聊斋志异文化观外文文献翻译中英文参考文档格式.docx
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HouJiaying.ChinaToday,Oct2007,Vol.56Issue10,p62-66
英文原文
Goodfox,badfox
Inthe2,000yearsofChineseparables,thefoxhasalwaysbeenapopularcharacter.Forthefirsttime,theyappearedbeforetheirprototypes.Theywerebothkindandvicious.Theygraduallyingestedpeople'
ssoulsbypretendingtobeglamorousandcharmingyoungwomen.
IntheMingDynasty（1368-1644）,thefamouswriterPuSongling'
sstoryaboutthefoxwasdescribedinhisfamousStrangeStories.Hemodeledthemasbeautifulcreatures,reflectinghumanloyalty,love,generosity,justiceandwillingness.Thevirtueofhelpingothers.Inthepastthreecenturies,readerswhoreadPuSongling'
sworkshavealreadyregardedthesecharactersas"
foxspirits"
ratherthan"
.
MaRuifang,aChinesescholarandexpertprofessor,devotedhimselftothestudyofStrangeTalesofLiaozhai,andservedasahosttointerviewprofessorsfromtheUniversityofChicago.Atthattime,twoprofessorswhostudiedPuSongling’sworkexpressedgreatsurprises.Howdidthe17th-centuryChinesewritercreatethemostfamousstoryaboutfoxesinthestoryof“HengNiang”,the“GhostMother,”the“GhostStory”ofthe500most-knownstoriesintheChinesesocietythatwasdeeplyrootedinthefeudalsystematthattime.Theimplicitsuggestiontohiswifeisthattheyshouldusewomen'
stendernesstoensurethattheirspouse'
spassionispermanent,justaslawyersrelyonAmericannewspapersandmagazinesinthe1980stoseekoutopposite-sexfriends.
Theidealworldforwomen
Theplotin“HengNiang”isaclassicloveofhusband,wifeandmistress.HengNiangisakindfoxandisalsoahumanwife.ShehasaneighborcalledHongDaye.HongDayihasonewifeandonewife.ThewifeZhuisfarmorebeautifulthanthelittleone,butsheisonlyslightlyolderthanhergrandmother.However,tothesurpriseofZhu,itisherhusbandHongKongthatlovesher.Inthesameway,HengNiang’shusbandalsohasasmallsister,whoisobviouslyyoungerandmorebeautifulthanHengNiang,buthestilllovesherwifedeeply.WhenZhuaskedHengniangwhyshewaslikethis,Hengniangtoldherthatitwashumannaturetoabandonoldthings,pursuenewthings,cravingforsomethingthatwasnotavailableandfullofmysteries.AtHengniang'
ssuggestion,Zhuwilltakealenientandgenerousattitudetowardsherhusbandandsister-in-lawoverthenextmonth,allowingthemtospenddaysandnightstogether.HengNiangalsosuggestedthatChushouldchangeherappearance.Inthenextmonth,trynottodressup,wearoldclothes,andkeepyourselfbusywithhousework.Butonthelastdayofthemonth,shewillputonnewclothes,newshoes,designabeautifulhairstyle,anddressherselfup.JustasHengNianghadexpected,thelightoflovereturnedtotheeyesofHongDaye.WhenhesawZhu,andbeforeduskcame,hewouldknockZhu'
sdoor.However,ZhustillcompliedwithHengniang'
ssuggestion,usingfatigueasanexcusetogentlybutfirmlyrejectedhim.Thenextday,shefollowedthesamestrategy.Onthethirdday,thesunhadnotyetlanded,andthegreatcauseslippedintoherroomandwaitedfordarkness.Thatevening,thecouplehadspentthehappiestnightsincetheirwedding.Afterwards,whenthegreatcauseaskedherifhecouldspendtheeveningwithher,Zhuexpressedoppositionandtoldhimthathemustwaitanotherthreedaysbeforeallowinghimtoenterthehouseagain.
ZhuispleasedtotellHengnianthatshehasregainedhergreatbusinesssuccess.HengNiangtoldZhutocontinuetousethefemaletricksshetaughtherbecausealthoughZhuisverybeautiful,shelacksfemininity,soherhusband’spassionisbeingrevivedandcanonlybeshort-lived.HengNiangexplainedthatcharmincludesawoman'
slifestyle,variousbehaviors,suchasthewayshewalks,thewayshespeaks,andevenherhusband'
seyes.HengNianginstructsZhuonallproperfemalehabitsandtellshertopractiseherselfinfrontofthemirroreveryday.Inthiscase,ofcourse,Zhueventuallywonbackthehusband'
sloyallove.ThecharismamentionedbyHengNiangwasdefinedbythefamouswriterandpoetLuoBinwangoftheTangDynasty（618-907）as“TheCharmofFox”1,000yearsago.HecreatedthiswordandgaveititshiddenmeaninginaproseaboutEmpressWuZetianwhoconvictedhim.Inanycase,theQueenshouldfeelhonored,notprovokedbythisallusion.
Anotherstoryaboutfoxin“GhostStallion”-Jiaona.Thisstorypraisesthesincerefriendshipandlovebetweenmanandfox.Whenayoungscholar,KongXueyu,becameseriouslyill,hisfriend,afox,advisedhimtolethissisterJiaonacurehim.Ayoungwomanwhoseimageandwayofdoingthingsislikethegraceofawillow,fulloftendernessanddazzlingwisdom,appearingaroundhim.JiaoNadidasurgicaloperationforConsonandfedanelixirofelixirintohismouth.Thismedicinewasdepletedofherlifeenergyandcarefullycultivated.WhenConfuciusresumedconsciousness,hefellinlovewiththegentleness,quietness,beauty,andloveofthisyoungwoman.Therefore,ConfuciusrequestedJiaoNa’sbrothertomarryher.However,becauseJiaonawastooyoungtomarry,herfamilymadeherthanherbigsisterSongNianginsteadofher.MatsugamiwasasbeautifulandkindasJiaona,andthecouplehadlivedahappyandhappylife.
Afewyearslater,Kong'
sfriend,foxcousin,toldhimthattherewasathunderstormthatwouldcometotheirhomeandthattheywouldallbedestroyedunlessKongShengcouldrescuethem.Inspiteofhisownsafety,KongXueyiimmediatelyrespondedtohisrequest.Onthatstormynight,KongShouheldaswordandguardedtheentrancetothecavewherethefoxfamilylived.Suddenly,ablackwhirlwindcircledoutoftheholeandJiaonawasinthecenterofthehurricane.Confuciususedhisswordtomakeeveryefforttoinserttheblackwind.Intheend,Jiaonafelltothegroundandwassaved.AsKong’shelptoher,KongShengwasattackedbylightning.Afterwards,thestormsloweddownandtheskiesreturnedclear.Thefoxfamilywassafe,butConsonwasindanger.JiaoNasacrificedthelastelixiroflifethathadbeenmadewithathousandyearsofpracticeandspititinhislong-livedmouthandonceagainsavedhim.WithPersian'
sinsistence,thefoxfamilymovedtolivewithhim.Inordertoavoidmoredisasters,thefoxfamilylivedinseclusioninaquietcourtyard.ThegateofthecourtyardwasonlyopentoKongShengandSongNiang.Severalyearslater,KongShengandSongNiang’schildrengrewup,andhebecameagrey-hairedoldman.HemaintainedclosefriendshipwiththefoxcousinandthemarriedJiaonaandtheirfamily.
XiaoCuiisanotherlovelyfoxstory.Xiaocuiisaverycuteandlivelyfox,butherappearanceisaprettyyounglady.Oneday,hermothertookhertothehouseofasurnamedfamilytosteal.Sheseemedtowanttoabandonherdaughter.TheWangfamilyisalocalfamilywithaface,onlyonechild,anditisamentallyretardedperson.Hewasneitheraplaymatenoramanwillingtomarryhim,butXiaoTsuimadeagoodfriendwithhimandmarriedhim.AlthoughWangJiafirstlikedXiaoCui,herunrulymannerarousedtheirresentment.Theyoftenscoldedandreprimandedher,butXiaoCuiquietlyacceptedthistreatment.WhenWangWangwasframedbyhispoliticalopponents,XiaoCuiusedherwisdomtosavethewholefamilyindirestraits.Moreover,shealsocuredherhusband'
smentalillness.However,Xiaocuiknewthatherparents-in-lawcouldneveracceptherrebelliousattitudetowardthefeudalsystematthattime.Sheinadvertentlydiscoveredthatayoungwomanlookedlikeherandsecretlyarrangedforhertoreplacehimattheking’shouse.Beforesecretlyleaving,XiaoCuiadmittedtoherhusbandthatshewasactuallyafoxdaughter.Severaldecadesago,hermotherescapedthethunderrobberyunderWang'
srobe.Atthattime,Wangwasshelteringinatemple.AlthoughMasterWangdidnotrealizethathehadgiventhefoxmotherhelp,shefeltgratefulfortherewardshehadatthattime.ItisforthisreasonthatsheleftXiaocuiinhercare.
Evilfox
Rumorsareoftenusedtodescribefoxes.However,suchcleverandbeautifulcreaturesareoftendescribedinambiguityandhumility.Thereissuchanexampleintherumorsof"
tigertigers."
Thisisanallegoryofswindlersandrogues.Itmeansthattheywillbendotherstoboastoftheirpowerfulpower.ItsoriginwasastoryaboutthekingoftheChustatetwothousandyearsago.Thekingaskedhisminister:
"
TherearerumorsthatthenorthernprincesareafraidoftheChuLingYinZhaoshirt.Isthatreallyit?
"
Hisministeransweredtheking'
squestionthroughaparable:
ThekingoftheforesttigerseataWhenitjustcapturedthefox,thefoxtoldit:
Youcan'
teatmebecauseIhaveGod'
sinstructionsandletmebetheleaderofthebeast.Ifyoudon'
tbelieveme,thengowithmethroughtheforestandseeifThereareotheranimalsthatdaretoblockmypath."
Thetigeragreed.Sureenough,alltheanimalsfledfarwhentheywereclose.Thetigerdoesnotunderstandthatanimalsareafraidofit,notfoxes,thattheydarenoteatfoxes.
MinisterJiangYicontinuedtopointoutthattheking’sterritoriescoveranareaof2,500squarekilometers,andthemilitarypowerhasreachedamillionpeople.AllofthemareunderthecommandoftheShojoshirt.Thenorthernprincesareundoubtedlyafraidofthezhaoyishirts,buthispositionisastheking’smilitarypower'
scontrollerandsupremeimperialpower.JiangYiwarnedthatifthekingisforced,hisadvantagewillbeweakened.ThenthekinggraduallydilutedZhao'
smilitarypower.
Thescoldedfox
Sheistheleadingactressinthe"
GodList"
andisatypicalexampleoftheevilfox.
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