1996年考研英语阅读精解及高频词汇Word格式.docx

1996年考研英语阅读精解及高频词汇Word格式.docx

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andabilitiesmustbedisplayedinanorderlyandreasonablyconnectedmanner.

Whenyouhavecarefullypreparedablueprintofyourabilitiesanddesires,youhavesomethingtangibletosell.Thenyouarereadytohuntforajob.Getallthepossibleinformationaboutyourcould-bejob.Makeinquiriesastothedetailsregardingthejobandthefirm.Keepyoureyesandearsopen,anduseyourownjudgment.Spendacertainamountoftimeeachdayseekingtheemploymentyouwishfor,andkeepinmind:

Securingajobisyourjobnow.

1.Whatdotheeldersmeanwhentheysay,"

?

[A]You'

llcertainlygetwhatyouwant.

[B]It'

snousedreaming.

[C]Youshouldbedissatisfiedwithwhatyouhave.

[D]It'

sessentialtosetagoalforyourself.

2.Ablueprintmadebeforeinvitingafriendtodinnerisusedinthispassageas_____.

[A]anillustrationofhowtowriteanapplicationforajob

[B]anindicationofhowtosecureagoodjob

[C]aguidelineforjobdescription

[D]aprincipleforjobevaluation

3.Accordingtothepassage,onemustwriteanaccountofhimselfbeforestartingtofindajobbecause_______.

[A]thatisthefirststeptopleasetheemployer

[B]thatistherequirementoftheemployer

[C]itenableshimtoknowwhentosellhisservices

[D]itforceshimtobecomeclearlyawareofhimself

4.Whenyouhavecarefullypreparedablueprintofyourabilitiesanddesires,youhavesomething______.

[A]definitetooffer 

[B]imaginarytoprovide

[C]practicaltosupply 

[D]desirabletopresent

Passage2

WiththestartofBBCWorldServiceTelevision,millionsofviewersinAsiaandAmericacannowwatchtheCorporation'

snewscoverage,aswellaslistentoit.

AndofcourseinBritainlistenersandviewerscantuneintotwoBBCtelevisionchannels,fiveBBCnationalradioservicesanddozensoflocalradiostation.Theyarebroughtsport,comedy,drama,music,newsandcurrentaffairs,education,religion,parliamentarycoverage,children'

sprogramsandfilmsforanannuallicensefeeof83poundsperhousehold.

Itisaremarkablerecord,stretchingbackover70years——yettheBBC’sfutureisnowindoubt.TheCorporationwillsurviveasapublicly-fundedbroadcastingorganization,atleastforthetimebeing,butitsrole,itssizeanditsprogramsarenowthesubjectofanation-widedebateinBritain.

ThedebatewaslaunchedbytheGovernment,whichinvitedanyonewithanopinionoftheBBC-includingordinarylistenersandviewers——tosaywhatwasgoodorbadabouttheCorporation,andevenwhethertheythoughtitwasworthkeeping.ThereasonforitsinquiryisthattheBBC’sroyalcharterrunsoutin1996anditmustdecidewhethertokeeptheorganizationasitis,ortomakechanges.

DefendersoftheCorporation-ofwhomtherearemany——arefondofquotingtheAmericanslogan"

Ifitain'

tbroke,don'

tfixit."

TheBBC"

ain'

tbroke”,theysay,bywhichtheymeanitisnotbroken（asdistinctfromtheword‘broke’,meaninghavingnomoney）,sowhybothertochangeit?

YettheBBCwillhavetochange,becausethebroadcastingworldarounditischanging.ThecommercialTVchannels——TVandChannel4-wererequiredbytheThatcherGovernment'

sBroadcastingActtobecomemorecommercial,competingwitheachotherforadvertisers,andcuttingcostsandjobs.Butitisthearrivalofnewsatellitechannels——fundedpartlybyadvertisingandpartlybyviewers'

subscriptions-whichwillbringaboutthebiggestchangesinthelongterm.

5.TheworldfamousBBCnowfaces_______.

[A]theproblemofnewscoverage 

[B]anuncertainprospect

[C]inquiriesbythegeneralpublic 

[D]shrinkageofaudience

6.Inthepassage,whichofthefollowingabouttheBBCisnotmentionedasthekeyissue?

[A]ExtensionofitsTVservicetoFarEast.

[B]Programsasthesubjectofanation-widedebate.

[C]Potentialsforfurtherinternationalco-operations.

[D]Itsexistenceasabroadcastingorganization.

7.TheBBC'

s"

royalcharter"

（Line4,Paragraph3）standsfor________.

[A]thefinancialsupportfromtheroyalfamily

[B]theprivilegesgrantedbytheQueen

[C]acontractwiththeQueen

[D]auniquerelationshipwiththeroyalfamily

8.TheforemostreasonwhytheBBChastoreadjustitselfisnootherthan______.

[A]theemergenceofcommercialTVchannels

[B]theenforcementofBroadcastingActbythegovernment

[C]theurgentnecessitytoreducecostsandjobs

[D]thechallengeofnewsatellitechannels

Passage3

Inthelasthalfofthenineteenthcentury"

capital"

and"

labor"

wereenlargingandperfectingtheirrivalorganizationsonmodernlines.Manyanoldfirmwasreplacedbyalimitedliabilitycompanywithabureaucracyofsalariedmanagers.Thechangemetthetechnicalrequirementsofthenewagebyengagingalargeprofessionalelementandpreventedthedeclineinefficiencythatsocommonlyspoiledthefortunesoffamilyfirmsinthesecondandthirdgenerationaftertheenergeticfounders.Itwasmoreoverastepawayfromindividualinitiative,towardscollectivismandmunicipalandstate-ownedbusiness.Therailwaycompanies,thoughstillprivatebusinessmanagedforthebenefitofshareholders,wereveryunlikeoldfamilybusiness.Atthesametimethegreatmunicipalitieswentintobusinesstosupplylighting,tramsandotherservicestothetaxpayers.

Thegrowthofthelimited-liability-companyandmunicipalbusinesshadimportantconsequences.Suchlarge,impersonalmanipulationofcapitalandindustrygreatlyincreasedthenumbersandimportanceofshareholdersasaclass,anelementinnationalliferepresentingirresponsiblewealthdetachedfromthelandandthedutiesofthelandowners;

andalmostequallydetachedfromtheresponsiblemanagementofbusiness.Allthroughthenineteenthcentury,America,Africa,India,AustraliaandpartsofEuropewerebeingdevelopedbyBritishcapital,andBritishshareholderswerethusenrichedbytheworld'

smovementtowardsindustrialization.TownslikeBournemouthandEastboundspranguptohouselarge.“Comfortable"

classeswhohadretiredontheirincomes,andwhohadnorelationtotherestofthecommunityexceptthatofdrawingdividendsandoccasionallyattendingashareholders'

meetingtodictatetheirorderstothemanagement.Ontheotherhand"

shareholding"

meantleisureandfreedomwhichwasusedbymanyofthelaterVictoriansforthehighestpurposeofagreatcivilization.

The"

shareholders"

assuchhadnoknowledgeofthelives,thoughtsorneedsoftheworkmenemployedbythecompanyinwhichheheldshares,andhisinfluenceontherelationsofcapitalandlaborwasnotgood.Thepaidmanageractingforthecompanywasinmoredirectrelationwiththemenandtheirdemands,butevenhehadseldomthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhichtheemployerhadoftenhadunderthemorepatriarchalsystemoftheoldfamilybusinessnowpassingaway.Indeedthemeresizeofoperationsandthenumbersofworkmeninvolvedrenderedsuchpersonalrelationsimpossible.Fortunately,however,theincreasingpowerandorganizationofthetradeunions,atleastinallskilledtrades,enabledtheworkmentomeetonequaltermsthemanagersofthecompanieswhoemployedthem.Thecrueldisciplineofthestrikeandlockouttaughtthetwopartiestorespecteachother’sstrengthandunderstandthevalueoffairnegotiation.

9.It'

strueoftheoldfamilyfirmsthat_______.

[A]theywerespoiledbytheyoungergenerations

[B]theyfailedforlackofindividualinitiative

[C]theylackedefficiencycomparedwithmodemcompanies

[D]theycouldsupplyadequateservicestothetaxpayers

10.Thegrowthoflimitedliabilitycompaniesresultedin______.

[A]theseparationofcapitalfrommanagement

[B]theownershipofcapitalbymanagers

[C]theemergenceofcapitalandlaborastwoclasses

[D]theparticipationofshareholdersinmunicipalbusiness

11.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueexceptthat______.

[A]theshareholderswereunawareoftheneedsoftheworkers

[B]theoldfirmownershandabetterunderstandingoftheirworkers

[C]thelimitedliabilitycompaniesweretoolargetorunsmoothly

[D]thetradeunionsseemedtoplayapositiverole

12.Theauthorismostcriticalof_____.

[A]familyfilmowners 

[B]landowners 

[C]managers 

[D]shareholders

Passage4

Whataccountsforthegreatoutburstofmajorinvent