普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟考试英语试题含答案Word格式文档下载.docx
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Sometimeswemayfindthateveryweektherearealotofnewstoriesabouthowclimatechangeisaffectingtheplanet,ornewplanstobattleitseffects.Buttheconceptitselfisn'
tscientistshavebeenexploringquestionsaboutclimatechangeforalmost200years.
Theideaof“greenhousegases”goesbackto1824,whenJosephFourierwonderedwhatwasregulatingtheearth'
stemperature.Fourierconcludedthattheatmospheremustberesponsiblefor
containingtheheatabsorbedfromthesunanddescribeditasaboxwithaglasslid:
Aslightshinesthroughtheglass,theinsidegetswarmerasthelidtrapstheheat.AsFourier'
sideasspre
tobecalled“thegreenhouseeffect”.
Scientistscontinuedtostudythegreenhouseeffect.NotuntilaSwedishchemistnamedSvanteArrheniuscamealong,didscientistsunderstandhowglobalwarmingactuallyworks.Afteryearsofwork,Arrheniusdeterminedthatthelevelofcarbondioxideintheatmospheredidinfacthaveadirecteffectonglobaltemperatures.
ArrheniusfoundthatCO2,andothergasestrapradiation,whichwarmstheatmosphere.Arrheniuswasthefirsttosuspectthatburningcoalcouldcontributetothegreenhouseeffect.ButArrheniuswelcomedthewarmingeffectontheplanet.Atalecturelaterthatyear,Arrheniusnotedthatcreaturesofawarmerearth“mightliveunderamilderskyandinlessbarrensurroundings
WhileArrhenius'
findingswonhimthe1903NobelPrizeinchemistry,scientistskeptdebatingwhetherthegreenhouseeffectwasincreasinguntil1950,whenresearchersfinallybegantofindstrongdatasupportingit.Bytheendofthe1950s,Americanscientistshadbeensoundingthealarmonthelong-termconsequencesofclimatechange.ClimatechangeresearchhascomealongwaysinceFourierfirstdescribedthegreenhouseeffect—still,maybeArrheniusshouldhavebeenmorecareful
ofwhathewishedfor.
4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?
A.Theclimatechange.B.Thegreenhouseeffect.
C.Theatmosphere.D.Theheatfromthesun.
5.
Whendidthescientistsfirstfindevidenceforthebadeffectofglobalwarming?
knowledgethatthewomaninLeonardodaVinci'
msostseemstolookbackatobservers,followingthemwithher
yesnomatterwheretheystandintheroom.Butthiscommonknowledge
Anewstudyfindsthatthewomaninthepaintingisactuallylookingoutatananglethatdegreesofftotheobserver'
sright—welloutsideoftherangethatpeoplenormallybelievewhenthey
thinksomeoneislookingrightatthem.Inotherwords,saidthestudyauthor,Horstmann,lookingatyou.”Thisissomewhatironic,becausetheentirephenomenonofaperson凝视)in'
sgaz
aphotographorpaintingseemingtofollowthevieweriscalledthe“MonaLisaeffect”.
absolutelyreal,Horstmannsaid.Ifapersonisillustratedorphotographedlookingstraightahead,evenpeopleviewingtheportraitfromananglewillfeeltheyarebeinglookedat.Aslongastheangleoftheperson'
sgazeisnomorethanabout5degreesofftoeitherside,theMonaLisaeffectoccurs.
Horstmannandhisco-authorwerestudyingthiseffectforitsapplicationinthecreationofartificial-intelligenceavatars(虚拟头像)whenHorstmanntookalonglookatthe“MonaLisa”andrealizedshewasn'
tlookingathim.Tomakesureitwasn'
tjusthim,theresearchersasked24peoptoviewimagesofthe“MonaLisa”onacomputerscreen.
Sowhydopeoplerepeatthebeliefthathereyesseemtofollowtheviewer?
Horstmannisn'
t
sure.It'
spossibleh,esaid,thatpeoplehavethedesiretobelookedat,sotheythinkthewomanislookingstraightatthem.Ormaybethepeoplewhofirstcoinedtheterm“MonaLisaeffect”justthoughtitwasacoolname.
8.Whatisgenerallybelievedaboutthewomaninthepainting“MonaLisa”?
A.Sheattractstheviewerstolookback.
B.Sheseemsmysteriousbecauseofhereyes.
C.Shefixeshereyesonthebackoftheviewers.
D.Shelooksattheviewerswherevertheystand.
9.WhatgazerangeinapaintingwillcausetheMonaLisaeffect?
D.
C.
10.Whywastheexperimentinvolving24peopleconducted?
A.ToconfirmHorstmann'
sbelief.
B.Tocreateartificial-intelligenceavatars.
C.TocalculatetheangleofMonaLisa'
sgaze.
D.ToexplainhowtheMonaLisaeffectcanbeapplied.
11.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?
A.Horstmannthinksit'
scooltocointheterm“MonaLisaeffect”.
B.TheMonaLisaeffectcontributestothecreationofartificialintelligence.
C.FeelingbeinggazedatbyMonaLisamaybecausedbythedesireforattention.
D.Thepositionoftherulerintheexperimentwillinfluencetheviewers'
judgment.
D
Sparrowisafast-foodchainwith200restaurants.Someyearsago,thegrouptowhichSparrowbelongedwastakenoverbyanothercompany.AlthoughSparrowshowednosignofdeclining,thechainwasgenerallyinanunhealthystate.Withmoreandmorefast-foodconceptsreachingthemarket,theSparrowmenuhadtostruggleforattention.Andtomakemattersworse,itsnewownerhadnoplanstogiveitthefundsitrequired.
Sparrowfailedtogrowforanothertwoyears.UntilanewCEO,CarlPearson,decidedtobuildupitsmarketshare.Hedidasurvey,whichshowedthatconsumerswhoalreadyusedSparrowrestaurantswereextremelypositiveaboutthechain,whilecustomersofotherfast-foodchainswereunwillingtoturnawayfromthem.Sparrowhadtodevelopanewpromotionalcampaign.
PearsonfacedabattleoverthefutureoftheSparrowbrand.Thechain'
oswnernowfavoredrebrandingSparrowasMarcy'
srestaurants.Pearsonresisted,arguingforanadvertisingcampaign
designedtoconvincecustomersthatvisitstoSparrowrestaurantswerefun.Suchanattempttoestablishapositiverelationshipbetweenacompanyandthegeneralpublicwasunusualforthattime.Pearsonstronglybelievedthatnumberswerethekeytosuccess,ratherthancustomers'
spendingpower.Finally,theowneracceptedhisidea.
Thecampaignitselfchangedthetraditionaladvertisingstyleofthefast-foodindustry.TheTV
adsofSparrowfocusedonentertainmentandfeaturedoriginalsongsperformedbyavarietyofstars.Insteadofshowingthesuperiorityofaspecificproduct,theintentionwastoputSparrowintheheartsofpotentialcustomers.
PearsonalsomadeotherdecisionswhichhebelievedwouldcontributetothenewSparrowimage.Forexample,heofferedtolowertherentofanyrestaurantswhichachievedacertainincreaseintheirturnover(营业额).
Theseeffortspaidoff,andSparrowsoonbecameoneofthemostsuccessfulfast-foodchainsin
theregionswhereitoperated.
12.WhichwasoneoftheproblemsSparrowfacedbeforePearsonbecameCEO?
A.Thenumberofitscustomerswasdeclining.
B.Itscustomersfoundthefoodunhealthy.
C.Itwasinneedoffinancialsupport.
D.Mostofitsrestaurantswereclosed.
13.ForwhatpurposedidPearsonstarttheadvertisingcampaign?
A.Tobuildagoodrelationshipwiththepublic.
B.TostresstheunusualtraditionofSparrow.
C.Tolearnaboutcustomers'
spendingpower.
D.TomeetthechallengefromMarcy'
srestaurants.
14.WhatdoknowabouttheTVadsofSparrow?
A.Theychangedpeople'
sviewsonpopstars.
B.Theyamusedthepublicwithoriginalsongs.
C.Theyfocusedonthesuperiorityofitsproducts.
D.Theyinfluencedtheeatinghabitsoftheaudience.
15.WhatwasPearson'
sachievementasaCEO?
A.HemanagedtopayoffSparrow'
sdebts.
B.HemadeSparrowmuchmorecompetitive.
C.HehelpedSparrowtakeover