写作高频词汇及句型.docx
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写作高频词汇及句型
正确使用四种特殊句式
a状语提前
Obviously,ifelderlypeopleliveathome,theirchildrencantakecareofthemandtheyfeellesslonely.
Overall,thefunctionofabuildingismoreimportanttoabuildingthanitsappearance.
Mostimportantly,thegovernmentshouldmakesurethatcitizenscanimprovetheirlives.
b倒装句
Notonlyshouldtheparentsspendmoretimewiththeirchildren,theyshouldalsotrytocommunicatewiththeirchildrenmoreoften.
Onlyinthiswaycanthisissuebeeffectivelysolved.
c强调句
Itistheslitsthatmakeachi-paoreallyspecial.
ItisthetraditionsinBeijingthatattractmanyforeigntourists.
d虚拟语气
Theschoolswouldseemveryimpersonalwereallthecomputerstoreplacehumanteachers.
写作中重要的语法
A句子成分:
1Weshouldnotunderestimate theseverity ofthismatter.
Smokingisjustapersonalchoiceratherthanamoralissue.
Itishardtoreachaconsensusonthisaffair.
2Nowadays,moreandmorepeopleagreethatgamblingisanunwholesomehobby.
3Junkfoodimpairspeople’shealth.
Studiesrevealthatthereisadefinitelinkbetweenobesityandseriousdiseasessuchasheartattacks.
Whatweareconcernedaboutisthattowhatextenttestsareharmfultostudents’creativity.
Animalexperimentsareinhumane.
4Inrecentyears,theInternethasbeengaininginpopularityatanamazingrate.
5Outdooractivitiescangreatlyimproveourhealth.
6Shopping,anecessaryactivityineverydaylife,isfarmoreconvenientinthecitythaninthecountry.
7…foundtheemploymentsituationfrustrating.Somepeoplethinkthatthecomputertechnologywillmakehumanworkersredundant.
如何写复杂句
1 causeandeffect因果关系
标志词1)表示原因的as, since ; dueto,owingto
2)表示结果的hence(因此), thus(因此), therefore(因此) Asaconsequence,…(作为结果) Asaresult,…(作为结果) Consequently…(作为结果)
3)thereby(以此达到……的目的)
1Theecologicalproblemsarebeingaggravated;hence,itisimperativethatwetakemeasurestocurbthepollutionoftheenvironment.
2Thegovernmentshouldraisethepublicawarenessofenvironmentalpreservation,therebypromotingsustainabledevelopmentandcreatingamorelivableenvironment.
2exemplification举例关系
标志词Take…forexample.(以……为例) forinstance,(比如……)Toillustrate,…(例如…..) Asanaptillustration,…(作为例证,……)Consider,forexample…(以……为例)
1TheAsiancountriesaregettingwesternizedatastaggeringrate.TakeChinaforexample;whenyoungstersgotothemovies,itiscommonforthemtochooseHollywoodblockbustersoverdomesticfilms.
2Animalsarehumans’companions.Toillustrate,dolphinsoftenrescuesailorsfromsinkingships.
3comparisonandcontrast对比关系
标志词 while…/whilst…/whereas… Bycontrast,…
1 While/Whilstmodernmanleadsastressfullife,ourancestorscouldoftenperformtheirbusinessinaleisurelyfashion.
2 Theeducationalandmedicalfacilitiesinbigcitiesaremostlyveryadvanced.Incontrast,theircounterpartsinthecountrytendtobeofinferiorquality.
4Concession 让步关系
标志词 Despite/Inspiteof/Notwithstanding…(尽管…)Nonetheless/Nevertheless,(尽管如此) Eventhough…(尽管)=Although
1Inspiteofthedisadvantagesanimalexperimentationcanbringabout,manyscientistsinsistoncontinuingthispractice.
2Thegovernmentplaysacrucialroleinscientificresearch;nonetheless,privatecompaniesholdcertainadvantagesinconductingscientificresearch.
5Supposition假设论证
标志词 providedthat…(如果)If…
1Providedthatwecanminimizethepainoftestanimals,animalexperimentationshouldbecontinued.
2Iflargecompaniesaremovedtothecountryside,thetrafficcongestionincitieswillbealleviatedsubstantially.
6Modification修饰关系 that,who,which
1Inthisdayandage,wehaveaproliferationofbuildingsthatlookexactlylikethebuildingsourancestorsbuilt.
2Today,teenagestudentsareunderincreasinglyseverestressintheirstudies,whichhasdisturbedandalarmedmanyadults.
一个类别的词汇也可能用在其他类别,比如transform(变革,及物动词)被列在technology类里,但是也可以用在讨论development类的话题里;
注意词汇的用法:
noun名词vt及物动词vi不及物动词adj形容词adv副词BrE表示该单词使用的是英式拼写;
Education:
1) 传授知识:
impart(vt)/inculcate(vt)knowledge灌输高尚的道德观念:
instill(vt)highmoralvalues(注意values复数表示价值观)给学生以动力givethestudentsmotivationtodosth.或者motivate(vt)thestudentstodosth.给学生以灵感stimulatethestudents’thought或者givethestudentsinspiration培养(某种素质)cultivate/foster/nurture(vts)促进学生身心的发展promotethestudent’sphysical,mental(或者用intellectual)andemotionaldevelopment心理健康psychologicalsoundness/well-being/welfare(adjs)塑造某人的性格mould(BrE,vt)one’scharacter责任感asenseofobligation能力(先天就有的)aptitude/talent能力(后天学习得到的)ability/skill
2) 学生接受的学校教育(名词)schooling(noun)儿童接受的家庭教育(名词)upbringing(noun)教学法teachingmethodology/pedagogicalmethodology用填鸭式教学教育学生force-feed(vt)thestudents学生不应该只是被动的接收简单知识的容器Studentsshouldnotbetreatedaspassivereceptaclesofpredigestedideas.死记硬背learnthingsbyrote为了记忆而记忆memorize(BrE)formemorization’sownsake记忆方程式,公式,定理,定律memorize(vt)equations,formulas,theoremsandlaws(nouns)应用apply(vt)盲从followsomethingblindly/indiscriminately(advs)限制创造力的发展extinguish(vt)/stifle(vt)/constrain(vt)creativity(noun)打击学生的积极性dampen/sap(vts)thestudents’enthusiasm或者frustratethestudents产生不必要的压力beget/createunduepressure
背诵的时候尽量联系话题来记(比如教育,犯罪,环境),在写作的时候也可以根据话题来随时查阅这个词汇表,这样反复熟悉,大家将很快掌握这100个精彩的作文词汇
话题
排序
词汇
词性
含义
Education
1
parenting
n
家长给小孩的教育
2
schooling
n
学校对学生的教育
3
cultivate
v
培养……
4
awareness=sense=recognition
n
意识
5
contributeto
v
推动……
6
motivation
n
动力
7
adaptto
v
适应……
8
affordsomething
v
提供……
Media
9
prevalent
adj
形容词无处不在的,可以代替everywhere
10
journalists
n
记者
11
thepress
n
新闻界
12
coverage
n
报导,动词是cover
13
misleading
adj
有误导性的
13
dependable
adj
可靠的
14
up-to-the-minute
adj
非常及时的
Technology
15
transform
vt
改变,代替change
16
advance
v&n
发展
17
astaggeringrate
n
惊人的速度
18
Informationoverload
n
信息爆炸
19
enhance
vt
提高,增强
20
innovations
n
创新,发明
21
technological
adj
科技的
22
telecommunications
n
远程通讯
Government
23
combat=tackle=resolve
=address
vt
解决……
24
alleviate=ease
vt
减轻,缓解
25
investin=allocatemoneyto
v
对……投资
26
authorities
n
当局
27
ban=forbid=prohibit
vt
禁止
28
scrutinise
vt
监督
29
administer=regulate
vt
管理
30
taxrevenue
n
税收
31
obligation
n
责任
Tourism
32
broadenone’shorizons
v
开阔人的眼界
33
conflicts
n
冲突
34
promote
vt
促进
35
localresidents=
localinhabitants
n
当地居民
36
mutualunderstanding
n
相互了解
37
enrichone’sexperience
v
丰富人的经历
Languages
38
theproliferationof…
n
……的大量扩散(比如英语,互联网,环境污染等)
39
playsadominantrolein…
v
在……占统治地位
40
goextinct
v
灭绝
41
lesser-knownlanguages
n
小语种
42
thewidespreaduseof…
n
……的广泛使用
Culture
43
ancestors
n
祖先
44
descendants
(请注意倒数第三个字母是a不是e很容易拼写错)
n
后代
45
time-honoured
n
历史悠久的
46
culturalheritage
n
文化遗产
47
culturaldiversity
n
文化多样性
48
culturalidentity
n
文化特性
49
ethnicminorities
n
少数民族
50
thepaceoflife=
thetempooflife
n
生活节奏
51
thegapbetweentheurbanareaandtheruralarea
n
城乡差距
52
inferior
adj
质量差的
53
facilities
n
设施
54
alienated
adj
(人与人之间)疏远的
55
materialistic
adj
(人)物质化的,现实的
56
thepresentsituation=thecurrentsituation=thestatusquo
n
现状
57
affluent
adj
富裕的,有钱的
58
impoverished
adj
贫穷的
59
sweepingtrends
n
席卷一切的潮流
60
synthesizetheAsianandWesterncultures
vt
有机结合东西方文化
61
erode
vt
侵蚀(本土文化)
62
universal
adj
普遍的
63
adouble-edgedsword
n
双刃剑(既有好处也有坏处)
64
domesticviolence
n
家庭暴力
65
genderequality
n
性别平等
66
discrimination
n
歧视
67
anenlightenedsociety
n
一个开明的社会
68
householdchores
n
家务事
69
betieddownby
v
被……所拖累
70
offspring
n
后代
71
personalityclashes
n
性格冲突
72
household
n
家庭的另一种写法
73
generationgap
n
代沟
74
familybonds
n
亲情
75
harmony
n
和谐
76
crimes=offense=criminalacts
n
犯罪
77
commitacrime
v
犯罪(动词短语)
78
stringent
adj
严厉的
79
punishment
n
惩罚
80
thecrimerate=theincidenceofcrime
n
犯罪率
81
rampant
adj
猖獗的
82
violatethelaw
v
违法
83
curb
v
遏制(犯罪、污染等)
84
preserve
v
保护(某种资源,比如naturalresources或者oldbuildings),如果保护某人可以用protect
85
inhumane
adj
残酷的
86
biodiversity
n
生物多样性
87
companions
n
伙伴
88
replacements=alternatives
n
替代物(比如化妆品实验用动物作替代物而不用人做实验)
89
habitat
n
栖息地
90
endangeredspecies
n
濒危动物
91
sustainabledevelopment
n
可持续发展
92
exploitnaturalresources
v
开采自然资源
93
theecosystem
(请大家记住任何eco-开头的单词都和生态有关)
n
生态系统
94
profoundimpact
n
深远的影响
95
conserve
v
节约,代替save
96
deteriorate(不及物动词)
aggravate(及物动词)
v
如果某种现象自身恶化,就可以说它deteriorate
如果某种事物导致别的现象恶化,就用aggravatesth.或者用被动形式
97
discharge
v
排放(污染物)
98
consume=deplete
v
消耗(资源)
99
eco-friendly
adj
有益于环保的
100
scarcity
n
短缺