论《诺桑觉寺》的反哥特观念Word格式.docx

论《诺桑觉寺》的反哥特观念Word格式.docx

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fortheDegreeofBachelorofArts

SchoolofForeignStudies

ShandongUniversityofFinanceandEconomics

May2012

Acknowledgements

Itwouldnotbepossibleformetocompletethethesiswithoutthegeneroushelpofmany.Firstandforemost,IwouldliketotakethisopportunitytoconveymysinceregratitudeandappreciationtomysupervisorDr.WangJunhua,underwhosesupervisionIhaveobtainedvaluableideasandprecioussuggestions.Heisveryintelligentonthesisinstructionandalsoshowshisgreatpatiencetomeduringmywriting.IalsowanttothankalltheteachersintheSchoolofForeignStudiesofShandongUniversityofFinanceandEconomicsfortheirbeneficialcoursesIhaveattendedduringmycollegelife.Besides,Iowemydeepthankstomyroommateswhohavebeenencouragingmeallthetime,andtomycolleaguesatJinanLongreForeignLanguageTrainingCenterwhowillinglytookmypartofdutiessothatIcouldhaveenoughtimeforthesiswriting.

L.X.H.

ABSTRACT

OnAnti-GothicisminNorthangerAbbey

LiXiaohui

NorthangerAbbey,oneofJaneAusten’sfamousworks,mainlytellsthestoryofaninnocentgirl,aGothicnovelfan,whotreatsherselfastheheroineofaGothicnovelandmakesmanyridiculousadventuresbytakingGothicstoriesasrealhappenings,butfinallylearnstodistinguishbetweentheimaginarylifeinnovelsandthereallifeofherown.ThenovelcriticizestheridiculousnessandmeaninglessnessofGothicnovelsinasatiricalway.ThethesisanalyzesAusten’sparodyofGothicplot,characterization,andtheheroine’sGothicadventuresinNorthangerAbbey,andarguesthattheworkrevealsheranti-GothicismthroughacomparisonwiththetypicalfeaturesofprevailingGothicnovelsinherage.

Keywords:

NorthangerAbbey;

JaneAusten;

anti-Gothicism

摘要

《诺桑觉寺》是奥斯汀的一部著名作品。

小说讲述了一位沉迷于哥特小说的天真女孩，把自己想象成作品的女主角，误把小说情节当做真实的生活，经历了一系列的荒谬历险；

但她最终走出幻想，学会了分辨哥特小说的荒诞情节和现实生活的区别。

小说以反讽的方式批评了哥特小说的可笑和荒诞。

本文通过分析该小说对哥特式情节和人物的戏仿以及女主角的哥特式历险，并与当时盛行的哥特小说的典型特征相对比，认为奥斯汀通过《诺桑觉寺》表达了自己的反哥特观念。

关键词：

《诺桑觉寺》；

奥斯汀；

反哥特

CONTENTS

Acknowledgements…………………………………………………ii

Abstract………………………………………………………….…iii

AbstractinChinese………………………………………………iv

Introduction…………………………………………………………1

ChapterOneGothicNovelsandNorthangerAbbey...…………3

I.OriginandDevelopmentofGothicNovels……………………3

II.Austen’sAttitudetowardsGothicNovels……………………5

ChapterTwoParodyofGothicPlotandCharacters…………..7

I.ParodyofGothicPlot…………………………………………7

II.ParodyofGothicCharacters…………………………………9

ChapterThreeCatherine’sAdventures………………………11

I.OntheWaytoNorthangerAbbey……………………………11

II.ThreeAdventuresinNorthangerAbbey…………………….12

.Catherine’sComingbacktoReality…………………………15

Conclusion…………..……………………………….……………16

WorksCited……………………………………………………..…17

如有三级标题，可以i.ii.iii.iv.编写，为简明，建议目录中尽量不要写三级标题，正文中可有三级标题。

注意各级标题大小写，确保目录中的标题、页码与正文中的标题、页码保持对应。

注意每段的首行缩进、行距、字体、字号等要保持全文一致

Introduction

JaneAusten（1775~1817）,wholivedattheturnofthe18thand19thcentury,isthemostdistinguishedaswellasthemostwidelyreadfemalenovelistinBritishliterature.ShewasbornonDecember16,1775,atSteventonrectoryinHampshire,England,anddiedinWinchesteronJuly18,1817,andwasburiedinWinchesterCathedral.Austenlivesinalargefamilywithsixbrothersandonesister.Herfather,GeorgeAustenwasarectorformuchofhislife.Hersister,CassandraElizabeth,washerbestfriend.Shewaseducatedprimarilybyherfatherandolderbrothers,andherownreadingalsohelpedalotwithherwriting.DuringAusten’seducationandwritinglife,herfatherwasthemostimportantguide,forhenotonlyprovidedherwithawell-stockedfamilylibrary,butalsosupportedherwritingwithmucheffort.Hehadcreatedademocraticandeasyintellectualatmosphereathome.Theyoftentalkedaboutdifferentpoliticalorsocialideas,andanypersonalopinionswouldbeacceptedanddiscussed.JaneAustenbegantowritewhenshewasonlyaboutthirteenandtheeverlastingsupportofherfamilywascrucialtoherdevelopmentasaprofessionalwriter.

Austen’spersonalexperienceshaveagreatinfluenceonherwriting.“Ofeventsherlifewassingularlybarren:

fewchangesandnogreatcrisisevenbrokethesmoothcurrentofitscourse”（James11）.Austen’sworksareusuallyconfinedtoalimitedcircle.InalettertohernephewEdward,Austenmadecommentsonherownworkas“[h]owcouldIpossiblyjointhemontothelittlebitofIvoryonwhichIworkwithsofineaBrush,asproduceslittleeffectaftermuchlabor?

”（Lefroy160）.LiuBingshanappraisedthat“[t]hecomparisonistrue.Theivorysurfaceissmallenough,butthewomanwhomadedrawingsofhumanlifeonitisarealartist”（309）.SomecriticsaccuseJaneAustenofwritingwithanarrowvision,andthathernovelsareallaboutlove,marriage,moneyandrichrelations,butAusten’sworksshowtheirvaluesonreflectingthesocialrealitiesofherday.AsZhangDingquanandWuGangcommentintheirbookthat“her[JaneAusten’s]uniquesensitivitytohumanemotions,hercarefulobservation…madeheroneofthefinestnovelistsoftheage”（202）.

Austenwrotesixcompletenovelsduringherliterarycareer.Theyare:

SenseandSensibility（1811）;

PrideandPrejudice（1813）;

MansfieldPark（1814）;

Emma（1816）;

NorthangerAbbey（1818）;

andPersuasion（1818）.Herliteraryworkshavebeenattractingmoreandmorereadersfromhomeandabroadsincetheirpublication.JaneAustenisconsideredas“ageniusthatappealstoanygeneration”（Qiaoiv）.TheBritishfemalewriterVirginiaWoolfsaidthat“[o]fallgreatnovelists,JaneAustenisthemostdifficulttocatchintheactofgreatness”（Zhu5）.

TheworkdiscussedinthisthesisisNorthangerAbbey,whichtellsastoryofthenaiveprotagonistwithaveryover-activeimagination,CatherineMorland,aGothicnovelaficionado,whotreatsherselfastheheroineofaGothicnovel,takesstoriesinGothicnovelsashappenedinherreallifeandmakesmanyridiculousadventures,butfinallylearnstodistinguishbetweentheimaginarylifeinGothicnovelsandherownordinarylifesituations.AlthoughNorthangerAbbeywasthefirsttobecompletedbyJaneAusten,ithadneitherbeengivenenoughattentionnorbeenadequatelystudiedforsomeconsiderabletimeinthepast.Infact,NorthangerAbbeyhasitsuniqueresearchvalue,particularlytheauthor’sattitudetowardsGothicnovels,whichhasarousedmoreandmorecriticalattentionanddebatesinrecentyears（seeChapterOne）.

ThisthesisarguesthatNorthangerAbbeyshowsJaneAusten’santi-GothicismthroughhersatiricalcriticismoftheprevailingGothicnovelsinhertimes.InadditiontoIntroductionandConclusion,thethesisconsistsofthreechapters.ThefirstchapterbrieflyintroducesGothicnovels,illustratesdifferentviewpointsontherelationshipbetweenNorthangerAbbeyandGothicnovelsasdiscussedbysomecriticsandscholars.ThesecondchapteranalysesJaneAusten’sparodicanti-GothicismbycomparingtheplotarrangementandcharacterizationofthenovelwiththatofGothicnovels.ThethirdchapterdiscussesJaneAusten’scriticismofGothicnovelsthroughfocusingonCatherine’sridiculousadventures.

ChapterOne

GothicNovelsandNorthangerAbbey

NorthangerAbbeyisaparodyofGothicnovels.Thefirstpartofthischapterbrieflyintroducestheorigin,developmentandtypicalfeaturesofGothicnovels;

thesecondpartmainlyillustratesdifferentviewpointsonAusten’sattitudetowardsGothicnovels.

.OriginandDevelopmentofGothicNovels

Theword“Goth,”comingfromthenameofanancienttribeinEurope,anditsderivativeform“Gothic,”whichremindspeopleofmysticism,terror,anddark,werefrequentlyusedtodescribemedievalthingsinthe18thcentury.Accordingtoahighly-populardictionary,theword“Gothic”means

akindofarchitecturebuiltinthestylethatwaspopularinWesternEuropefromthe12thcenturytothe16thcenturies,andwhichhaspointedarches,windows,andtallthinpillarsandanovelwritteninthestylepopularinthe18thand19thcenturies,whichdescribedromanticadventuresinmysteriousorfrighteningsurroundings.（Hornby883）注意引语段格式

Nowitgenerallyreferstoagenreofliterature,whichis“fullofdepictsofmurdersandsupernaturalthingstothrillreaders”（Han36）,combinesbothhorrorandromanceand“dealswiththestrange,mysterious,andsupernaturaldesignedtoinvokesuspenseandterrorinreaders”（Zhao283）.

Fromtheabovequotes,itisknownthatsomebasicelementsinGothicnovelsinclude:

settinginacastle,whichoftencontainssecretpassagesandstaircases,darkorhiddenrooms;

anatmosphereofmysteryandsuspensethatarousesfearandterror;

supernaturalevents,suchasghostsorunknowngiantscomingtohumanlife;

highandoverwroughtemotion,likeanger,sorrow,especiallyterrorfromwhichthecharacterssuffer;

heroineindistress,whichappealstothesympathyofthereaders;

andromance,suchaspowerfullovebetweentheheroineandthehero.

ThefirstGothicnovelisTheCastleofOtranto:

AGothicStory,writtenbytheEnglishauthorHoraceWalpole.Theworkisremarkablebecauseitisthefirstattempttofind“ataleofamusingfictionuponthebasisoftheancientromanceofchivalry”（Walter115）andit“start[s]afashionandset[s]anexampleforotherGothicnovelists”（Zhang5）.Inaddition,thenovelwas“anattempttoblendthetwokindsofromance,theancientandthemodern”（Horace19）.HoraceWalpoleopensthedoorofGothicnovelsandalotofotherGothicnovelistsfollowsuit.Amongthem,