Haiti Earthquake of.docx

Haiti Earthquake of.docx

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HaitiEarthquakeof

Haiti['heɪtɪ]Earthquakeof2010

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TheLatestonHaitiEarthquakeof2010

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∙July19,201010:

10AMETU.S.CitizenshipandImmigrationServices（USCIS）DirectorAlejandroMayorkasannouncedMondaythatthedeadlineforHaitianstoapplyforTemporaryProtectedStatus（TPS）willbeextendedbysixmonthstoJanuary18,2011.TheAdministrationfirstgrantedTPStoHaitiansshortlyaftertheJanuary12earthquake.Successfulapplicantsareprotectedfromdeportationfor18monthsandmayapplyforworkauthorization.TheextensionwillenablemanyTPS-eligibleHaitianswhohavenotyetbeenabletodosotoapply,thoughtheystillmustovercomea$470applicationfee,acommunityfearofbeing``trapped''byfederalauthoritiesandacomplicatedapplicationprocess.—InstituteforJustice&DemocracyinHaiti

∙July11,2010Sixmonthsaftertheearthquake,acamponthemedianstripofaroadinthePort-au-Princeareablendsintothepost-disasterlandscape.Only28,000ofthe1.5millionHaitiansdisplacedbytheearthquakehavemovedintonewhomes,andthePort-au-Princearearemainsatableauoflifeintheruins.—NYT

∙July9,2010ManypeoplehavefledHaitisincetheJanuaryearthquake,andearlyrumblingsofalargermigrationcanbeheardamongthemerchantsandinthechatterofanxiousfamilies.—NYT

∙June28,2010"HaitiataCrossroads,"areportreleasedlastweekbytheU.S.SenateCommitteeonForeignRelations,criticizestheslowprogressoftherecoveryeffortintheearthquake-ravagednation.ThereporttakestheHaitiangovernmenttotaskforinadequateleadership.ThegovernmentofHaiti,however,isquicktopointoutthatonlyafractionoftherelieffundspromisedhaveactuallybeendelivered,effectivelytyingthehandsoftheHaitiangovernmentasitattemptstorebuildandmovethecountryforward.—InstituteforJustice&DemocracyinHaiti

∙June28,2010Underpressurefromtheinternationalcommunity,HaitianPresidentRenePrevalhascalledforelectionstobeheldinHaitionNovember28.ThecontroversialProvisionalElectoralCommission,believedbymanytobeagrouphand-pickedbyPresidentPreval,willorganizetheelections.Haiti'slastelections,heldin2009,weremarredbyextremelylowturnout,disputedexclusionsofpoliticalparties,andaccusationsoffraud.—InstituteforJustice&DemocracyinHaiti

∙June18,2010The78thannualmeetingoftheU.S.ConferenceofMayorsunanimouslypassedaresolutionurgingtheparoleof55,000approvedHaitianbeneficiaries.GrantinghumanitarianparolewouldspeedrecoveryinHaitibyvastlyincreasingtheflowofremittances.—InstituteforJustice&DemocracyinHaiti

∙June15,2010ProfessorKatieKanerecentlyreturnedfrom24hourslivinginaninternallydisplacedpersons'campinHaiti.Heraccountoftheexperiencecallsattentiontothecampsas"notoriouslydangeroussitesofcontagion,rape,violenceanddeath"andgivesvoicetotheover1millionHaitianswhostillhavenootherplacetolivefivemonthsaftertheearthquakeinwhatshedescribesas"acountryforgotten."—InstituteforJustice&DemocracyinHaiti

Overview

Updated:

July12,2010

ByTHENEWYORKTIMES

AmassiveearthquakestruckHaitijustbefore5p.m.onJan.12,about10milessouthwestofPort-au-Prince,thecountry'scapital.Thequakewastheworstintheregioninmorethan200years.AstudybytheInter-AmericanDevelopmentBankestimatedthatthetotalcostofthedisasterwasbetween$7.2billionto$13.2billion,basedonadeathtoll[təul]（死亡、事故或灾难的）总数from200,000to250,000.

DamonWinter/TheNewYorkTimes

ClenetteCermotscreamedinpainasdoctorstreatedherlegatafieldhospitalsetupbyCubandoctorsinPort-au-Prince.

ImmediateAftermath后果

Thedayafterthequake,Haiti'spresident,RenéPréval,calledthedestruction"unimaginable.''Thequakeleftthecountryinshambles混乱；屠宰场；毁坏（景象）,withoutelectricityorphoneservice.GovernmentsandprivategroupsfromBeijingtoGrandRapidspledged保证给予assistance,buttheextentofthedestruction—andHaiti'sshaky（地位，信用等）动摇的；（因病、体弱等）摇晃的；虚弱的；不可靠的infrastructure基础设施beforethequake—meantaideffortsfacedsteepobstacles.Withlittlefoodandwatertobehad,thousandsofresidentsofthecapital,Port-au-Prince,wherethedestructionwascentered,fledthecitytoseekrefuge['refju:

dʒ]withrelativesinthecountryside.

Despitescatteredlooting抢劫,thecityremainedrelativelycalmintheaftermathofthequake,buttherewaslittleevidencethatthecentralgovernmentwasabletofunction.Monthslater,manygovernmentinstitutionshadyettoresumeoperation.

InteractiveFeature:

BeforeandAfter,TheDestructioninPort-Au-Prince

Thousandsofpeoplelaytrappedordeadintherubbleofgovernmentbuildings,foreignaidofficesandshantytowns.Schools,hospitalsandaprisoncollapsed.SixteenUnitedNationspeacekeeperswerekilledandatleast140UnitedNationsworkersweremissing,includingthechiefofitsmission,HédiAnnabi.Thecity'sarchbishop,Msgr.JosephSergeMiot,wasfounddeadintherubbleofthePort-au-Princecathedral.

Survivorssquattedinthestreets,somehurtandbloody,manymorewithoutfoodandwater,closetopilesofcoveredcorpsesandrubble.Limbsprotrudedfromdisintegratedconcrete,muffledcriesemanatedfromdeepinsidethewrecksofbuildings-manyofthempoorlyconstructedinthefirstplace.Tendaysafterthequake,thenumberofsurvivorspulledfromtherubblestoodat121ashopesoffindingmoredwindled.

ReliefEfforts

OnJan.13,asBanKi-Moon,thesecretarygeneraloftheUnitedNations,warnedofahumanitariandisaster,PresidentObamapromisedthatHaitiwouldhavethe"unwaveringsupport"oftheUnitedStates.

Butwhileworldleaderspledgedhundredsofmillionsofdollarsandthousandsoftroops,deliveringonthesepromiseswasalogisticalnightmare. Inthedaysafterthequake, aidwasarrivingonlyinatrickletothosethoughttoneedassistance.

Powerwasstilloutandtelecommunicationsrarelyfunctioned.Mostmedicalfacilitieshadbeenseverelydamaged,ifnotleveled.Suppliesoffoodandfreshwaterweredwindling.ShipscouldnotbringtheircargosofsuppliesintoHaiti'sdamagedport;theairportwasfunctioningwithseverelimits;roadswereblockednotonlybydebrisbutalsobypeoplewithnosafesheltertoretreatto.

AidagenciesfromaroundtheworldgeareduptohelpbutsoonfoundthemselvesknockedbackontheirheelsbyacatastrophetheydescribeasmoredifficulttomanagethanfamineinAfricaorthetsunamiinAsia.

Rarelyifever,theysay,hasanaturaldisastersoravagedthecrowdedcapitalofanalreadypoorcountry,devastatingboththegovernmentandtheinternationalagenciesthatusuallystepin.

Forweeks,reliefcameintheformoffoodgiveawaysthatresembledaDarwiniansport—withbiscuitsandbottlesofcanolaoilorbiscuitsthrownlikefootballsfromthebacksoftruckstomassesofmenjockeyingforposition.

RuthFremson/TheNewYorkTimes

WomenareconsideredacrucialpartofanewcouponsystemfordistributingriceinHaiti.Thecouponsarereplacingaprocessthathadbeenconfusinganddifficulttomanage.

AttheendofJanuary,anewUnitedNationssystemoffooddistributionbegan,withcouponsbeinghandedoutthatqualifytheirrecipients--primarilywomen--for55poundsofrice.Thenewapproacheasedtheconfusionsurroundingaid,thoughbysomeestimatesonlyathirdofthosewhoneeditwerereceivingfood.

AtaconferenceinNewYorkonMarch31,donorspromisedHaiti$5.3billionoverthenext18months.Twoweekslater,althoughquestionsaboutgivingupcontroltoforeignersarose,theParliamentapprovedthecreationofaninterimreconstructioncommissiontobeledbyformerPresidentBillClinton,theUnitedNationsspecialenvoytoHaiti,andJean-MaxBellerive,Haiti’sprimeminister.

Sixmonthsaftertheearthquake,only28,000ofthe1.5millionHaitiansdisplacedhadmovedintonewhomes,andthePort-au-Princearearemainedatableauoflifeintheruins.

HaitianGovernmentResponse

Alongwithitsmanyotherdireproblems,Haitisoonfacedacrisisinleadership.Foreignnationssenthundredsofmillionsofdollarsinassistance,onlytofindthegovernmenttooweaktoharnessit.Virtuallyeverysymbolofthecountry’spoliticalsystemvanishedintotherubble.

Parliamentaryelectionswerepostponed.Radioprogramsbecamesoapboxesforoppositionleaderstostrikethegovernmentwhileitwasdown.Anationthathadbeenlookingforwardtoarare,peacefultransferofpowerexperiencedfamiliar—albeitfaint—rumblingsofchaosandcoups.

Intheeyesofmany,Mr.Prevalinitiallyseemedincapableofpullinghimselftogether,muchlessthisdeeplydividedsociety.Severalweeksafterthequake,hebegantotakestepstoreasserthisauthorityandrestorehisgovernment,butgivenHaiti’sturbulentandunforgivingpolitics,thedamagemayhavebeendone.

Weakbeforethedisasterandfurtherweakenedbyit,thegovernmenthasbeenoverwhelmedbythelogisticalcomplexitiesofissueslikedebrisremovalandtheidentificationofsaferelocationsites.

ByMay2010thehopethatamoreefficient,morejustHaitimightrisefromtherubblewasgivingwaytostalemateandbitterness.Haitianscomplainedthatthepoliticallyconnectedwerebenefitingmostfromthescantreconstructionworkandthatcrimewasreturning.Meanwhile,unproductivepoliticiansandaidgroupsstruggledwithtemporaryrefugeecampsthatlookedmorepermanenteveryd