The SelfRedemption of EnergyWord下载.docx

The SelfRedemption of EnergyWord下载.docx

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　　Existingworldenergymix

　　Energyalwaystopstheagendawhichconcernsglobaleconomyandpeople’severydaylife.Nowadays，energyconsumptiongainsaforcefulmomentumandtheconflictbetweenenergysupplyanddemandgetsworse.Fossilenergystilldominatestheentireworldenergyconsumption.Amajorpartofenergiesarestillatthehandofwesterncountries.Othergenresofenergies，especiallynewenergiesdevelopfast，butitstilltakestimeforthemtoachievesubstantialprogress.Theinternationaloilpriceishardtoreturntothehomepositionandpricefluctuationscausesgravechallengestobothenergyproducersandconsumers.

　　Energysupply-demandrelationisoveralltight

　　Uponenteringintothe21stcentury，mostofthetimesupplyofenergysourcesdwindles.Duringtheperiod，althoughworldwideoilsupplyanddemandarebasicallybalancedwithsupplyalittlemorethandemand，thebalanceisquitefragile.Duetofactorssuchasnaturaldisasters，climatechange，localwar，societalturmoil，terroristactivitiesinsomecountryorregion，duringsomeseasonoratimeperiod，sometypesofoilareoutofstock，renderingsomecountriesorregionsintoplightslikeoilandelectricityshortage.

　　Itislearnedthatoverallspeaking，theproductioncapacityofenergygrowsslowly，buttheconsumptiondemandforenergyisonthefasttrack.Accordingtothecoverageoverthepasttwodecades，newlyfoundoilfieldsintheworldareonthedecrease，especiallyextralargeoilfields.Amongtheexistingfoursuperoilfields，WalOilFieldinMexicoistheonlyonewhichproduceshighyield.Inthefuture，productionofkeyoilfieldsinWesternSiberiainRussiawilldecrease.Inthepeakdays，Russiaproduced10.5millionbarrelsoil，whichwillbedecreasedto9.7millionbarrelstill2035.Althoughsomeothercountriesalsopossessrichresources，theexploitationstherearerestrictedduetomanyconcerns.Forexample，richoildepositinNorthofAlaska，theU.S.isprohibitedfromexploitationforalongtimetoprotectecologicalenvironmentortoreserveoilforthelocalarea.　　Withthesustaineddevelopmentofglobaleconomy，especiallythefastgrowthofemergingeconomies，demandandconsumptionofoilsoarcontinuously，evenexceedingtheincreaseofoilproduction.Althoughtheoutbreakofeconomiccrisishascausedthefirstslumpofoildemandsince1983，oilconsumptionroseagainsince2010.Hence，sufficientsupplyofoilisonlytemporary，whilesupplyshortageisthenormality.

　　Shiftofglobalenergyfocus

　　November12，2013，InternationalEnergyAgency（IEA）releasedWorldEnergyOutlook2013，whichhighlightedtheprojectionsofglobalenergylandscapeandtrendespeciallyafter2035.

　　Itisshowedinthereportthatthewell-establishedlandscapeintheenergyfieldisaltering，thecenterofglobalenergydemandismovingtowardstheemergingeconomies.Theonceenergyexportersgrowfastindemand，andimportersturntobeexporters.CountriesexemplifiedbyChina，IndiaandtheMiddleEastwillconsumeonethirdofthegrowthofglobalenergy.

　　ItispointedoutintheOutlookthatin2035，althoughfossilfuelremainstobethemainenergyformintheglobalenergymixtodominatetherelationamongenergy，environmentandclimatechange，stimulatedbyhighoilprice，energyefficiencywillfurtherimproveanddevelopmentofoilsubstituteswillexpedite.Afterall，becauseoftheglobalenergymixfocusingonfossilfuelenergy，thetwoentrenchedproblemsstillbesetpeopletillnow--nearexhaustionandpollutionoffossilfuels.

　　Inthefuture，wewillhavemorelow-carbonenergies，includingrenewableenergy，nuclearenergyandsoon，whichwillriseat40%.Bythenthesenon-conventionaloilandgasresources，renewableenergywillfurtheraltertheglobalenergylandscapeandenergysourcesonthecurrentbasis.

　　Challengesofconventionalenergymix

　　Oureraiscalled"

theEraofEnergy"

.Peoplenevervalueenergysomuchastoday，andtheprospectsofglobalenergytrendwonworldspotlight.

　　Today，theglobalenergymixfocusingoncoalandoilbringsaboutaseriesofglobalenergyenvironmentalissues，whicharemainlyrepresentedbyacidrain，ozonedepletion，greenhousegasemission，etc..Inmanydevelopingcountries，tofastdevelopeconomy，manythermalpowerplantswerebuilt，causingseriousairpollutionandposinghugethreattothewellbeingoflocalpeople.

　　However，windpowerasagenreofsubstituteenergyisstillbeingquestionedduetotheconcernsofnoiseandecologicalsecurity.Drivenbythefactorsofexhaustionofenergy，energysupplysecurityandenvironmentalprotection，since1970smajordevelopedcountriesandsomedevelopingcountrieshadgivenrenewedvalueonthedevelopmentandutilizationofnewenergies.Especiallysince1990s，withtheexpansionofglobalpopulation，fastdevelopmentofeconomy，demandforelectricityofallcountrieshasmultiplied.Thegenerationofelectricityisakindofenergytransfer，andmainlyprovidedbythermalpowergeneration.Withtheaugmenteddemandforpower，fossilfuelenergyisdepletedincreasinglytotheextentofexhaustion，exacerbatingpollutionanddamagetothenaturalenvironment.　　China’senergymixwithcolaandoilasthecorealsocausesseriousairpollution，itsemissionofsulfurdioxideandCo2toppingtheworldlist.

　　Aroundtheglobeabout1.3billionpeoplelackrelevantenergies.Theworldleadersarefacingmultiplechallenges.Ontheonehand，theywanteconomicgrowth，minimaluseofrecourses；

ontheotherhand，theyalsowanttoprotecttheenvironment.It’svitaltobalanceeconomydevelopment，reductionofenergyconsumptionandenvironmentprotection.

　　Powerisessentialtothedevelopmentofglobaleconomy，accountingforhalfoftheoverallglobalenergyconsumption.Fordifferentregions，theissueofpowertakesdifferentforms.Till2035，themainissuefacingOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment（OECD）isthedecommissionofnumerouspowerplants.Chinafacessimilarproblems，andabout3/4ofitspowerplantshavenotbeenfoundedfor20years.

　　Nevertheless，since1990s，thepopulationbulgeandfasteconomygrowthhaveredoubledpeople’sdemandforpower.Thegenerationofelectricityisakindofenergytransfer，andmainlyprovidedbythermalpowergeneration.Withtheaugmenteddemandforpower，fossilfuelenergyisdepletedincreasinglytotheextentofexhaustion，pollutionanddamagetothenaturalenvironmentisalsoworsened.Theworldrequireseffectivemeasurestocatertoitsnewdemands，suchastherenewableenergies（orrenewables）.

　　Newsituationcallsfornewenergy

　　Renewableenergyreferstotheresourcewhichcanberegeneratedandusedsustainablyinthenature，andhasnoneorminimalhazardtotheenvironmentbutwithwidedistributionandcanbedevelopedlocallyandconveniently.Itcomposesnon-fossilenergieslikewindpower，solarpower，waterpower，biomasspower，thermalpower，andoceanpower.Todifferentiateitfromconventionalrenewableenergy，themodernenergyarecallednewandrenewableenergyorsustainableenergy，whichemphasizesthatitshouldbedevelopedbymodernscienceandtechnologyorbebuiltonthebasisofhigh-techsoastobeefficient，safeandpractical.

　　Renewablesthatfollowthetide

　　Historically，everymajorbreakthroughinenergyutilizationwasaccompaniedwiththeadvancementoftechnology，whichencouragedgreatdevelopmentofproductivityoreventriggeredtherevolutioninsocialproductionmode.Developmentandutilizationofeachofthenewenergiesisboundtocausechangesintheglobalenergymixandenhancetherapiddevelopmentofeconomy.　　Nowadays，energyconsumptionincreasedssharply，thedevelopmentandsupplyofconventionalenergiesarehardtomeetthesociety’sdemand，andtheshadowofenergycrisisenshroudsthewholeworld.Fossilenergyasthecoreofenergymixisnon-renewableenergy，andislessenedproportionallywithitsamountofutilization.Accordingtothestatistics，thefinalrecoveryoffossilfuel（coal，oil，naturalgas）whichaccountsfor80%oftheenergyconsumptionoftheworldequalstothatof3，373billiontonsrawcoals，anditcanonlysufficetouseforanotheroneortwohundredyearsattheannual5%growthrateofworldenergyconsumption.

　　Besides，accordingtothecalculationofWorldEnergyStatisticalYearbook2004BP，thegrossoilreserveis1.15trillionbarrelsanditcanonlyproduceoilforanother41yearsatthecurrentdevelopmentspeed.SaudiArabiatheworldoilleaderwhoseoilreservereaches250billionbarrels，withadailyyielduptoover8millionbarrels，respectivelyaccountfornear1/4and1/10ofthegrossreserveandgrossdemandofworldoil.With"

WeProvideOiltotheWorldEveryDay"

asitsmission，thiscountryservedasastabilizerfortheworldoil.ButasenioremployeeinSaudiArabiaOilCompanysaidprivately，"

Idon’tknowhowlongthissituationcanlast"

.Becausetheoldoilfieldsi