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Unit8ChineseLiterature
Warm-upActivity
Questionsfordiscussion:
1)Lookatthefollowingpictures.TheyareallillustrationsofthefamousstoriesofthefourgreatnovelsofChineseliterature.Doyouknoworcanyoutellanyofthesestories?
a.
Story1:
颐和园长廊上的彩绘:
桃园三结义
2008-04拍摄,绘画年代大约于19世纪末
OathofthePeachGarden
TheOathofthePeachGarden(桃园三结义)wasanoathinthehistoricalnovelRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms,bywhichthethreewarriorsLiuBei,GuanYu,andZhangFeibecameswornbrothersinaceremonyamidpeachblossomtrees.TheoriginalgoalofthePeachGardenOathwastoprotecttheHanDynastyfromtheYellowTurbans.ThisactboundthethreekeymenofthefutureShu-HanKingdomofChinaandisoftenalludedtoasasymboloffraternalloyalty.Nothinginhistoricalrecordssuggestsuchaneventhappened,thoughthethreewerenotedtobeclose,tothepointofsharingthesamebed.
Theoath,asitappearsintheWikisourcetranslationofRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms/Chapter1,wasthis:
WhensayingthenamesLiuBei,GuanYuandZhangFei,althoughthesurnamesaredifferent,yetwehavecometogetherasbrothers.Fromthisdayforward,weshalljoinforcesforacommonpurpose,andcometoeachother'saidintimesofcrisis.Weshallavengethenationfromabove,andpacifythecitizenryfrombelow.Weseeknottobebornonthesameday,inthesamemonthandinthesameyear.Wemerelyhopetodieonthesameday,inthesamemonthandinthesameyear.Maythegodsofheavenandearthattesttowhatisinourhearts.Ifweshouldeverdoanythingtobetrayourfriendship,maythegodsinheavenstrikeusdead.
Inmanyothertranslations,onlythesectiondealingwith"dyingontheselfsameday"ispresent.However,thethreebrothersdonotdieonthesameday:
GuanYuisexecutedbySunQuan,ZhangFeiisassassinatedbyhisownmenwhomhetreatedwithcruelty,andLiuBeidiesofillnessafterthedisastrousattemptstoavengeGuanYuandreclaimtheprovinceofJing.
TheoathinspiredthepresentdaysecretsocietiesinChinesecommunities,suchastheTriad,touseasimilarritualwhenswearinginnewmembers."Thoughnotbornonthesamedayofthesamemonthinthesameyear,wehopetodieso"—thephrasethethreebrothersmadeduringtheoath—hadalsobecomepopularamongthepresentdaysecretsocietymembers.(392words)
(http:
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_of_the_Peach_Garden)
Story2:
颐和园长廊彩绘中的徐庶荐诸葛(三顾茅庐)故事
2008-04拍摄,绘画年代大约于19世纪末
ThreeVisitstotheThatchedCottage
AftertheyhadbecomeswornbrothersatTaoyuan,LiuBei,GuanYuandZhangFeimadeconcertedeffortstorestoretheHanDynasty.Buttheyfeltthatitwouldbeimpossibletodoitwithoutthehelpofasmartadviser.TheLiu-Guan-ZhangalliancelaterwononebattleafteranotherthankstotheadviceofXuShu.Butbeforelong,XuhadtosurrendertotheopposingcampofCaoCaoinordertosavethelifeofhismotherwhowasabductedbytheCaotroops.Beforeheleft,XuShurecommendedZhugeLiangtothebrothers.
AccompaniedbyGuanYuandZhangFei,LiuBeiwenttoWolongganginLongzhonginthehopeofinvitingZhugeLiangtobetheirmilitaryadviser.ButZhuge'sservantsaid:
"TheMentorleftinthemorning."LiuBeiaskedtheservanttoforwardtoZhugeLianghismessagethatthebrothershadcometovisithim.Afterthat,Liurodehishorseaway,returninghomesullenly.AfewdayslaterwhenhelearnedthatZhugeLiangwasathome,LiuBeiwentforanothervisitalongwithGuanYuandZhangFei.Theservantsaid:
"TheMentorisreadingbooksathisthatchedcottage."Liurequestedtoseehim.WhentheylearnedthattheonereadingbooksatthethatchedcottagewasnotZhugeLianghimselfbuthisbrotherZhugeJun,theLiu-Guan-Zhangbrothersleftalettertoexpresstheiradmirationandthenbravedheavysnowstoreturnhome.
NotlongaftertheyreturnedtotheirbarracksatXinye,LiuBeiwantedtovisitZhugeLiang'sthatchedcottageoncemore.ButGuanYudissuadedLiufromgoingbysayingthatperhapsZhugeLiangwasnotassmartasexpectedandthathewassimplydodgingthevisitingbrothersforthat.ZhangFeisaid:
"Youdon'tneedtogo.I'lltiehimupandforcehimtocomeandseeyouinstead."LiuBeilostnotimeintellinghisbrothersthestoryofKingWenbentonvisitingoneofhissubjectscalledJiangZiya.Liu,GuanandZhang,therefore,paidathirdvisittoWolonggang.Theyhadnosoonerarrivedthantheservantsaid:
"TheMentorissleeping."LiuBeiwaiteduntilZhugeLiangwasawakeanddressed.Finally,heconsentedtoseethebrothers.LiuBeipaidthreevisitstothethatchedcottagewithoutcomplaint.HefinallysucceededininvitingZhugeLiangtobehismilitaryadviserandtohelpthebrothersintheircause.(416words)
三顾茅庐
《三国演义》中的故事。
刘备、关羽、张飞自桃园结义后,虽整天东奔西跑,但因缺少谋士,总觉得恢复汉朝天下无望。
后来得徐庶帮助,连打胜仗。
徐庶为救母无奈去了曹营。
临走推荐了诸葛亮。
一