复习最后阶段一些作家及阶段特征Word格式文档下载.docx

复习最后阶段一些作家及阶段特征Word格式文档下载.docx

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Inthegivenexample,Portia,Bassanio’snewly-marriedwife,disguisedasalawyertotakechargeofthecase.Portiaandaudienceknowallthis,butbassanioisignorantofit.SowhenBassaniooffersinfrontofhisdisguisedwifeandsacrificeherinordertodeliverAntonio,hemakehimselfbehaveinaridiculouswayintheeyesoftheaudience.Thusaneffectofdramaticironyisachieved.

NovumOrganum---FrancisBacon

A.It’sanargumentfortheinductivereasoninginplaceofAristoteliandeductivereasoning.

B.Thedeductivereasoningonlystatesthefact,notcapableofdiscovery,whiletheinductivereasoning,althoughstartwithhypothesisanddevelopingwithexperiments,mayleadtothediscoveryoftrueknowledge.

Pilgrim’sprogress---JohnBunyan

It’sconcernsthesearchforspiritualsalvation.

Thelifeisajourneyisthepredominantmetaphorinthework.

Theauthor’spurposeistourgepeopletoabidebyChristiandoctrinesandseeksalvationthroughconstantstruggleswiththeirownweaknessandallkindsofevils.

Death,Benotproud---JohnDonne

Thetwolinesexpresstheideathatthereisnothingfrighteningindeath.Thoughwemaydie,wecankeepalivespirituallyforever.

EnglishLiterature---Neoclassicism

Elegywritteninacountrychurchyard–ThomasGray

Inthispoem,Grayreflectsondeath,thesorrowsoflife,andthemysteriousofhumanlifewithatouchofhispersonalmelancholy.Thepoetcomparesthecommonfolkwiththegreatones,wonderingwhatthecommonscouldhaveachievediftheyhadhadthechance.Hereherevealshissympathyforthepoorandunknown,butmocksthegreatoneswhodespisethepoorandbringhavoconthem.

Thispassageisaboutman’sinevitabledeath.Nomatterwhatfamilyyouarefrom,whatpoweryouhavegot,whatbeautyandwealthyouhavepossessed,shouldnotfeelconceitedandself-important,Forsoonerorlateryouwillhaveleavethosematerialthingsbehind,youcan’tbringthemallintotheotherworldwhenyoudie.Sincedeathawaitseveryoneandyourgloriouslifeleadyouontothegrave,what’stheuseoffightingforallthosematerialinterests?

EnglishLiterature---Romanticism

LyricalBallads---Williamwordsworth&

SamuelTaylorColeridge

1.Inthispoem,W.wordsworthandS.T.Coleridgeexplorednewtheoriesandinnovatednewtechniquesinpoetrywriting.

2.TheprefacetotheLyricalballadsactsasamanifestotothenewschool.Inthepreface,wordsworthdefinesthepoetryandpoets.

3.Wordsworth‘spoemsinthisbookdifferinmarkedwaysfromhisearlypoetry,simplicityofthelanguage,sympathyforthepoorandexpressionsoftheinwardstatesofmind.

DiscussthedifferencebetweenNeo-classismandromanticism

A.Neoupheldthattheartisticidealsshouldbeorder,logic,restrainedemotionandaccuracy,andthattheliteratureshouldbejudgedintermofit’sservicetohumanity,andthusliteraryexpressionsshouldbeofproportion,harmony,grace.Pope’sAnessayoncriticismadvocatesgrace,wit（usuallythroughsatire）,andsimplicityinlanguage（andthepoemitselfisademonstrationofthoseideals）Fielding’Tomjoneshelpedestablishtheformofnovel,Gray’sElegywritteninacountrychurchyard’sdisplayseleganceinstyle,serioustone,unifiedstructure,moralinstruction.

B.Romtendtoseetheindividualattheverycenterofallexperience,includingart,andthus,literacyworkshouldbe“spantenousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings”andnomatterhowfragmentarythoeseexperienceswere（W.wordsworth’s“Iwanderedlonelyasacloud”or“Thesolitaryreaper”SamuelTaylorCloridge’sKublaKhan）,thevalueoftheworkliedintheaccuracyofpresentingthoeseuniquefeelingsandparticularattitudes.

C.Inaword,theNeoemphasizedrationalityandformbutRomattachedgreatimportancetotheindividual’smind（emotion,imagination,temporaryexperience）

Shedeweltamongtheuntroddenways---Williamwordsworth

BycontrastingacountrygirlLucytoaviolet,theauthorintendstoshowherqualityofbeautyandhervirtuewhichareoftenneglectedbycommonpeoplejustlikeawildflowerbloomingbyanuntroddenroad.

ComposeduponWestminsterBridge,September3,1802----W.wordsworth

Thefouthlinesexpressestheideathattheriverisflowinghappilylikealivingthing,whichimpliesthebeautyforthenature.

Enlighliterature—Victorian

WutheringHeights---EmilyBronte

ThereasonforCathrinebetrayalmaybe:

A.ThefancyshefeltforLinton,that’s,shewasattractedbyLinton’spleasantpersonality,hisrichknowledge,elegantmanners.

B.Hervainglorymadeherdesireakindofupper-classlifeandsocialstatus.

C.Shewasafraidthatshemightsufferpovertyanddegradeifshehadgotmarriedtoheathcliff

D.ShefanciedthatifshegotmarriedwithLinton,shemighthavethemeanstohelpHeathcliffingettingagoodeducationandbecomingagentlemansothattheycouldbeunitedwithoutbeingdegraded.

Thenovelisariddlewhichmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Fromthesocialpointofview,it’sastoryaboutapoormanabused,betrayedanddistortedbyhissocialbettersbecauseheispoornobody.Asalovestory,thisisoneofthemostmoving:

thepassionbetweenHeathcliffandCatherineprovesthemostintense,mostbeautifulandatthesametimethemosthorriblepassionevertobefoundpossibleinhumanbeings.

TherearecomplicagtednarrativelevelsinWutheringHeights.ThemainstorywastoldbyNelly,C’soldnurse,toMrLockwood,atemporarytenantatGrange.ThelattergivesanaccountofwhatheseesatWutheringHeights.InthemainnarrativebyNellyinsertsthesub-narrativetoldthroughIsabella‘slettertoNelly.Whilethecentralinterestismaintained,thesequenceofitsdevelopmentisconstantlydisorderedbyflashbacks.Thismakesthestorymoreenticingandgenuine.

PrideandPrejudice---JaneAusten

Motivation1.:

Topursuematerialinterestthroughmarriage,Wickham,MissBingleyandcharlotteLucas

M2:

Tosearchforsensualpleasureandbeauty,LydiaandMr.Bennet

M3:

Tosearchfortureloveandalsotakepersonalmeritsandfinancialpositionintoconsideration.ElizabethBennetisatypicalexampleofthiskind

M4.Austencelebratedthethirdkindofmotivationofmarriagewhilecriticizingthefirsttwowrongmotiviation.

Elizabeth’scharacters:

1.Sheisclever,alert,observant.SheismoreobservantandlesscharitablethanJaneinrecognizingthecharactersofBingley’ssisters.

2.Fearlessandfrank,notrattledbytheattackofLadycathrine,shewinsanotablevictorysendingherladyshipawaycompletelyrouted.Sheisindependentbutnotinfallibleinherjudgement-takeninbythecharmoftheworthlesswickham,shecan’tbeblamedformisjudgingDarcy.

3.Sheisabletocontrolheremotionsattimesofstress---whenshefirstencountersDarcyatPemberley,whensherealizethatshelovesDarcyandhasgoodreasontofearthatshehaslosthim,shewaitswithoutrepiningfortimetobringasolution.

4.Sheisconsiderationofothersbutquitecapbleofassertingherselfwhtnoccasiondemands.

ThedifferencebetweenAlfredTennysonandRobertBrowning

A.Tennysonhasanaturepoweroflinkingvisualpictureswithmusicalexpressions,andthesetwowiththefeeling.HehasperfectcontrolofthesoundofEnglish,andasensitiveear,anexcellentchoiceandtasteofwords.Hispoetryisrichinpoeticimagesandmelodiouslanguage,andnotedforitslyricalbeautyandmetricalcharm.

B.Browningchooseadramaticmonologueoracrisis,inwhichhischaractersaremadetotalkabouttheirlives,andabouttheirmindsandhearts.Hispoetryisnoteasytoread.Hisrhythmsareoftentoofast,tooroughandunmusical.Thesyntaxisusuallyclippedandhighlycompressed.Thesimilesandillustrationsappeartooprofusely.Theallusionsandimplicationsaresometimesoddandfarfetched.

EnglishLiterature---Modernism

ThelovesongofJ.Alfredprufrock—T.SEliot

Itpresentsthemeditationofanagingyoungmanoverthebusinessofproposingmarriage.Thepoemisinaformofdramaticmonologue,suggestionanironiccontrastbetweenapretended“lovesong”andaconfessionofthespeaker’sincapabilityoffacinguptoloveandtothelifeinasterileupper-classworld.

DiscussthesymbolisminAraby（Dubliner）---JamesJoyce

A.“shortwinter’sday”thestreetof“blindend”,“darkmuddylanes““darkdrippinggardens”andmanyotherforetelltheinevitablefailureoftheboy’sattempttoreachhisdesire.

B.Mangan’ssister,forwhomtheboyhadtenderfeelings,symbolizeshope/aspiration,butshewassymbolicallyconfined（Havearetreatinherconvent）

C.Thejourneytobazaarisaquestforthefulfillmentoftheaspiration,butthejourneywas“intolerably”delayed,andwhentheboygottobazaar,halfofitwasalreadydark.What’smore,theyoungladyatthedoorofastallwasnotencouraging,andspoketotheboy“outofsenseofduty”,whentheupperpartofthehallwasdark,theboy’sdisillusionmentwasannounced.Andthus,GazingupintothedarknessIsawmyselfasacreaturedrivenandderidedbyvanity.andmyeyesburnedwithanguishand