医学英语视听说Word格式文档下载.docx
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Musculoskelrtal骨骼系统性疼痛
2．DescriptionsofPain
Aches疼痛,,throbbing悸痛,pulsing疼痛，stings刺痛\likeastabbingpain,Sharppain,comesinwaves,suddenpain,
Mychestfeelstight
Itfeelslikeatightbandaroundmychest
Pressure,压迫感
3.UsefulSentences
ForChestPain
HowLong
Whatdoesthepainfeellike
Showmewherethepainis
Isthepainjustinthatareaordoesitspeadanywhereelse
Douhaveanypaininurshoulderordownurleftarm
Isthepainconstantthereallthetime
Doesthepaingetworsewhenu----breatheinorout
----walkaroundordoheavywork
Whatpainkillersdiduhave
Aspirin（阿司匹林,paracetamol（扑热息痛）
HerearetheForms（化验单），UNeedtohavesomebloodtest,X-ray,andECGrightaway！
Urresultsshowthatuhave----,Iamafraiduwillhavetobeadmittedintohospitalfortreatment（住院治疗）
Uneedtohaveintravenousantibiotics（静脉输液），andoralmedication（口服药）。
QuestionforDiagnosis&
Treatment----Diarrhea（腹泻）
Disease
Foodpoisoning食物中毒
Dysentery痢疾
IntestinalObstruction肠梗阻
Dehydration脱水
Intussusception肠套叠
Enteritis肠炎（小肠炎）
Crohn’sDisease节段性回肠炎
Irritablebowelsyndrome过敏性结肠炎
BowelTumour肠瘤
Constipation便秘
WordsforFaeces粪便andDiarrhea
Liquid液体watery水样
Lumpy粒状
Semi-soft半软
Mucous粘液
Bloodybloodyandlikejelly带血胶状
Darkbrown咖啡色
Creamcolor乳白色
Beige浅褐色
Dry干燥
Blackandsticky
黑色呈柏油
Smelly发臭的
Pus脓
Milkdeposits牛奶沉淀
Un-digested
未消化的
Pale白色
Green青色
forDiarrhea（顺序为横）
HowlongHowmanytimes
BloodyStool（大便）looklike
DotheysmellPainwhenuhavediarrhea
VomitEatsomethingwrong
AbletoeatHowaboutfluidsAnyfeverorheadache
Doufeeldehydrated（脱水）
Specimen（样品）ofstools;
bloodtest;
x-ray;
ultrasound（超声）--------
Umusttakefluids,andjusthavealightdietuntilfeelbetter
Possiblebowelcancer（肠癌）（顺序为横）
3timesaweek2or3timesaday
Abitsoft,darkbrownNotsmell
paingoingwithAbdominalpainordiscomfort
Feelbloated腹胀Pressonstomachandpalpate
Dotestofspecimenofurstools,bloodtest
Mightneedendoscopic内窥镜的,内窥镜检查的orsigmoidoscopy乙状结肠镜检查[术]
Treatment----AbdominalPain
1..PossibleDisease
AbdominalObstruction腹胀[bdmnl
Appendicitis阑尾炎[pendsats]
FoodPoisoning食物中毒
Hepatitis肝炎[heptats]
Cholecystitis（gallstones）胆囊炎，（胆结石）[klisistaitis]
GynecologicalProblems妇科疾病[ɡainikldikl]
StomachUlcer胃溃疡[ls]
Pancreatitis胰腺炎[pkritaitis]
UrologicalProblems泌尿系统问题
Respiratoryproblems呼吸系统问题[resprt:
ri
Cardiovascularproblems心血管问题[kɑ:
di:
vskjl]
Sentences
Howlongwherehowpainfulisit
Didthepainstratthereorsomewhereelse
Doesithurtmoreaftercertainexercisesoractions
Doufeelthatuhavehadfeveratanytime
Areupassingurineok（你排尿正常吗）
Whatdoesururinelooklike
Areuhavingyourbowelsopenregularly（排便正常吗）
Areumenstruatingisitnormal
Bleedingisitnormal
Havingaperiodisitnormal（females,月经来了吗）
Areuvomiting
WhatdouvomitIsthereapattern（一般什么情况下呕吐）
Areuabletoeatordrink
Dougetpainaftereatinganddrinking
Pleaselaydown,Ineedtoexamineu
Iwillneedtodosomeinvestigations:
bloodtests,x-rayandultrasound,urinetestsandstooltests
Cholecystitis
D:
Hello,mynameisDrpan,howcanIhelpu
P:
Ihavehadabdominalpainforafewdaysandit’sgettingworse.
D;
howlonghaveuhadabdominalpain
P;
aboutthreedays.
whereisitcanushowme
yes,justhere.
howpainfulisit
atfirstitwasjustonandoff,butnowitseemstobethereallthetime.
onascaleof1to10;
ifnopainsis1andverypainful10,whatnumberwouldugiveyourpain
I’dgiveita7
didthepainstartthereorsomewhereelse
it’salwaysbeenthere.
doesithurtmoreafterexerciseoractions
P；
ifiamwalingaroundalot,itwillhurtabitmore.
doufeelthatuhavehadafeveratanytime
no,Idon’tthinkso,IhavefelthotbutIhaven’ttakenmytemperature.
D；
Ineedtotakeurtemperature,pulse,andB/P
Areupassingurineok
yes
whatdoesururinelooklike
normal
areuhavingurbowelsopenregulatly
usuallyIdo,butIhaven’thadmybowelsopenforacoupleofdays.
haveuvomited
no,IthoughtIwasgoingtotodaybutthefeelingpassed.
areuabletoeatanddrinkanything
I’mdrinkingbutIhaven’treallyfeltlikeeating.
whathaveubeendrinking
P：
Ihavehadacoupleofglassesofwaterandacoupleofcupsofcoffee.
doesthepaingetworseaftereatingordrinking、
no,notthatI‘venoticed.
Ineedtoexaminelaydown,andloosenurclothingforme.
ok.
showmewhereithurts.
ithurtsjustthere.
oktakeanicebigbreth,breatheinandout,nowtryandrelax.
ouch,thathurts.
OKthanks,ucangetdressednow.
:
hello,yourresultsshowthatumighthavecholecystitis,uneedtobeadmittedtohospitalforobservationandtreatment,andwemayneedtodomoretestsbeforewehaveacorrectdiagnosis.
doIreallyneedtobeadmittedintohospital,isn’tthereanythingucangivemeforthepainandtohelptheproblem
sorry,no,itisbestthatuareadmittedforfurthertest,wecancheckthatuhaven’tgotgallstonesorsomethingseriouslywithurliver.
allright,
PPTofAbdomialPain
“Allwhohavehadmuchexperienceofthegroupofcasesknowngenerallyastheacuteabdomenwillprobablyagreethatinthatconditionearlydiagnosisisexceptional.”
Typesofabdominalpain
Colicky（绞痛0pain-causedbydistention（膨胀）ofahollowviscus（空脏器）,suchasbowel.
Somatic（躯干身体）pain-causedbyinflammation（炎症）oftheparietalperitoneum（壁层腹膜）;
Visceral（内脏的）pain-causedbyinflammationofthevisceralperitoneumandcapsuleofsolidorgans.
Quadrant（象限）ViewoftheAbdomen
RightUpper
Cholecystitis（胆囊炎）
Inflammationofthegallbladder胆囊,causedbyductobstruction（管道堵塞）withagallstone.
Painisusuallysteadyforanhourormoreafteronsetandmadeworsebyeating.
Ifthereissignificantinflammationassociatedwiththecholecystitis,theremaybelocalperitonealpain（somaticpain）腹膜性疼痛.
Painmaybereferredtothescapular（肩胛的）areaandaccompaniesnausea恶心,vomiting,andfeverwithoutjaundice黄疸.
Diagnosedwithultrasound（超声）.
Cholangitis胆管炎
•Causedbyobstructionofthebiliarytract（胆道）leadingtobacterialovergrowthinthegallbladder.
•MarkedbyCharcot’sTriad（查科三联征）
•–RUQ（右上腹）pain,jaundiceandfever.
•Diagnosedbyultrasound.
•IsanemergencyandmustbetreatedwithIVantibiotics（静脉抗生素）.
•Mayrequiredecompression（解压）via（凭借）endoscopic（内窥镜的）orsurgicalmeans.
Hepatitis（肝炎）
•Causedbyinflammation（感染）oftheliverbyviruses（病毒）,alcoholorcertaindrugs.
•Markedbytender,enlargedliverwithmalaise（不舒服）,feverandjaundice.
•Diagnosedbyhistoryandlaboratoryevaluation-liverfunctiontestsandviralserologies.（病毒血清学的检查）
•Treatmentdependsonetiology（病因，病原）ofdisease.
Pancreatitis（胰腺炎）
•Mostcommonlycausedbyalcoholism（50%）andgallstones（30%）obstructingthecommonbile.（胆汁）duct（管道）.
•Constantmid-epigastric（上腹部的）visceral（内脏的）painusuallyoccurringafteraheavymealoralcoholicbinge.
•Painmayradiatetotheback（50%）andisaccompaniedbynausea,vomitingandanorexia（厌食症）.
•Diagnosedbyamylase（淀粉酶）andlipase脂肪酶.ImagingbyCTscanmaybedesirableinsomecases.
LeftUpper
PepticUlcer（胃溃疡）
•Causedbyincreasedgastricacidproduction（胃酸容物）ordecreasedmucosal（粘膜的）protection.
•Increasedgastricacidproductionmaybecausedbyalcoholism（酒精中毒）orgastrinproducingtumor（Zollinger-EllisonSyndrome佐林格-埃利森综合征）.
•DecreasedmucosalprotectionmaybecausedbyoveruseofNSAID’s（非类固醇抗炎药）orbyinfectionwithHelicobacterpylori幽门螺旋杆菌.
•Painisvisceralandmaybecomesomatic（腹膜性疼痛）ifperforation（穿孔）occurs.Theremayberadiationtotheback.
•DiagnosedbyH.pyloriantigen（抗原）intheserum（血清）,endoscopy内镜检查
LeftLower
（卵巢囊肿不考。
。
）
RightLower
Appendicitis
•Causedbyobstructionoftheappendiceal（阑尾的）lumen（腔）
•Painstartsasperiumbilical（脐周的）andmigrates（迁移）totheRLQ（McBurney’sPoint）
•Isaccompaniedbynausea,vomitingandanorexia（厌食症）.Mayhavefever-especiallyifruptured.
•DiagnosedbyultrasoundorCTscan.
•Treatmentissurgicalandisanemergencyifruptured.
GeneralAbdominalPain
Somecausesofabdominalpainaregeneralizedandnotrestrictedtoanyspecificquadrant.
Gastritis（胃炎）
•Causedbyinflammationofthegastrointestinaltractbymicroorganisms（微生物）,radiation（放射物）andotherirritants（刺激物）.
•Describedasdiffuse（扩散）crampy（痉挛）痛abdominalpain.
•Oftenaccompaniedbydiarrhea,nausea,vomiting,dehydration（脱水）andfever.
•Diagnosisisbyhistoryandsoon
BowelObstruction（肠梗阻）
•Causedbyobstructionofthebowellumen（空腔）bymass,volvulus（肠扭转）,intussusception（肠套叠）aroundscar（伤疤）adhesions（粘连）.
•Painiscolickyinnature，accompaniedbyvomiting
•Maybeaccompaniedbywaterydiarrhea-
•Diagnosedbyabdominalx-rayslookingfordistended（膨胀的）loops环结ofbowelandair-fluidlevels（气液面）.
KidneyStones
•Causedbyobstructionoftheupperurinarytract（上泌尿道）byastonethatisinduced（导致）bydehydration（脱水）,infection,hypercalcemia（血钙过多）andothermetabolicimbalances.（代谢不平衡）
•Painisdescribedascolickyandlocatedanywherefromtheflank（侧面）tothegroin（腹股沟）.
•Diagnosedbyintravenouspyelogram（静脉注射肾盂造影图）,ultrasoundorCTscan.
AppropriateExam
Vital
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