高考语法Word格式文档下载.docx
《高考语法Word格式文档下载.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高考语法Word格式文档下载.docx(82页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
4)不可数名词作可数的情况
A.部分不可数名词可以有下列情况
a(an)+adj.+n.
Itlookslikerain.athirstyforknowledge(求知欲)
aheavyrainHehasagoodknowledgeofpolitics.
snow,breakfast,wine,oil,education
B.口语特例(特定场合)
A(One)beer,please.
Twoteasandfourcoffees,please.
5)既是可数又是不可数的名词
Ibrokeaglassthismorning.(杯子)
Glassismadefromsand.(玻璃)
paper/apaper,light(光)/alight(灯);
ice(冰)/anice(冰激凌),chicken(鸡肉)/achicken(雏鸡)
6)单位词
A.个数
apieceofinformation(furniture,advice…)
B.以形状表示个数
agrainofrice,aflightofstairs
C.容量
aboxofmatches,acupoftea
D.计量
ametreofcloth,atonofcoal
E.其它
a(new)setoftools(wires,teeth,rules)
3、名词的格:
1)’s的用法
A.与时间有关的名词
anight’ssleeptenminutes’walk
atwo-hourwalk=twohours’walk
B.和else连用
bookcanthisbe?
A.Whoelse’sB.Whoseelse
C.Who’selseD.Whoseelse’s(A)
C.‘s修饰的词,如果前面提到,可省略
ThisisJack’sbook,notTom’s.
ThisbookisJack’snotTom’s.
D.表示店、铺、家、诊所等,‘s后面的名词省略
attheGreen’s(house),atthedoctor’s(office)
2)OF结构表示所有关系
A.无生命的名词用of
thepriceofthesuccess
B.有生命的名词被一个短语或从句修饰而表示所有关系时用of
Can’tyoulookatthebookoftheboybehindyou?
3)双重所有格
‘s与of结构并用,此时of结构所修饰的名词前通常有a,an,two,some,that等
MissSmithisafriendofMary’smother’s.
thatbrotherofthegirl
4)名词+名词(名词用作形容词)
A.单数名词+名词 ashoe(flower)shopticketoffice
thetailor’s(shop)
B.复数名词 + 名词
sportsmeetclothesshopwomenpilots
二、数词
1、数词在使用时应注意的问题:
易错数词:
年月日及介词
计算用词
和数字相关的词
2、综合
1)数字表达:
123,856,709
onehundredandtwenty-threemillion,eighthundredand
fifty-sixthousand,sevenhundredandnine
2)年月日inthemorning;
onthemorningofSeptember1;
inSeptember;
in1988;
onSeptember1(onthefirstofSeptember)
3、计算
+ Sixandfiveis(are)eleven.
Sixhundredplusfortyis(equals)sixhundredandforty.
- Fourfromsevenis(leaves)three.
Sixhundredminusonehundredequalsfivehundred.
X16x11=176
Sixteentimeselevenis(makes)onehundredandseventy-six.
÷
9÷
3=3
Ninedividedbythreeequalsthree.
4、dozen,score
A.threedozeneggs;
threedozenoftheseeggs;
dozensofeggs
B.threescoreyears;
a(three)scoreofpeople;
scoresoftimes
5、小数,分数,百分比引导的短语作主语时的主谓一致问题.
分数和百分数引导的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数应根据分数和百分数后面的名词来确定.如果是可数名词的复数,其谓语动词用复数形式;
如果是不可数名词或单数可数名词其谓语动词用单数形式.
Morethan40percentofthestudentswearglasses.
70percentodthefund(资金)wassuppliedbytheGovernment.
6、“一个半...”的表达法.
onepoundandahalf,oneandahalfyears
三、冠词
1、冠词应注意的问题
习惯用法
同一名词前不同名词的比较
2、不定冠词
1)成对的名词(此类名词间常有一种自然的联系)
aknifeandfork
2)amost+n.“非常“Thisisamostbeautifulcountry.
3)a(an)与one之区别
A.数字对比用oneItwasonecoffeeweordered,nottwo.
B.对比 Aknifeisnogood. (刀子不行)
Oneknifeisnogood. (一把刀子不行)
C.通用 a(one)million,a(one)quarter
4)a(an)与every之比较:
threetimesayear;
twiceeverythreeyears
5)惯用法 A.Whatasurprise!
Whatalovelydress!
quiteanicedayratheragoodidea
suchafunnyexpression
B.toocoldadayHowlovelyadress!
sostrangeapersonasgoodamapas
3、定冠词
1)普通名词组成的专有名词theGreatWalltheSummerPalace
2)江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾thePacific(Ocean)
3)the+adj.(-ing;
-ed)
A.指一类人,谓语用复数
Theoldarebeingtakengoodcareof.
B.指一类事,谓语用单数
Thebeautifulisnotalwaysthesameasthegood.
4)用在radio,piano,telephone,方位、次序、自然现象(rain)、身体
部位前Hehatesthetelephone.
5)被定语从句、介词短语、副词短语、不定式短语等修饰的名词前
Theboywhoyouarelookingfor(inblue,there,standingthere,
dressedinblue)isastudent.
4、零冠词
1)街道、广场、节假日、季节、月份、星期、棋类、球类等
NationalDayNanjingRoad
2)职位充当补语、同位语时
Hewaselectedheadmasteroftheschool.
3)成对出现的成语
arminarm(手挽手),handinhand(手牵手),facetoface,
sidebyside(肩并肩),dayandnight,youngandold,
fromdoortodoor,frommorningtillnight,frombeginningtoend
5、冠词比较
gotoschool(hospital,church);
inprison(强调用途)
gototheschool,visittheprison(强调建筑物本身)
2)I’llgotherenextFriday.(以说话时间为准)
In1989,hewas28,andthenextyear,hewas29.(以所给时间为准)
3)byair(plane,boat…)inaspaceship(onthebike,onthebus)
4)Openthewindowtoletinfreshair.(泛指)
Theairintheroomisnotfresh.(特指)
5)beattablebeatthetable
6)acupofcoffeeTwocoffees,please.Ilikewhitecoffee.
Thisisaverygoodcoffee.ThecoffeeonthetableisTom’s.
7)Mr.Whiteiswaitingtoseeyou.AMr.Whiteiswaitingtoseeyou.
TheMr.Whiteyouarelookingforiswaitingtoseeyou.
8)Ahorseisausefulanimal.Thehorseisausefulanimal.
Horsesareusefulanimals.
9)thebestseasonoftheyearthebesttimeofyear
代词
一、人称代词
1、多个人称代词的排列顺序:
①youandI②heandI③youandhe
④you,heandI⑤you,theyandwe(情况多)
2、It的用法
①代替this,that
That’sabook,isn’tit?
②做某动作的人或婴儿
---Someoneiscoming.Whocanitbe?
---ItmaybeJack.
It’salovelybaby.Isitaboyoragirl?
③表示时间、距离、自然现象
It’s20milesto(from)Paris.
3、简略回答中用so,not,it的情况:
①肯定答语中,下列动词后面常用so:
think,hope,believe,I’mafraid,Itseems(appears),etc.
---Isittruethathehadaheartattack?
---I’mafraidso./Ibelieveso./Itseemsso.
②否定答语中用not:
---HasAnnegotintouniversity?
---I’mafraidnot./Ithinknot./Itseemsnot.
③协力动词中也可以用not…so:
believe,think,suppose,expect,etc
Idon’tbelieveso./Idon’tthinkso.
④do代替上下文动词,并且表示一个已完成的动作时,
do后常用so/it:
---Pleaselaythetable.
---I’vejustdoneso(it).
二、指示代词
★that,one,it的区别
①one代替可数名词,表示泛指;
theone表示特指;
that代替不可数名
词,表示特指;
它们都可以代替前面提到的同一类事物;
it指前面提到的
同一事物。
●Thereisanoldengineerandayoungonehere.
●Hisattitudetomeisthatofafriend.
●I’velostmypen.Haveyouseenit?
(Haveyoulendmeone?
)
②the/this/that/these/those+adj.+one/ones
I’lltryonafewoftheseshirts.Pleasepassmethatwhiteone.
③theone后面可以接介词短语或定语从句
●Theboyinyourclassistallerthantheoneinourclass.
●Theskirt(that)shemadeherselfismorebeautifultowearthan
theone(that)sheboughtlastyear.
④one不能代替前面提到的不可数名词
Don’tusepowderedmilk.Usethisfreshmilk.(不可用freshone)
⑤those,ones
●Thesemachinesarebetterthanthosewemadelastyear.
●---I’dlikeapoundofapples.
---Whichones?
---Thered(ones).
●---Whydon’twetakealittlebreak?
---Didn’twejusthave?
(NMET2000)
A.itB.thatC.oneD.this(C)
三、物主代词
1、名词性物主代词可作主语、表语、宾语,不能作定语
Thisismycup.Yoursistheonethat’sgreen.
Thesethingsaremine.Thosearetheirs.
2、名词性物主代词与of结构连用
Thatbrotherofyourslookshealthy.
Heisanoldfriendofmine.
3、下列结构用the代替物主代词
HepulledJackbythehair(arm).
Hewaswoundedintheleg.
Hewasblindintherighteye.
四、反身代词
1、加强语气(可前可后)
Theheadmasterspoketomehimself.
→Theheadmasterhimselfspoketome.
●Tomfeltthathekneweverybody’sbusinessbetter
thantheyknewit.
A.themselvesB.oneselfC.itselfD.himself
(NMET1996)(A)
2、own:
反身代词无所有格形式,用own表达:
I’dlovetohavemyownroom/aroomofmyown.
五、不定代词
1、everyeach
①every指时间:
everyotherday,
everythreedays=everythirdday
②each放在复数主谓语之间:
Weeachhaveabook.
③each放在句尾:
Shegaveherchildrenanappleeach.
2、some-any-every-no-
①作单数看:
Isthereanyoneherewhoisadoctor?
②不与of连用:
不说 someoneof;
nooneof.etc
可说someoneof;
noneof,etc.
③+adj./todo(vt.):
Isthereanythingformetositon?
④+else:
Thisisn’tmine.It’ssomeoneelse’s.
3、someany
①表示请求、建议的问句用some
Wouldyoulikesome(more)coffee?
②some+n.(singl.)
Youwillrealizeitsomeday.
③any在肯定句中表示任何一个(无论哪个)
Anychildcananswerthat.
Givemeaplate.Anyone(plate)willdo.
④any(some)of+ 限定词 + n.
someoftheoil,anyofmywater
4、bothall
①常用于助动词或情感动词后,但在简答中放在前面
●Thegirlsarebothready.
●---Areyouready?
---Yes,weboth(all)are.
②放在作宾语的宾格代词后面
Hegavesometousall(both).
③all单独用,指人时谓语用用复数;
指物时谓语用单数
●Allislost.●Allarehere.
5、eitherneither
①either…or;
neither…nor作主语,谓语的使用是邻近原则
NeitherhenorIamgoingtoLondon.
②作定语,修饰单数名词
Neither(Either)bookissatisfactory.
6、another(the)other(the)others
①another 另外的,另一个的
Pleaseshowmeanother(one).
Doyouneedanothercup?
②another+ 基数词(few)+ n.
Ineedanotherthreedays.(threemoredays)
③(the)other(+n.)(the)other
theothersix(persons)/theothers/theotherday
7、(a)few(a)little
①few的搭配
●Wehadagoodfewletterthismorning(很多).
●Notafewletterswerewrittentothemagazines.(不少)
●---Howmanydoyouwant?
---Justafew,please.(不多)
quiteafew(相当多)
onlyafew(只有几个,几乎没有)
②little的搭配
●There’sonlyalittlesoupleft.
●---Howmuchdoyouwant?
---Justalittle,please.
8、muchmany
①(much/far)toomuchfartoomany
Yoursongotmuch(far)toomuchpocketmoney.
Therearefartoomanyacci