上海高考英语一模冲刺讲义11选10Word文件下载.docx
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prediction;
applicant;
specialty;
concept;
angle;
position;
philosophy;
candidate;
background;
alteration
动词:
plunge;
reveal;
count;
extend;
realize;
allow;
maximize;
distinguish;
contribute;
expose;
refer;
obtain;
divide;
conceal;
multiply;
calculate
形容词:
constant;
precious;
uncomfortable;
enthusiastic;
relevant;
unconditional;
initial;
basic;
cultural;
extraordinary;
private;
complicated;
suitable;
instant;
dependent;
flexible;
proper;
responsible;
extinct;
embarrassing;
accurate
副词:
repeatedly;
carefully;
properly;
doubly;
enormously;
merely;
regularly;
normally;
virtually;
annually;
equally;
efficiently;
physically
一词多性:
farm;
benefit;
mirror;
back;
average;
favor;
access;
challenge;
change;
respect;
figure;
monitor;
still;
balance;
approach
一词多义:
common;
conduct;
promote;
approach;
multiply
二.专题精讲
(选自2014年一模)
●一词多性:
普陀一模:
例:
They_49farmed_withbarehands,oftenlivedclosetohunger,andhadtofashiontoolsfromwoodandstone.
解析:
farm有名词(农场)和动词(干农活儿)两种词性,此处farm的形式和后面的lived,had是平行结构,应用过去时farmed。
青浦一模:
Whilebothhensandducks43benefitthegardenbyeatingpests...
benefit一词多性,此处作动词,全句译为:
母鸡和鸭子可以通过吃害虫给花园带来益处。
松江一模:
awaythat48mirrorstheircompanystandards
此处译为:
反映(mirror)公司水平的方式。
徐汇一模:
employeeswillgetitsmoney__46back__
getsth.back译为“拿回…”,back同时可以做动词,有词组:
backyouup,表示支持。
杨浦一模:
Originally,it42favored_candidateswithamilitaryflightbackground.
favor在这里作动词,表示“支持”。
闵行一模:
例1:
InMarchthe42releaseofalarge-scale,24-yearsurveygaveoneoftheclearestpicturesyetofthedeclineofAustralianandAsianshorebirds
release既可以做名词还可以做动词,此处做名词,表示“发布”。
例2:
...includingthelong-distancemigrants(候鸟)thataremostdifficultto43monitor.
monitor做名词表示“班长”,做动词表示“监管”,此处做动词用。
浦东一模:
Thisallowsthehospitaltoworkmoreeffectivelythanifweonly48approachproblemsoneway.
approach做名词表示“方法;
途径;
接近”,做动词表示“接近;
着手处理”,此处做动词用,表示“着手处理”
Havingmoremalenurseswillhelpcreateapositive__49balance__betweenmaleandfemalestaff,
balance既是名词也是动词,都表示“平衡”,此处做名词用。
●一词多义:
Ducksareimmunetosome41commondiseasesfoundinhens.
commondisease翻译成“常见疾病”,common同时可以译成“共同的”例如:
commongoal。
He42conductedgoodresearchonthecompany’scorebusiness.
conduct进行;
导电;
指挥,conduct在这里译为“进行、做”。
长宁一模:
Errorsanduncertainties42multiply__,cascadingupwardthroughachainofturbulentfeatures,
multiply大家熟悉的意思是乘法,本句考查增加,增多的意思。
Malenursescanbeagreathelpinkeepingpatients46stillwhiletheyreceivepainfultreatment
still有“.静止的、不动的。
仍然”的意思,此处表示“不动的”。
●固定搭配:
Herearesometipsto44maximizeyourchancesofgettingajob.
固定搭配:
maximizethechancesof,译为最大化做某事的可能性。
classesthatare__41relevant_totheirposition
与他们职位相关的等级,词组是berelevantto。
butalsofinduniquewaysto__41distinguish__themselvesfromtheharshcompetition.
这里需要一个动词原形,填distinguish和from搭配,表示“区别”。
闸北一模:
...sothatthestudentsmay46refer__tothesepointsforreflectionorfurtherresearch.
这里需要一个动词原形,和to搭配,表示“参考”。
三.专题过关
检测题:
(选自2014年崇明一模)
Directions:
Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.
A.spread
B.formal
C.chance
D.found
E.objective
F.experience
G.divisions
H.economical
I.respect
J.replaced
K.classroom
Theideaoftheyouthhostel(旅社)startedwithoneman:
RichardSchirrmann(1874-1961),aGermanschoolteacher,whofeltthattherewasaneedforovernightaccommodationforhisstudentsinorderthattheycouldseenewthingsandhavenewexperiencesoutsidethe__41__.
Hefeltthatonelearnsbyobserving,andtriedtomakehisdreamcometrueintheyear1909,whenhestartedprovidingaccommodationforhisstudentsininns,farmhousesandthelike.
ThefirstyouthhostelwasopenedinSchirrmann’sownschoolinAltena,afterwhichitwas__42__byapermanenthostelinAltenaCastle.Schirrmannwentonto__43__theGermanYouthHostelAssociationintheyear1919.Bythistime,theideaoftheyouthhostelhad__44__farandwide,alloverthelandsofEuropeandfurther.
Andthen,intheyear1932,a(n)__45__organizationcalledtheInternationalYouthHostelwasfoundedinAmsterdam,whichconsistedofyouthhostelsfromSwitzerland,Germany,Poland,theNetherlands,Norway,Britain,Ireland,France,Czechoslovakia,DenmarkandBelgium.RichardSchirrmannbecameitschairmanin1933.
Theideaoftheyouthhostelisforyoungpeoplewhoareonnaturetripstoget__46__accommodationinexchangeforsomemoneyandahelpinghandwiththedomesticchores(家务活).Thesehostelsweresaidtobuildcharacterandasenseofindependence,astheyouthwhostayedinthemgotthe__47__toseehowotherpeoplelivedaswellastohelptodowork.
Youthhostelsarealsoplacestomeetandmakenewfriends.Theyhavenoclass__48__andeveryonehastodotheirshare.Here,wealthandpositiondoesnothelpyougain__49__,butfriendlinessdoes.Thefriendlieryouare,themoreyoulearnfromthe__50__ofstayinginayouthhostel.
Keys:
41.K42.J43.D44.A45.B46.H47.C48.G49.I50.F
41:
由句意可知,在......的外面,因此classroom比较合适.
42:
be+edby被动形式,所以填replaced.
43:
goontodosth,因此此处应填动词原形。
由句意可知应当填found,继续成立hotel。
44:
此处应填动词的过去分词,要注意spread的过去分词就是原形,这一点较易错。
45:
冠词和名词中间可知应填形容词,修饰组织,可知应该用formal
46:
首先判断空格词性,accommodation前可填形容词,根据句意,青旅的主意是为自然旅行中的年轻人可以得到经济实惠的住宿,因此选economical符合题意。
47:
getthe______todosth,可知应该填一个名词,在方框中所剩的名词中筛选,chance符合句意。
48:
此处空格前的class应该理解为阶级,因此division比较合适,句意为“他们没有阶级区分,每个人都要彼此分享。
49:
gain后面应跟名词,难点在于respect即可做动词也可做名词,此处考生较易忽略respect的名词意。
50:
通过词性判断,可知此处应为名词,另根据句意,可知应是从经验中学习,因此是experience。
一.专题知识梳理
●现在分词的考查:
Motor-carscoverahundredmilesinlittlemorethananhour,whilecomputersoperateat_42lightning__speed.
本句考查现在分词作定语的用法,lightingspeed形容光速或极快的速度。
宝山一模:
Chancesareyou’llseeplentyofthemwiththeirheadsdown,tappingthescreensoftheirtabletsor41textingontheirsmartphones.
本句中的texting与tapping都是现在分词作伴随状语的用法。
Whenusingatablet,useacasethatcanbackupthedeviceatcomfortable49viewingangle.
本句的viewing与comfortable共同作前置定语修饰angle。
奉贤一模:
Andwhyeventhesmartestpeoplegettakeninbyfakebut50touchingstories.
本句中的touching为现在分词作前置定语的用法。
When47raisingducks,onehastoconsiderjusthowmanythelandwillsupport.
本题考查的是现在分词作时间状语的用法。
●过去分词的考查:
虹口一模:
Thoughtheirfriendshiphadnotbeenaparticularlylong-lastingone,MussorgskywasshockedbyHartmann’s45unexpecteddeath.
本题考查过去分词作前置定语的用法。
”unexpecteddeath”表示令人意想不到的死讯”。
金山一模:
Ifthereissomeoneorsomethingyoudislike,youarestill45limited,andyourabilitytogiveadviceisreduced.
本句中的limited为过去分词作表语的用法。
Most43complicatedideasandlongsentencesareavoidedwhilesymbolsorabbreviations(缩写)arepreferredinstead.
本题考查的是过去分词作前置定语。
Whilethesefolksmaybemakinggooduseoftheirtimebystaying42connected,theirbodiesarepayingaheavypriceforsuchconvenience.
本句中中的stay为系动词,后面的connected为过去分词作表语。
●较难词汇的考查:
Manyartists,however,wouldprovethattherehasalwaysbeenawarmrelationshipbetweenthe41distinctareasofhumanactivity.
本题的distinct为形容词,意思是“明显的,独特的,有区别的”。
黄浦一模:
Journalingmakesyouaccountableandmoreawareofwhatyou’reeating,soitmakessensethatit’llkeepyoufrom_48_mindlesslychewingifyouaren’tactuallyhungry.
mindlessly为副词,意思是“粗心大意地,不注意地”,在句中作状语修饰chewing。
二.专题精讲
(选自2014年嘉定一模)
Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.
A.valueB.shapeC.designedD.understandingE.importantlyF.economistsG.responseH.vastI.connectedJ.majorK.amazingly
ThirteenyearsafterthelaunchofTaobao,Chinahasrisentobecometheworld’ssecondbusiestonlinemarketplace,behindonlytheUnitedStates.Thisisthekindofstatisticthat__41__love,butitdoesn’treallytellusanythingaboutwhysomanypeopleliketobuysomanythingsonline.
Isitbecauseitseasy?
Isitbecauseofthe__42__selection?
Isitbecausewewanttofeel__43__tootherswithoutleavingthehouse?
Taobaowasinfacta__44__toebay’sentranceintotheChinesemarketin2003.JackMa(马云)knewthatheknewChinabetterthantheAmericansdid,andthatTaobaocouldbeatebayatitsowngamehere.Hewasright,andJackMahashelpedto__45__thenatureofonlinecommerceinChina—whatitlookslike,howitworks,and,most__46__,whoitsusersare.
Taobao’saesthetic(美学)isdistinctive,andhasinfluencedandinspiredcompetitorsinChinaandaroundtheworld.Thewayitworksisalsodifferentfromother__47__onlineretailers(零售店).ButtherealgeniusofTaobaoliesinits__48__ofitsusers.Whatitlookslikeandhowitworks,afterall,were__49__withtheusersinmind:
ayoung,increasingly“connected”andincreasinglywealthyChinesegeneration.
WhentheydesignedTaobao,JackMaandhisteamrealizedthatmanyyoungpeopleinChinastrongly__50__socialinteractionwiththeirpeers,sotheymadesuchinteraction—everythingfrommessagingtolivechatstorecommendationsandreviews—acorepartoftheTaobaoshoppingexperience.
41.F42.H43.I44.G45.B46.E47.J48.D49.C50.A
41:
首先判断此空的词性,前面的that很显然是定语从句的引导词,statistic是先行词,那此空格处不可能是修饰love的形容词,love还可做动词用(这一点很多学生容易忽略),