英语国家国情与文化考前串讲与复习大纲.docx

英语国家国情与文化考前串讲与复习大纲.docx

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英语国家国情与文化考前串讲与复习大纲

英语国家国情与文化考前串讲与复习大纲

I.国情I考试题型与样题讲解

II.国情I复习重点

III.国情II考试题型与样题讲解

IV.国情II复习重点

I.国情I考试题型与样题讲解

SectionIDiscourseManipulation[20points]

Part1.Question1.（10points）

Intheboxbelow,fivesentencesofoneparagraphhavebeenputintorandomorder.Reorganizethesesentencestoformalogicallyorderedparagraph.WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

A.Theirbrotherwasafailedpainterandalcoholic,andtwoothersistersdiedinchildhood.

B.Assuch,theywerepoor,buteducatedandrespectable.

C.PerhapsthemostfamousliteraryfamilyinBritishhistoryaretheBrontësisters,Charlotte,Emily,andAnn.

D.Allfourremainingchildrenweretragicallytodiebeforetheirfather.

E.TheywerethedaughtersofthevicarofavillagechurchinHaworthinYorkshire.

Order

1st

2nd

3rd

4th

5th

Answers

C

E

B

A

D

Part2.Question2.（10points）

Thefollowingfiveparagraphshavebeenputintorandomorder.Pleaseputthemintotheirlogicalorder.WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.

A.Theoriginsofmostsportscaneasilybetracedtothedemandsofwarfare.Thisisseenmostclearlyinsportsthatinvolvefightingorthrowingthings,orteamsattackingeachothers’territories.Italsoexplainswhysportshavetraditionallybeenmasculineaffairs.Andeventhoughsporthasbecomemuchmoregender-equalintermsoffacilities,itisstillrarefortheretobeofficialcompetitionbetweenthesexes.

B.ThemostpopularpastimeinBritainisthesameasanywhereelse:

watchingtelevision.Thenextmostpopularisprobablygoingtothepub.However,thisdoesnotmeanthattheBritishareanationoflazydrunkards.Perhapstomakeupforthoseunhealthyhabits,two-thirdsofalladultsplaysomekindofsport.

C.Athirdmajorinfluenceontheshapeofmodernsportshasbeenpressurefromindustry.Factoriesrequiretheirworkerstobeavailableatsettimesforwork.Theycannotworkefficientlyifhalfthework-forcedecidestogohuntingforacoupleofdays.Andso,inthe19thcenturyinBritain,sportswerecodifiedinordertomakethemmoreregularandtime-efficientsothattheworkerscouldgetbacktoworkontime.

D.BritainwasattheforefrontofthiscodificationbecauseoftheIndustrialRevolution.

ThisimportantprocessfirststartedinBritain,anditisforthatreasonthatBritainwasthefirstcountrytoorganizesportsalongindustriallines.WecanconcludethatBritaindidnotinventthesportsthattherestoftheworldnowplays,butshewasthefirsttoorganizethemproperly,andthisisthelegacyshehasbequeathedtotheworld.

E.Anotherinfluenceonsporthasbeentheseasonalrequirementsofagriculture.

Agrariancommunitiestypicallyplaysportswhenthefarmingseasonisleastbusy.Afterharvestissuchatime,forexample,andinBritainitiseasytodividesportsintoSummerandWintersports.

Order

1st

2nd

3rd

4th

5th

Answers

Letter

Letter

Letter

Letter

Letter

B

A

E

C

D

SectionIIAwarenessofCourseContent[40points]

Part1.Questions3–12.（20points）

Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalseaccordingtoyourunderstandingofthetutorialtexts.WriteTfor“true”andFfor“false”ontheAnswerSheet.

_____3.Theothermother-tonguelanguagesinBritainarealldialectsofEnglish.

_____4.Waleshasreplaceditstraditionalindustrieswiththehelpofforeigninvestment.

_____5.TheProtestantswereinIrelandbeforetheCatholics.

_____6.Thetripartitesystemreferstothethreetypesofsecondaryeducationmadeavailablebythe1944EducationAct.

_____7.Chinahas50%morestudentsinhighereducationthantheUK.

_____8.ElizabethIwastheQueenofBritainbutElizabethIIistheQueenofEngland.

_____9.BritainhasneverdoneparticularlywellintheOlympicGames.

_____10.TheonlymountainsinBritainareinWalesandScotland.

_____11.Englandhasmorethanfour-fifthsofthetotalpopulation.

_____12.TheamusingthingaboutArthuristhathewasn’tEnglish.

3.F

4.T

5.F

6.T

7.T

8.F

9.F

10.F

11.T

12.T

Part2.Questions13–22.（20points）

Fillineachblankinthefollowingpassagewithonewordgiveninthebox.Usecapitalswherenecessary.WritecorrespondinglettersontheAnswerSheet.

A.restaurants

B.Indian

C.followed

D.multicultural

E.probably

F.education

G.cuisine

H.immigrants

I.family

J.incorrect

Thepost-war__________（13）toBritainwerelookingforopportunitiesforworkand__________（14）.Manyofthemcamefromthe__________（15）sub-continent.Pakistanisoftenboughtlittlecorner-shopsas__________（16）businesses,whichexplains‘paki-shop’asanewtermfor‘corner-shop’,althoughthisisapolitically__________（17）term.

__________（18）wereopenedupbyChineseandIndianimmigrants.Theywere__________（19）bymanyothernationalities,sothattodayBritaincan__________（20）boastthemostvaried__________（21）intheworld.ThenormalchoiceforpeopleeatingoutinBritainis“IndianorChinese?

”

ManyIndianssettledintheMidlands,andthecharactersofsometownsandcitieshavechangednoticeably.WecansaythatBritainhasbecomemuchmore__________（22）.

13.H

14.F

15.B

16.I

17.J

18.A

19.C

20.E

21.G

22.D

SectionIIIReadingTest[40points]

Part1.Questions23–27arebasedonPassage1.（15points）

Passage1

BritishMedia

Weknowthatfromthetimetheywakeuptothetimetheygotobed,theaverageBritishmanandwomanwillhavespentatleast6hoursindirectcontactwiththemainmedia.BythisImeanradio,television,andoneorotherofthenewspapers.Aswellasthese,therewillhavebeenbillboardadvertisements,salespromotionsinshops,andpossiblyafilmoraplayinthetheatre.Themediasurroundusinoureverydaylives,andthereisalmostnoescapingthem.Theyaresoimportantthatyoucannowevenstudythematuniversity.

InBritainthemostimportantofthem–television–islargelysharedbetweentheBBCandITV.Theformerisapubliccorporation,whilethelatterisacollectionofcommercialinstitutions.Bothprovideminorityinterestchannels（BBC2andChannel4）aswellasthemorepopularmainstreamchannels（BBC1andITV）.ThemoneythatsupportsthesetwoTVsystemsisderivedfromalicensefeeinthecaseoftheBBC,andadvertisingrevenueforITV.RadioissimilarlydividedbetweentheBBCandcommercialradiocompanies.

Thisdifferenceinrevenuesourcebringswithitanobviousdifferenceinstyleandformat.TheBBCdoesnothavetohaveadvertisements,andcanthereforeprovideradioandTVprogrammesthatareuninterruptedbycommercialbreaks.Thecommercialcompanies,ontheotherhand,areobligedtohaveregularbreaksforadvertisementsor‘commercials’astheyareoftencalled.ThisallowstheBBCtolookmoreserious,thoughsomepeoplecomplainthatwithoutacommercialbreakthereisnevertimetogoandputthekettleonforacupoftea.

MostpeoplegettheirpoliticalinformationfromthenewspapersornewsreportsonradioandTV.Becauseofthis,thepoliticalpartiesspendmillionsofpoundsonthemediaduringelections.Theyalsoemploy‘spindoctors’topromotetheirpoliciesthroughthemedia.Asaresult,muchpoliticaldebatenowtakesplaceinthemediaratherthaninParliament.ThisleadstothecriticismthatthemediaaretakingtheplaceofParliament.

ThiscriticismwasvoicedallthemorewhentheHouseofCommonsbegantobetelevisedfrom1990.AtfirstMPswereworriedaboutit,thinkingthattelevisionmightmakethemlookfoolish,buttheyaremorerelaxedaboutitnow.ManyMPstrytoimprovetheirTVimage,includingMargaretThatcherandthepresentPrimeMinister,TonyBlair.OnepoliticianwhosufferedbecausehecouldnotdothiswasNeilKinnock.Hewasunableto‘lookgoodontelevision’,andpossiblyevenlostanelectionbecauseofit.

Questions23–27:

ChoosethebestendingfromA,B,CandDforeachstatementthatfollows.WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

23.Onaverage,peopleareincontactwiththemainmediaforatleast__________.

A.aquarteroftheirlives

B.asixthofeachday

C.halftheirwakinghours

D.mostoftheyear

24.IndependentTelevisionisa__________.

A.corporationsetuptoservethepublic

B.numberofdifferentbusinesscompanies

C.popularmiddle-of-the-roadprogramme

D.commerciallicensingagency

25.DifferencesbetweentheBBCandITVresultfromtheirdifferent__________.

A.styleofprogrammes

B.incomesystems

C.companystructure

D.advertisingstyles

26.Althoughmanypeoplethinkitisanadvantage,somepeoplecriticizethe________.

A.uninterruptedprogrammesoftheBBC

B.seriouslookoftheBBC

C.interruptionscausedbyITVcommercials

D.differentstyleoftheITVprogrammes

27.Politicalpartiesinvestalotofmoneyinmediapromotionbecause__________.

A.theyhavespindoctorswhocaninfluencethemedia

B.theycandebatetheirpoliciesontheradioandTV

C.mediareportsprovidemostpeople’spoliticalinformation

D.radioandtelevisioncantaketheplaceofParliament

23.A

24.B

25.B

26.A

27.A

Part2.Questions28–32arebasedonPassage2.（15points）

Passage2

LiteratureandHistory

Literacyandliterature

Literacyisnot,ofcourse,apre-requisiteofliterature.Theword‘literature’initsbroadestsenseprobablypre-datestheinventionofwritingbythousandsofyears.TherearetribesinthejunglesofSouthAmericatodaywhohavenowrittenformoftheirlanguage–andyettheyhavea‘literature’,collectionsofsongs,poems,stories,jokes,sayings,thatrecordandpassontoyoungergenerationstheknowledgeandwisdomo