英语国家国情与文化考前串讲与复习大纲.docx
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英语国家国情与文化考前串讲与复习大纲
英语国家国情与文化考前串讲与复习大纲
I.国情I考试题型与样题讲解
II.国情I复习重点
III.国情II考试题型与样题讲解
IV.国情II复习重点
I.国情I考试题型与样题讲解
SectionIDiscourseManipulation[20points]
Part1.Question1.(10points)
Intheboxbelow,fivesentencesofoneparagraphhavebeenputintorandomorder.Reorganizethesesentencestoformalogicallyorderedparagraph.WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.
A.Theirbrotherwasafailedpainterandalcoholic,andtwoothersistersdiedinchildhood.
B.Assuch,theywerepoor,buteducatedandrespectable.
C.PerhapsthemostfamousliteraryfamilyinBritishhistoryaretheBrontësisters,Charlotte,Emily,andAnn.
D.Allfourremainingchildrenweretragicallytodiebeforetheirfather.
E.TheywerethedaughtersofthevicarofavillagechurchinHaworthinYorkshire.
Order
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
Answers
C
E
B
A
D
Part2.Question2.(10points)
Thefollowingfiveparagraphshavebeenputintorandomorder.Pleaseputthemintotheirlogicalorder.WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.
A.Theoriginsofmostsportscaneasilybetracedtothedemandsofwarfare.Thisisseenmostclearlyinsportsthatinvolvefightingorthrowingthings,orteamsattackingeachothers’territories.Italsoexplainswhysportshavetraditionallybeenmasculineaffairs.Andeventhoughsporthasbecomemuchmoregender-equalintermsoffacilities,itisstillrarefortheretobeofficialcompetitionbetweenthesexes.
B.ThemostpopularpastimeinBritainisthesameasanywhereelse:
watchingtelevision.Thenextmostpopularisprobablygoingtothepub.However,thisdoesnotmeanthattheBritishareanationoflazydrunkards.Perhapstomakeupforthoseunhealthyhabits,two-thirdsofalladultsplaysomekindofsport.
C.Athirdmajorinfluenceontheshapeofmodernsportshasbeenpressurefromindustry.Factoriesrequiretheirworkerstobeavailableatsettimesforwork.Theycannotworkefficientlyifhalfthework-forcedecidestogohuntingforacoupleofdays.Andso,inthe19thcenturyinBritain,sportswerecodifiedinordertomakethemmoreregularandtime-efficientsothattheworkerscouldgetbacktoworkontime.
D.BritainwasattheforefrontofthiscodificationbecauseoftheIndustrialRevolution.
ThisimportantprocessfirststartedinBritain,anditisforthatreasonthatBritainwasthefirstcountrytoorganizesportsalongindustriallines.WecanconcludethatBritaindidnotinventthesportsthattherestoftheworldnowplays,butshewasthefirsttoorganizethemproperly,andthisisthelegacyshehasbequeathedtotheworld.
E.Anotherinfluenceonsporthasbeentheseasonalrequirementsofagriculture.
Agrariancommunitiestypicallyplaysportswhenthefarmingseasonisleastbusy.Afterharvestissuchatime,forexample,andinBritainitiseasytodividesportsintoSummerandWintersports.
Order
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
Answers
Letter
Letter
Letter
Letter
Letter
B
A
E
C
D
SectionIIAwarenessofCourseContent[40points]
Part1.Questions3–12.(20points)
Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalseaccordingtoyourunderstandingofthetutorialtexts.WriteTfor“true”andFfor“false”ontheAnswerSheet.
_____3.Theothermother-tonguelanguagesinBritainarealldialectsofEnglish.
_____4.Waleshasreplaceditstraditionalindustrieswiththehelpofforeigninvestment.
_____5.TheProtestantswereinIrelandbeforetheCatholics.
_____6.Thetripartitesystemreferstothethreetypesofsecondaryeducationmadeavailablebythe1944EducationAct.
_____7.Chinahas50%morestudentsinhighereducationthantheUK.
_____8.ElizabethIwastheQueenofBritainbutElizabethIIistheQueenofEngland.
_____9.BritainhasneverdoneparticularlywellintheOlympicGames.
_____10.TheonlymountainsinBritainareinWalesandScotland.
_____11.Englandhasmorethanfour-fifthsofthetotalpopulation.
_____12.TheamusingthingaboutArthuristhathewasn’tEnglish.
3.F
4.T
5.F
6.T
7.T
8.F
9.F
10.F
11.T
12.T
Part2.Questions13–22.(20points)
Fillineachblankinthefollowingpassagewithonewordgiveninthebox.Usecapitalswherenecessary.WritecorrespondinglettersontheAnswerSheet.
A.restaurants
B.Indian
C.followed
D.multicultural
E.probably
F.education
G.cuisine
H.immigrants
I.family
J.incorrect
Thepost-war__________(13)toBritainwerelookingforopportunitiesforworkand__________(14).Manyofthemcamefromthe__________(15)sub-continent.Pakistanisoftenboughtlittlecorner-shopsas__________(16)businesses,whichexplains‘paki-shop’asanewtermfor‘corner-shop’,althoughthisisapolitically__________(17)term.
__________(18)wereopenedupbyChineseandIndianimmigrants.Theywere__________(19)bymanyothernationalities,sothattodayBritaincan__________(20)boastthemostvaried__________(21)intheworld.ThenormalchoiceforpeopleeatingoutinBritainis“IndianorChinese?
”
ManyIndianssettledintheMidlands,andthecharactersofsometownsandcitieshavechangednoticeably.WecansaythatBritainhasbecomemuchmore__________(22).
13.H
14.F
15.B
16.I
17.J
18.A
19.C
20.E
21.G
22.D
SectionIIIReadingTest[40points]
Part1.Questions23–27arebasedonPassage1.(15points)
Passage1
BritishMedia
Weknowthatfromthetimetheywakeuptothetimetheygotobed,theaverageBritishmanandwomanwillhavespentatleast6hoursindirectcontactwiththemainmedia.BythisImeanradio,television,andoneorotherofthenewspapers.Aswellasthese,therewillhavebeenbillboardadvertisements,salespromotionsinshops,andpossiblyafilmoraplayinthetheatre.Themediasurroundusinoureverydaylives,andthereisalmostnoescapingthem.Theyaresoimportantthatyoucannowevenstudythematuniversity.
InBritainthemostimportantofthem–television–islargelysharedbetweentheBBCandITV.Theformerisapubliccorporation,whilethelatterisacollectionofcommercialinstitutions.Bothprovideminorityinterestchannels(BBC2andChannel4)aswellasthemorepopularmainstreamchannels(BBC1andITV).ThemoneythatsupportsthesetwoTVsystemsisderivedfromalicensefeeinthecaseoftheBBC,andadvertisingrevenueforITV.RadioissimilarlydividedbetweentheBBCandcommercialradiocompanies.
Thisdifferenceinrevenuesourcebringswithitanobviousdifferenceinstyleandformat.TheBBCdoesnothavetohaveadvertisements,andcanthereforeprovideradioandTVprogrammesthatareuninterruptedbycommercialbreaks.Thecommercialcompanies,ontheotherhand,areobligedtohaveregularbreaksforadvertisementsor‘commercials’astheyareoftencalled.ThisallowstheBBCtolookmoreserious,thoughsomepeoplecomplainthatwithoutacommercialbreakthereisnevertimetogoandputthekettleonforacupoftea.
MostpeoplegettheirpoliticalinformationfromthenewspapersornewsreportsonradioandTV.Becauseofthis,thepoliticalpartiesspendmillionsofpoundsonthemediaduringelections.Theyalsoemploy‘spindoctors’topromotetheirpoliciesthroughthemedia.Asaresult,muchpoliticaldebatenowtakesplaceinthemediaratherthaninParliament.ThisleadstothecriticismthatthemediaaretakingtheplaceofParliament.
ThiscriticismwasvoicedallthemorewhentheHouseofCommonsbegantobetelevisedfrom1990.AtfirstMPswereworriedaboutit,thinkingthattelevisionmightmakethemlookfoolish,buttheyaremorerelaxedaboutitnow.ManyMPstrytoimprovetheirTVimage,includingMargaretThatcherandthepresentPrimeMinister,TonyBlair.OnepoliticianwhosufferedbecausehecouldnotdothiswasNeilKinnock.Hewasunableto‘lookgoodontelevision’,andpossiblyevenlostanelectionbecauseofit.
Questions23–27:
ChoosethebestendingfromA,B,CandDforeachstatementthatfollows.WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.
23.Onaverage,peopleareincontactwiththemainmediaforatleast__________.
A.aquarteroftheirlives
B.asixthofeachday
C.halftheirwakinghours
D.mostoftheyear
24.IndependentTelevisionisa__________.
A.corporationsetuptoservethepublic
B.numberofdifferentbusinesscompanies
C.popularmiddle-of-the-roadprogramme
D.commerciallicensingagency
25.DifferencesbetweentheBBCandITVresultfromtheirdifferent__________.
A.styleofprogrammes
B.incomesystems
C.companystructure
D.advertisingstyles
26.Althoughmanypeoplethinkitisanadvantage,somepeoplecriticizethe________.
A.uninterruptedprogrammesoftheBBC
B.seriouslookoftheBBC
C.interruptionscausedbyITVcommercials
D.differentstyleoftheITVprogrammes
27.Politicalpartiesinvestalotofmoneyinmediapromotionbecause__________.
A.theyhavespindoctorswhocaninfluencethemedia
B.theycandebatetheirpoliciesontheradioandTV
C.mediareportsprovidemostpeople’spoliticalinformation
D.radioandtelevisioncantaketheplaceofParliament
23.A
24.B
25.B
26.A
27.A
Part2.Questions28–32arebasedonPassage2.(15points)
Passage2
LiteratureandHistory
Literacyandliterature
Literacyisnot,ofcourse,apre-requisiteofliterature.Theword‘literature’initsbroadestsenseprobablypre-datestheinventionofwritingbythousandsofyears.TherearetribesinthejunglesofSouthAmericatodaywhohavenowrittenformoftheirlanguage–andyettheyhavea‘literature’,collectionsofsongs,poems,stories,jokes,sayings,thatrecordandpassontoyoungergenerationstheknowledgeandwisdomo