中考宾语从句讲解及练习文档格式.docx
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如:
Idon’tthink(that)youareright.
Pleasetelluswhereheis.
CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?
2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,
过去完成时)。
Heaskedwhattimeitwas.
Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.
HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.
HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.
3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理,其时态常用一般现在时。
OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.
Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.
that
主句的谓语动词是say,think,tell,know,hear,see,feel,mean,hope,wish,remember,forget等时,或主句的谓语动词是由形容词afraid,glad,sure,sorry等作表语的系表结构时,后面常接that引导的宾语从句。
e.g.Hesaysthathewantstospeaktotheheadmaster.
I’msorry(that)heisn’thererightnow.
宾语从句需要注意的一些点:
1.
that的省略:
that引导的宾语从句用来陈述事实,that本身无词义,在从句中不作任何成分,在口语中或非正式文体中常常可被省略。
e.g.Iguess(that)somebodyelsehasborrowedit.
I’mafraid(that)you’llhavetowait.
以下情况下不能省略that
A.当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,可以省略第一个that,其他不能省略。
eg.Ibelieve(that)youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter.
B.当it作形式宾语时
eg.Shemadeitclearthatshehadnothingtodowithhim.
C.当宾语从句前置时
eg.Thatourteamwillwin,Ibelieve.
2.
宾语从句的否定转移:
主句是I/Wethink/suppose/guess/believe等时,从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。
如:
我认为鸡不会游泳。
误:
Ithinkchickenscannotswim.
正:
Idon’tthinkchickenscanswim.
此外,上述情况在变成反意疑问句时,附加疑问句要看从句,如果主句的主语不是第一人称,则附加疑问句要看主句。
试比较:
Ithinkheiswrong,isn’the?
Hethinksheisright,doesn’the?
if/whether
if/whether都可作宾语从句的引导词,意为“是否”,在一般情况下可以互换。
if多用于口语和非正式文体中,whether则多用于比较正式的文体中。
e.g.Sheaskedmeif/whetherIcouldhelpherwithherEnglish.
Idon’tknowif/whetheritisgoingtorain.
Note:
只用whether的六种情况:
在带to的动词不定式前
Hedoesn’tknowwhethertogotothecinemaortowatchTVathome.
在介词后
I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.
3.
直接与ornot连用时
Idon’tknowwhetherornottheywillcometohelpus.
4.
在动词discuss后面的宾语从句中
Wediscussedwhetherwouldhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.
5.
宾语从句提前时只能用whether
Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican’tsay.
6.
引导位于句首的主语从句或表语从句用whether
Whetherheisrightorwrongisaquestion.
难点:
1.避免重复出现连接代词或连接副词;
e.g.*Ican’tseethatwhatisoverthere.(应去掉that)
2.从句中的语序为陈述语序;
e.g.*Doyouknowhowoldisshe?
(应改为:
…howoldsheis)
3.从句中的时态与主句时态前后呼应。
e.g.*Shedidn’ttellmewhenshewillcome.(应改为:
…whenshewouldcome)
4.转换:
由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句可用疑问代词和疑问副词+动词不定式替代,进行句型
上的转换。
e.g.I’venoideawhatwe’regoingtodonext.=I’venoideawhattodonext.
CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothepostoffice?
=Couldyoutellmehowtogettothepostoffice?
宾语从句中的It
可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.
我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.
IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheget-together.
我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.
IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.
我每天写日记成了习惯.
Weallfinditimportantthatwe(should)makeaquickdecisionaboutthismater.
我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it
这类动词主要有:
hate,take,owe,have,seeto.
Ihateitwhentheywiththeirmouthsfulloffood.
我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.
Hewillhaveitthatourplanisreallypractical.
他会认为我们的计划确实可行.
Wetakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.
我们认为你会同意我们的.
Whenyoustarttheengine,youmustseetoitthatcarisinneutral.
开启发动机时,一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.
③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替
Weallconsiderwhatyousaidtobeunbelievable.
我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.
Wediscoveredwhatwehadlearnedtobevaluable.
我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.
宾语从句中考题练兵:
一、单项选择
()1.Idon’tthinkhewillcomehereontime,?
(重庆)
A.won’theB.willheC.doesheD.ishe
()2.Willyoupleasetellme?
(上海)
A.wherePudongAirportisB.howfarPudongAirportwas
C.howcanwegettoPudongAirportD.whenwasPudongAirportbuilt
()3.It’snotpolitetoaskpeopleinEngland.(常州)
A.howmuchmoneyyouhavegotB.whattheweatherislike
C.whatyourcitylookslikeD.howoldareyou
()4.Iwonderifhetonight.Ifhe,I’llletyouknow.(扬州)
A.willcome;
willcomeB.comes;
comes
C.willcome;
comesD.comes;
willcome
()5.Ican’tsayIwanttoseehimagain.Wehaven’tseeneachotherfornearlythreeyears.(镇江)
A.howlongB.howsoonC.howoftenD.howmuch
()6.Mr.GreentoldmethatheonatripnextSunday.(通化)
A.aregoingB.wasgoingC.willgoD.wouldgoing
()7.OurgeographyteachertoldusthatJapantheeastofChina.(河北)
A.isinB.wasinC.istoD.wasto
()8.Nobodyknowshe’llcomeornot.(辽宁)
A.thatB.ifC./D.whether
二、按要求改写句子
“Doyouwanttotrysomethingnew?
”Tom’smotheraskedhim.(改为复合句,句意不变)(济南)
Tom’smotheraskedhimtotrysomethingnew.
2.Couldyoutellmethewaytothestation?
(改写句子,句意不变)(青岛)
Couldyoutellmetothestation?
3.“Ihavefinishedmyhomework.”Johntoldme.(改为复合句,句意不变)(天津)
Johntoldmethathomework.
4.Idon’tknowhowIcanreachthezoo.(改为简单句)(宿迁)
Idon’tknowthezoo.
三、根据汉语提示,完成句子.
我还没有决定是否去参加迈克的生日聚会。
(黑龙江)
Ihaven’tdecidedIwillgotoMike’sbirthdayparty.
张清问他奶奶是否还要些面条。
(西安)
ZhangQingaskedhisgrandmashenoodles.
据说在南京长江上又建了一座桥。
(南京)
thatbridgeovertheChangjiangRiverinNanjing.
请你告诉我这把锁是用什么制成的好吗?
(无锡)
Wouldyoupleasetellme?
你能告诉我他从美国回来多久了?
Canyoutellme?
【提高练习】
I.从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。
1.Idon'
tknow_________hewillcometomorrow._________hecomes,I'
lltellyou.
A.if;
Whether
B.whether;
C.if;
That
D.if;
If
2.Idon'
tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.
A.whendoeshecome
B.howwillhecome
C.ifhecomes
D.whetherhe'
llcome
3.Couldyoutellme_________thenearesthospitalis?
A.what
B.how
C.whether
D.where
4.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp?
A.howdidhemend
B.whatdidhemend
C.howhemended
D.whathemended
5.Iwanttoknow_________.
A.whomisshelookingafter
B.whomsheislookingC.whomisshelooking
D.whomsheislookingafter
6.Doyouknowwhere_________now?
A.helives
B.doeshelive
C.helived
D.didhelive
7.Doyouknowwhattime_________?
A.thetrainleave
B.doesthetrainleave
C.willthetrainleave
D.thetrainleaves
8.Idon'
tknow_________.Canyoutellme,please?
A.howthetwoplayersareold
B.howoldarethetwoplayers
C.thetwoplayersarehowold
D.howoldthetwoplayersare
9.Thesmallchildrendon'
tknow_________.
A.whatistheirstockingsin
B.whatisintheirstockings
C.whereistheirstockingsin
D.whatintheirstockings
10.Ican'
tunderstand_________.
A.whatdoesChristmasmean
B.whatChristmasdoesmean
C.whatmeanChristmasdoes
D.whatChristmasmeans
11.Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.
A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake
12.Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.
A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen
13.Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___dictation
today.
A.hadB.has.C.willhaveD.are
14.SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.
A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay
15.Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.
A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travellsD.hadtravelled
16.Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?
A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that
17.Idon'
tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.
A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where
18.Ihardlyunderstand.___hehastoldme.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who
19Shedidn'
tknow___backsoon.
A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbe
20.Idon'
tknow_____hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.
A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when
21.Doyouknow_____theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?
A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow
22.Heaskedme_____toldmetheaccident.
AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose
II.按要求转换句型。
1.DoesMr.BrownenjoylivinginChina?
Couldyoutellus?
(改写句子)
→Couldyoutellus_________Mr.Brown_________livinginChina?
2."
Doesthegirlneedanyhelp?
”heaskedme.(变为复合句)
→Heaskedme_________thegirl_________somehelp.
3.Jimisnotastudent.Tomisnotastudent,either.(合并为一个句子)
_________Jim_________Tomisastudent.
4.Whendoesthetrainleave?
Iwanttoknow.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)
Iwanttoknow_________thetrain_________.
5.Theywenthomeaftertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework.(用not...until改写)
They_________gohome_________theyhadfinishedtheirhomework.
6.DidPetercomehereyesterday?
LiLeiwantstoknow.(改为含宾语从句的复合