforganizationalresources.Thisneedsawell-plannedarchitecture.Inthepast,usuallyitwasthewindowsDNA.DCOMcommunicationnormallyhasproblemswithfirewallsandproxyservers.ThismeansWindowsDNAusuallyonlyworkswellwithinanintranet,notontheInternet.DCOM/COMalsoneedregistryentries.

ASP.NETmakestheprocessofcreatingandintegratingWebServiceseasier,whichcanbeusedinasimilarmannertotheWindowsDNA.HereDCOM/COMisnolongerinvolved.HTTP（aschannels）,SOAP（asformatters）andXMLareusedforcommunicationanddata-transferbetweendistributedcomponents.ThisovercomestheproblemofcommunicatingacrosstheInternetandacrosscorporatefirewallswithoutresortingtoproprietarysolutionsthatrequireadditionalcommunicationsportstobeopenedtoexternalaccess.Inaddition,URI（uniformresourceidentifier）andUDDI（UniversalDescriptionDiscoveryandIntegration）areusedforremotecomponentsreferencesinsteadofregistryentries.

2.2.Development

ASP.NETintegratesseamlesslywithVS.NETIDE.VS.NETincludesbuilt-insupportforcreatingandmodifyingcontent.ThisunifiestheASP/VBprogrammingmodelsforthedevelopers.InsteadofopeningmultipleIDEs（aswithClassicASPplatform）,developerscanopenasingleIDEanddoalltheirworkfromaclean,consistentinterface.VS.NETisequippedwithpowerfuldebuggingenvironment.ThismeansthatthepowerfuldebuggerforWindowsapplicationsisnowavailabletodebugWebapplicationsaswell.

ASP.NETenablesprogrammerstotakeadvantageoftheOOPmodel,forexample,codesharing.UnderOOPmodel,oneofthemostcommonwaystoachievecodesharingisinheritance,whichisnotavailableinClassicASP.SincecompleteOOfeaturesaresupportedinASP.NET,developerscantransfertheirOOdesignsmoothlyintoASP.NETcode,enablingasoftwarecompanytokeeptheirWindowsapplicationdevelopmentstyles,withwhichtheyarefamiliar,inWebapplicationdevelopment;andalsotheycanconverttheirWindowsapplicationsintoWebapplicationswithoutmajormodifications.

ASP.NET’simprovedstatemaintenancefeaturesenableustoprovideuserswithWebapplicationsthatarericherandfasterthanClassisASP（Olges,2002）.ASP.NETsupportsadvancedsessionstatemanagement.TherearetwomajorproblemswithsessionmanagementinClassicASP:

sessionobjectsarestoredintheWebservermemoryandsessionIDsarestoredontheclientcomputersascookies.Thesepreventsessionmanagementfrombeingefficientlyimplemented.ASP.NETsolvestheseproblemsintwoways:

itprovidesa“cookieless”optionforsessionobjectssothatasessionIDcanbepassedviaURL;itprovidesthreedifferentsessionmodes（inprocess,stateserver,andSQLServer）,sothatasessionobjectcaneitherbestoredontheWebserver,aremoteserveroradatabase.

3.THEMOTIVATIONSFORMOVING

3.1.Theindustrymotivation

I’vecheckedalmostalltheindustryprojectsinourschoolforthreesemestersonwhethertheyareWADrelated,ifyes,thenwhattoolstheyhaveused.Table1showsabriefsummaryoftheresults.

Forthesethreesemesters,thetotalASP/ASP.NETprojectsareincreasing,butslowly.HowevertheClassicASPprojectsaredroppingquicklyandtheASP.NETprojectsareincreasingrapidly（inthespeedofmorethan12%persemester）.Thisgivesusanideathat

ASP.NETispreferredoverClassicASPinindustryespeciallygiventhatASP.NETisonlyofficiallyfirstreleasedin2002.Ourstudent’sfeedbacksfromtheirindustrycommunicationconfirmthisview.AhugenumberofarticlesontheInternetalsosupportthisview.ThisencouragesustodropClassicASPandmovetoASP.NETinourWADcourse.Highereducationhasoveryearsrecognizedthatitisaserviceindustryandhastorevaluatetheirapproachintheindustrybyplacinggreateremphasisonmeetingtheexpectationsandneedsoftheirstakeholders（Nair,2002）.

3.2.Thestudentmotivation

ThestudentsdemandASP.NET.WhenstudentsenrollinourWADcourse,mostofthemareaimingtobecomeaprofessionalsoftwaredeveloper.Asamatteroffact,someofthemalreadyaresoftwaredevelopers,ortheyweresoftwaredevelopersandareseekingtoreturntotheworkplace.Techniqueshighlydemandedinworkplaceareofgreatinteresttothem.

Ashortsurveyhasbeengiventopaststudentsandcurrentstudentsrespectively.Forthepaststudents,amongthe11responses,100%studentsstillwanttolearnASP.NET;andiftheyaregivenchoice,82%studentsprefertolearnASP.NETratherthanClassicASP,18%studentsliketolearnboth.Theseanswersarealsosupportedbycomments,suchas“Iwouldprefertoknowthetechnologythattheindustryrequiresmetoworkwith”,“IwouldliketoworkinfutureasaWADprofessionalandIthinkASP.NETwouldbeusefulinthisfield.”Forthecurrentstudents,amongthe16responses,75%studentsprefertolearnASP.NETratherthanClassicASP.However,25%studentsanswerednoidea.ThiscouldbeduetothattheylackofknowledgeofClassicASP.Thissurveyisdoneafter6weeksofteaching.

3.3.Thepedagogicalmotivation

Pedagogicallyspeaking,agoodtoolforindustryisnotnecessarilyagoodtoolforteaching.IsASP.NETabettertoolforteachingthanClassicASP?

ASP.NETprovidesmuchricherlanguagefeaturesthanClassicASP.Weoftenhaveoptionstoperformcertaintasks.AkeybenefitofASP.NETisthatthereexistsamoregradualtransitioninprogrammingmodelsfromsimpletopowerful,orfromeasytodifficult.AlthoughASP.NETsupportsOOPmodel,youdon’thavetoprogrambyusingthatmodel.AWebformwithout“code-behind”willworkperfectly.AnASP.NETwebpageincompleteClassicASPmodelwillstillwork.AlthoughASP.NETisintegratedwithVS.NET,wearenotlimitedtouseVS.NET.AnotepadandaFTPclientwithapre-createdWebapplicationdirectoryalsoallowustodevelopareasonablylargeASP.NETapplication.WithASP.NET,wecaneitherdevelopalargedistributedapplicationwithnumbersofWebservicesandconsumers,ordevelopasinglesimpleWebapplication.Therefore,ASP.NETprovidessufficientroomforustoorganizecoursematerialsatasuitablelevelforthestudents.Thechallengeforalecturerishowtosettleinattherightbalanceofpowerv