articles for recitationWord文档下载推荐.docx

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ThereisagreatdealoflandinthefiftyUnitedStates,buttherearealsoagreatmanypeople.Wheredidthepeoplecomefrom?

ThefirstAmericanswereIndians.Todaythereareabout900,000AmericanIndians.ThereisonepartofthecountrywithanespeciallylargeIndianpopulation.Thatisthesouthwest.

NegroesfirstcametoAmericafromAfricaasslaves.PresidentLincolnfreedtheslavesin1863.AboutelevenpercentofthepresentpopulationareNegroes.

ThefirstimmigrantsinAmericanhistorycamefromEnglandandtheNetherlands.Soonimmigrantsbegantoarrivefrommanyothercountries,andtheyarestillarriving.In1790thenewnationhadfewerthanfourmillionpeople.Todaytherearemorethan210million.Theseincludepeoplefromeverypartoftheworld.

3.TheClimateoftheUnitedStates

TheUnitedStateshasmanydifferentkindsofclimate.Onthewestcoast,thetemperaturechangesverylittlebetweensummerandwinter,butthenorthcentralstateshaveaverydifferentkindofclimate.Inthosestates,peoplewearlightclothingduringthesummer,andtheyneedheavywoolorfurclothinginthewinter.

Inthesouthwest,theclimateispleasantlywarmduringthewinter,butthesummerisunpleasantlyhot.

IntheeasternpartoftheUntiedStates,summertemperaturesareverydifferentfromwintertemperatures.Summersareusuallyhot,andwintersareusuallycold.Springtemperaturesarecomfortablywarm,andfalltemperaturesarepleasantlycool.

Yearsago,peopleinthecoldpartsoftheUnitedStatesdidnotoftengetfreshvegetablesandfreshfruitsduringthewinter.Today,however,trucksandtrainscarryfruitsandvegetablesveryquicklytoallpartsoftheUnitedStates.Inthisway,Americans“sendtheirclimates”topeopleinotherstates.

4.HowDidtheStatesGetTheirNames?

PeoplewhovisittheUnitedStatessometimeswonderhowthestatesgottheirnames.SomeofthemostinterestingnamescamefromAmericanIndianlanguages.Forexample,IllinoiswasnamedfortheIndianswhousedtoliveinthatpartofthecountry.Intheirlanguage,Illinoismeans“BraveMen”.Connecticutmeans“AttheLongRiver-Mouth”inthelanguageoftheIndianswhousedtolivethere.

Twenty-fiveofthestateshaveIndiannames,butothernamesweretakenfromdifferentlanguages.GeorgiaandPennsylvaniahavenameswhichweretakenfromtheLatinlanguage.FloridaandColoradowerenamedbySpanishpeople.StateslikeNewHampshireandNewJerseywerenamedforplacesinEngland.

Thetwoneweststateshavenameswhichdidnotcomefromanyofthoselanguages.HawaiigotitsnamefromawordintheHawaiianlanguagewhichmeans“Homeland”.AlaskawasnamedbytheRussians,fromwhomAlaskawasboughtin1867.

5.SchoolsintheU.S.A.

IntheUnitedStates,boysandgirlsstartschoolwhentheyarefiveyearsold.Insomestatestheymuststayinschooluntiltheyaresixteen.Moststudentsareseventeenoreighteenyearsoldwhentheygraduatefromsecondaryschool.Anothernameforsecondaryschoolishighschool.

Mostchildrengotopublicelementaryandsecondaryschools.Theparentsofpublicschoolpupilsdonothavetopaydirectlyfortheirchildren’seducationbecausetaxmoneysupportsthepublicschools.Ifachildattendsaprivateschool,hisparentspaytheschoolforthechild’seducation.

Todayabouthalfofthehighschoolgraduatesgoontocollegesanduniversities.Somecollegesanduniversitiesreceivetaxmoneyfromthegovernment.Astudentatastateuniversitydoesnotnavetopayverymuchifhisparentsliveinthatstate.Privatecollegesanduniversitiesareexpensive,however.AlmosthalfofthecollegestudentsintheUnitedStatesworkwhiletheyarestudying.Whenastudent’sfamilyisnotrich,hehastoearnmoneyforpartofhiscollegeexpenses.

6.EcologyonaCollegeCampus

TheUniversityofCaliforniahasmanycampuses.OnecampusisinSantaCruz,California.SomeofthesantaCruzstudentsarelearningaboutecologybylivingonafarm.

Thesestudentsdonotliveinmodernbuildings.Theyliveintentsonthe17-acrefarmonwhichtheyraisefruitsandvegetableswithoutusingmachines.

Everymorning,beforetheygototheiruniversityclasses,thestudentsfeedthechickensandmilkthegoats.Theyreceivenopayfortheirwork,andtheydonotreceivecollegecredit,either.Theyareworkingonthefarmbecausetheywanttolearnabouttheland.

StephenKaffka,the24-year-oldmanagerofthefarm,says:

“It’saconsciousefforttofindanecologicalandsatisfyingmeansofbeinginthewould.”

7.WomenintheU.S.A.

ManyAmericanwomenareearningmoneyoutsidetheirhomestoday.Amongwomenwhoareeighteentosixty-fouryearsold,morethanfiftypercenthavejobs.

Ingeneral,workingwomenhavehadmoreeducationthanthosewhostayathome.Ofthosewhowork,thirty-twopercenthaveattendedcollege,comparedwithtwentypercentofthosewhodonothavejobs.

Amongwomenwithjobs,eightoutoftendriveacartowork,andeightpercenttookavacationawayformhomeduringthepastyear.Muchoftheirtravelingwasbyair.

Thesefigurescomefromareportwhichwaswrittenforadvertisers.Thereportgivesadvertisersanewpictureofwomentoday.Forinstance,ittellsadvertisersthatfifty-onepercentofallAmericanwomenhavetraveledbyair–alongwithfifty-ninepercentofallAmericanmen.

ThelessonforAmericanbusinessisthatmanywomennowhaveotherinterestsinadditiontotheirhomes.Theylikeadvertisementswhichshowwomeninoffice,planes,andcars.

8.Women’sLiberationintheU.S.A.

Peopleusedtosay:

Thehandthatrocksthecradle

Rulestheworld.

and

Behindeverysuccessfulman

There’sawoman.

Boththesesayingsmeanthesamething.Menruletheworld,buttheirmothersandwivesrulethem.

Somewomenstilllikemakingtheirhusbandsandsonssuccessful.Butsomewomenwantmoreforthemselves.Theywantgoodjobs.Whentheywork,theywantgoodpay.Theywanttobeassuccessfulasmen.

Todaythebestjobsarestillgiventomen.Evenwhenwomendothesamework,theyareoftenpaidlessthanmen.Womenwantthesethingschanged.

Thewomen’sliberationmovementwasstartedbywomenwhodidn’twanttostandbehindsuccessfulmen.Theywantedtostandbesidemen,withthesamechancesforsuccess.Themovementisquitenew,andmanyAmericanwomendonotagreewithitspurposes.Butithasalreadymadeseveralchangesinwomen’slives—andinmen’slives,too.

9.TwoGreatMenofScience

GeorgeWashingtonCarverandThomasAlvaEdisonwereAmericanscientistswhowerebornduringthenineteenthcentury.Carver,whowasblack,wasborninMissouriin1864.Althoughhisparentswereslaves,hewasabletogetacollegeeducation.AfterhegraduatedfromIowastateCollege,hedevelopedmanyimportantnewmethodsoffarming.Healsodiscoveredmanynewusesforfarmproducts.Hisdiscoveriesincluded300usesforpeanutsand200usesforsweetpotatoes.

Edison,whowasborninOhioin1847,wasnotagoodstudentwhenhewasayoungboy,sohisparentstookhimoutofschoolandhismothereducatedhimathome.Althoughhehatedschool,helovedscience.Oneday,heburneddownabarnwhilehewasconductingascientificexperiment.MostpeopleknowwhatagreatscientistEdisonbecame.His6,000inventionsincludedtheelectriclightbulb,thephonograph,andthemimeographmachine.

10.TheSundayNewspaper

ManypeoplegotochurchonSunday,butothersdon’t.ManysleeplateonSundaymorning,butothersdon’t.SomepeopleworkonSunday,butmostdon’t.However,almosteveryonereadstheSundaypaper.

Oftenthepaperiswaitingoutsidethedoorwhenthefamilygetsup.Thenewspaperboyhasdeliveredit.

TheSundaypaperisusuallyverythick.Ithasmanyadvertisementsandmanydifferentsections.Theadultsinthefamilylikethefrontpage,theeditorialpage,andtheworldnewssection.Manymenalsoreadthesportspagesandthefinancialpages.

Mostmendon’treadthewomen’spages,butthemotherofthefamilyusuallydoes.Thewomen’spageshavenewsaboutpartiesandmarriages,andadviceaboutfood,health,andclothes.

MostSundaypapershavecomics,whichchildrenenjoy.Olderpeoplereadthedeathnotices,whichtellaboutpeoplewhohavediedduringtheweek.

ThereissomethingforeveryoneintheSundaypaper.

11.AmericanYouth

MillionsofwordshavebeenwrittenaboutyoungpeopleintheUnitedStates.Therearereasonsforthisgreatinterestintheideas,feelings,andactionsofyouth.

TodaythereareaboutsevenmillionAmericansincollegesanduniversities.Youngpersonsundertwenty-fivemakeupnearlyhalfoftheAmericanpopulation.Manyofthesewillsoonbeinchargeofthenation.Naturallytheirideasareimportanttoeveryoneinthecountry,anditisnecessaryforolderpeopletounderstandwhattheythinkandfeel.

Collegestudentstodayhavestrongopinionsaboutrightandwrong.Theyaredeeplyinterestedinmakingabetterlifeforallpeople,especiallyforthosewhohavenotbeengivenafairchancebeforenow.Theyseemuchthatiswronginthe