文学术语.docx

文学术语.docx

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文学术语

文学术语汇编（考研用）1

1.Literatureoftheabsurd:

（荒诞派文学）Thetermisappliedtoanumberofworksindramaandprosefictionwhichhaveincommonthesensethatthehumanconditionisessentiallyabsurd,andthatthisconditioncanbeadequatelyrepresentedonlyinworksofliteraturethatarethemselvesabsurd.ThecurrentmovementemergedinFranceaftertheSecondWorldWar,asarebellionagainstessentialbeliefsandvaluesoftraditionalcultureandtraditionalliterature.Theyholdthebeliefthatahumanbeingisanisolatedexistentwhoiscastintoanalienuniverseandthehumanlifeinitsfruitlesssearchforpurposeandmeaningisbothanguishandabsurd.

2.Theateroftheabsurd:

（荒诞派戏剧）belongstoliteratureoftheabsurd.TworepresentativesofthisschoolareEugeneIonesco,FrenchauthorofTheBaldSoprano（1949）（此作品中文译名<秃头歌女>）,andSamuelBeckett,IrishauthorofWaitingforGodot（1954）（此作品是荒诞派戏剧代表作<等待戈多>）.Theyprojecttheirrationalism,helplessnessandabsurdityoflifeindramaticformsthatrejectrealisticsettings,logicalreasoning,oracoherentlyevolvingplot.

3.Blackcomedyorblackhumor:

（黑色幽默）itmostlyemployedtodescribebaleful,naïve,orineptcharactersinafantasticornightmarishmodernworldplayingouttheirrolesinwhatIonescocalleda“tragicfarce”,inwhichtheeventsareoftensimultaneouslycomic,horrifying,andabsurd.JosephHeller’sCatch-22（美国著名作家约瑟夫海勒<二十二条军规>）canbetakenasanexampleoftheemploymentofthistechnique.

文学术语汇编2

4.AestheticismortheAestheticMovement（唯美主义）:

itbegantoprevailinEuropeatthemiddleofthe19thcentury.Thetheoryof“artforart’ssake”wasfirstputforwardbysomeFrenchartists.Theydeclaredthatartshouldservenoreligious,moralorsocialpurpose.ThetwomostimportantrepresentativesofaestheticistsinEnglishliteratureareWaltPaterandOscarWilde.

5.Allegory（寓言）:

ataleinverseorproseinwhichcharacters,actions,orsettingsrepresentabstractideasormoralqualities,suchasJohnBunyansThePilgrim’sProgress.Anallegoryisastorywithtwomeanings,aliteralmeaningandasymbolicmeaning.

6.Fable（寓言）:

isashortnarrative,inproseorverse,thatexemplifiesanabstractmoralthesisorprincipleofhumanbehavior.Mostcommonisthebeastfable,inwhichanimalstalkandactlikethehumantypestheyrepresent.ThefablesinWesternculturesderivemainlyfromthestoriesattributedtoAesop,aGreekslaveofthesixthcenturyB.C.

7.Parable（寓言）:

isaveryshortnarrativeabouthumanbeingspresentedsoastostressanalogywithagenerallessonthatthenarratoristryingtobringhometohisaudience.Forexample,theBiblecontainslotsofparablesemployedbyJesusChristtomakehisflockunderstandhispreach.

（注意以上三个词在汉语中都翻译成语言，但是内涵并不相同，不要搞混）

8.Alliteration（头韵）:

therepetitionoftheinitialconsonantsounds.InOldEnglishalliterativemeter,alliterationistheprincipalorganizingdeviceoftheverseline,suchasinBeowulf.

9.Consonanceistherepetitionofasequenceoftwoormoreconsonantsbutwithachangeintheinterveningvowel,suchas“liveandlove”.

10.Assonanceistherepetitionofidenticalorsimilarvowel,especiallyinstressedsyllables,inasequenceofnearbywords,suchas“childofsilence”.

11.Allusion（典故）isareferencewithoutexplicitidentification,toaliteraryorhistoricalperson,place,orevent,ortoanotherliteraryworkorpassage.Mostliteraryallusionsareintendedtoberecognizedbythegenerallyeducatedreadersoftheauthor’stime,butsomeareaimedataspecialgroup.

12.Ambiguity（复义性）:

SinceWilliamEmpson（燕卜荪）publishedSevenTypesofAmbiguity（《复义七型》）,thetermhasbeenwidelyusedincriticismtoidentifyadeliberatepoeticdevice:

theuseofasinglewordorexpressiontosignifytwoormoredistinctreferences,ortoexpresstwoormorediverseattitudesorfeeling.

文学术语汇编3

13.Antihero（反英雄）：

thechiefcharacterinamodernnovelorplaywhosecharacteristotallydifferentfromthetraditionalheroes.Insteadofmanifestinglargeness,dignity,power,orheroism,theantiheroispetty,passive,ineffectualordishonest.Forexample,theheroineofDefoe’sMollFlandersisathiefandaprostitute.

14.Antithesis（对照）：

（afigureofspeech）Anantithesisisoftenexpressedinabalancedsentence,thatis,asentenceinwhichidenticalorsimilarsyntacticstructureisusedtoexpresscontrastingideas.Forexample,“Marriagehasmanypains,butcelibacy（独身生活）hasnopleasures.”bySamuelJohnsonobviouslyemploysantithesis.

15.Archaism（拟古）：

Theliteraryuseofwordsandexpressionsthathavebecomeobsoleteinthecommonspeechofanera.Forexample,thetranslatorsoftheKingJamesVersionofBiblegaveweightanddignitytotheirprosebyemployingarchaism.

16.Atmosphere（氛围）:

Theprevailingmoodorfeelingofaliterarywork.Atmosphereisoftendeveloped,atleastinpart,throughdescriptionsofsetting.Suchdescriptionshelptocreateanemotionalclimatetoestablishthereader’sexpectationsandattitudes.

文学术语汇编4

17.Ballad（民谣）：

Itisasong,transmittedorally,whichtellsastory.Itoriginatedandwascommunicatedorallyamongilliterateoronlypartlyliteratepeople.Itexistsinmanyvariantforms.Themostcommonstanzaform,calledballadstanzaisaquatraininalternatefour-andthree-stresslines;usuallyonlythesecondandfourthlinesrhyme.AlthoughmanytraditionalballadsprobablyoriginatedinthelateMiddleAge,theywerenotcollectedandprinteduntiltheeighteenthcentury.

18.Climax：

asarhetoricaldeviceitmeansanascendingsequenceofimportance.Asaliteraryterm,itcanalsorefertothepointofgreatestintensity,interest,orsuspenseinastory’sturningpoint.Theactionleadingtotheclimaxandthesimultaneousincreaseoftensionintheplotareknownastherisingaction.Allactionaftertheclimaxisreferredtoasthefallingaction,orresolution.Thetermcrisisissometimesusedinterchangeablywithclimax.

19.Anticlimax（突降）：

itdenotesawriter’sdeliberatedropfromtheseriousandelevatedtothetrivialandlowly,inordertoachieveacomicorsatiriceffect.ItisarhetoricaldeviceinEnglish.

20.BeatGeneration（垮掉一代）：

itreferstoaloose-knitgroupofpoetsandnovelists,writinginthesecondhalfofthe1950sandearly1960s,whosharedasetofsocialattitudes–antiestablishment,antipolitical,anti-intellectual,opposedtotheprevailingcultural,literary,andmoralvalues,andinfavorofunfetteredself-realizationandself-expression.RepresentativesofthegroupincludeAllenGinsberg,JackKerouacandWilliamBurroughs.AndmostfamousliterarycreationsproducedbythisgroupshouldbeAllenGinsberg’slongpoemHowlandJackKerouac’sOntheRoad.

文学术语汇编5

21.Biography（传记）：

adetailedaccountofaperson’slifewrittenbyanotherperson,suchasSamuelJohnson’sLivesoftheEnglishPoetsandJamesBoswell’sLifeofSamuelJohnson.

22.Autobiography（自传）：

aperson’saccountofhisorherownlife,suchasBenjaminFranklin’sautobiography.

24.Aparody（模仿）imitatestheseriousmannerandcharacteristicfeaturesofaparticularliterarywork,orthedistinctivestyleofaparticularauthor,orthetypicalstylisticandotherfeaturesofaseriousliterarygenre,anddeflatestheoriginalbyapplyingtheimitationtoalowlyorcomicallyinappropriatesubject.

第23个应该是blankverse但系统总说含有不允许的关键字，所以一直发不上来，很郁闷，我把目前编好的一起发到公开邮箱去，大家到那里下载。

文学术语汇编6

25.CelticRevivalalsoknownastheIrishLiteraryRenaissance（爱尔兰文艺复兴）identifiestheremarkablycreativeperiodinIrishliteraturefromabout1880tothedeathofWilliamButlerYeatsin1939.TheaimofYeatsandotherearlyleadersofthemovementwastocreateadistinctivelynationalliteraturebygoingbacktoIrishhistory,legend,andfolklore,aswellastonativeliterarymodels.ThemajorwritersofthismovementincludeWilliamButlerYeats,LadyGregory,JohnMillingtonSyngeandSeanO’Caseyandsoon.

26.Characters（人物）arethepersonsrepresentedinadramaticornarrativework,whoareinterpretedbythereaderasbeingendowedwithparticularmoral,intellectual,andemotionalqualitiesbyinferencesfromthedialogues,actionsandmotivations.E.M.Forsterdividescharactersintotwotypes:

flatcharacter,whichispresentedwithoutmuchindividualizingdetail;androundcharacter,whichiscomplexintemperamentandmotivationandisrepresentedwithsubtleparticularity.

27.ChivalricRomance（ormedievalromance）（骑士传奇或中世纪传奇）isatypeofnarrativethatdevelopedintwelfth-centuryFrance,spreadtotheliteraturesofothercountries.Itsstandardplotisthatofaquestundertakenbyasingleknightinordertogainalady’sfavor;frequentlyitscentralinterestiscourtlylove,togetherwithtournamentsfoughtanddragonsandmonstersslain.Itstressesthechivalricidealsofcourage,loyalty,honor,mercifulnesstoanopponent,andelaboratemanners.

28.Comedy:

（喜剧）ingeneral,aliteraryworkthatendshappilywithahealthy,amicablearmisticebetweentheprotagonistandsociety.

29.Farce（闹剧）isatypeofcomedydesignedtoprovoketheaudiencetosimpleandheartylaughter.Todosoitcommonlyemployshighlyexaggeratedtypesofcharactersandputsthemintoimprobableandludicroussituations.

30.Confessionalpoetry（自白派诗歌）designatesatypeofnarrativeandlyricverse,givenimpetusbyRobertLowell’sLifeStudies,whichdealswiththefactsandintimatementalandphysicalexperiencesofthepoet’sownlife.ConfessionalpoetrywaswritteninrebellionagainstthedemandforimpersonalitybyT.S.ElliotandtheNewCriticism.TherepresentativewritersofconfessionalschoolincludeRobertLowell,AnneSextonandSylviaPlathandsoon.

31.CriticalRealism:

（批判现实主义）Thecriticalrealismofthe19thcenturyflourishe