人教版新课标必修 3 Unit 4全单元 精讲讲义附练习答案文档格式.docx

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人教版新课标必修 3 Unit 4全单元 精讲讲义附练习答案文档格式.docx

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人教版新课标必修 3 Unit 4全单元 精讲讲义附练习答案文档格式.docx

spreadto“蔓延;

传开”;

spreadover“蔓延;

拖延”;

spreadout“铺开;

展开”。

In20yearsthecityhasspreadquicklytothenorth.

3.Hewasverydisappointed.(P28)

disappointedadj.“失望的;

失意的;

受挫的”,可在句中作表语、定语或宾补。

bedisappointedat/about“对……感到失望”;

bedisappointedwith“因为……而失望”。

disappointed是由动词disappoint的过去分词形式演变而来,一般有被动意义。

eg:

Hewasdisappointedtoheartheywerenotcoming.

disappointingadj.“令人失望的”,主语常是物或事,有时可用于最高级,如mostdisappointing,是由disappoint的现在分词演变过来的。

可见-ing形容词和-ed形容词都是由其相应的动词转换而来的,这样的动词还有如amaze,bore,excite,exhaust,interest,satisfy,surprise,tire等。

Thedisappointingnewsmadeusdisappointed.

“Thatwasveryexhaustingbutveryexcitingtoo,”Iexclaimed.(P31)

经典短语

1.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock,whichwereintimetoproducethewatervapour,carbondioxide,oxygen,nitrogenandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.(P25)

intime“及时;

来得及;

赶得上;

最终”,往往是用在刚刚赶上某事情的发生且再晚点就来不及的情况;

ontime“准时”,可以暗示做事情游刃有余。

Willwebeintimefortheeighto’clockclass?

Thetrainarrivedrightontime.

2.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.(P26)

prevent…from“阻止;

制止”。

prevent后面跟名词或代词作宾语,在宾语后面可跟fromdoingsth,from可以省略。

Sheclosedthegatetopreventthedogfromgoingoutofthegarden.

该短语的同义词组有stop…fromdoing和keep…fromdoing,三个短语意思一样,但prevent和stop可以省略from,keep后面不能省略from,如果省略了,意思就发生了变化。

如:

Thebosskepttheworkersfromhavingarest.老板不让工人们休息。

Thebosskepttheworkersworkingdayandnight.老板让工人们夜以继日地工作。

3.Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocinewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.(P26)

dependon“依靠;

信赖”,on可以换成upon,可构成dependon/uponsbforsth“依靠某人供给某物”,或dependonsbtodosth“依靠某人做某事”。

Theyshouldn’tdependonforeigncountriesforoil.

同义词组:

relyon/upon;

trust;

counton等,三个动词(组)皆表“依靠”。

CanyourelyonTomtobringthefoodhere?

4.…walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.(P31)

nowthat“既然;

由于”,属于引导原因状语从句的连词,that可省略。

Now(that)youmentionit,Idoremembertheincident.

nowandthen有时;

不时地fromnowon从现在byno到现在;

至今

5.Wewatched,amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth’sgravityincreased.(P31)

breakout“发生”,常指战争、火灾、瘟疫、火山等爆发或突然发生;

takeplace意为“发生”时,没有偶然的意思,是先行布置而后发生或举行的。

Afirebrokeoutnearhereyesterday.

ThesportsmeetingwilltakeplacenextSaturday.

Ⅱ.热点语法:

名词性从句—主语从句

主语从句难点易错点小结:

一、主语从句的语序问题

主语从句和宾语从句等其它名词性从句一样要采用陈述语序,而非疑问句语序。

Whenshallwehaveoursportsmeethasnotbeendecided.(×

Whenweshallhaveoursportsmeethasnotbeendecided.(√)

二、主句的谓语动词单复数问题

从句作主语时,主句的谓语动词用单数形式。

ThatBeijingisthecapitalofChinaisknowntoeveryone.

三、连接词的意义及作用

从属连词有that/whether,that无意义,不担任何成分,只起引导作用;

whether“是否”,表示一种不确定的因素;

连接代词what“……的东西;

……事情”,可在从句中作宾语、定语和表语;

who仍有疑问的意思“谁”,在从句中作主语;

which“哪个”,在从句中作定语或主语;

连接副词where“哪里”;

why“为什么”;

how“怎样”;

when“何时”,在从句中作状语。

四、it作形式主语

主语从句过长时可用it作形式主语,that引导的真正的主语放在后面,且从属连词that可以省略。

eg:

Itiswell-knownthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.

五、whatever/whoever/whichever的功用

whatever/whoever/whichever在主语从句中不含疑问意义,引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。

whatever=anythingthat;

whoever=anyonewho。

whatever,whoever还可引导让步状语从句,要注意加以区别。

Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.(主语从句)

Whoeverbreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.(让步状语从句)

六、if引导主语从句

如果用it作形式主语时,if可以引导主语从句,放在句末;

如果主语从句放在句首时,不能用if引导。

Ifhehasreceivedyourletterisdoubtful.(×

Itisdoubtfulifhehasreceivedyourletter.(√)

语法专练:

1.Somechildrenwanttochallengethemselvesbylearningalanguagedifferentfromtheirparentsspeakathome.

A.whatB.thatC.whichD.one

2.wasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.

A.ItB.ThisC.WhatD.As

3.wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.

A.AnyoneB.TheoneC.WhoeverD.Who

4.ThelawyerrarelywearsanythingotherthanjeansandaT-shirttheseason.

A.whateverB.whereverC.wheneverD.however

5.Havingcheckedthedoorswereclosed,andallthelightswereoff,theboyopenedthedoortohisbedroom.

A.whyB.thatC.whenD.where

6.Youcanonlybesureofyouhaveatpresent;

youcannotbesureofsomethingyoumightgetinthefuture.

A.that;

whatB.what;

/C.which;

thatD./;

that

7.mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.

A.WhatB.WhyC.WhereD.Which

8.Theseasideheredrawsalotoftouristseverysummer.Warmsunshineandsoftsandsmakeitis.

A.whatB.whichC.howD.where

9.parentssayanddohasalifelongeffectontheirchildren.

A.ThatB.WhichC.WhatD.As

10.Thetraditionalviewiswesleepbecauseourbrainis“programmed”tomakeusdoso.

A.whenB.whyC.whetherD.that

Ⅲ.综合训练

一、基础测试

A.单词拼写

请根据汉语提示或首字母写出单词的正确形式

1.Thereisafriendlya________ofhelpingeachotherwithdifficultiesinstudyinourclass.

2.Itispossibleto________(繁殖)thesebacteriainthelaboratory.

3.Bythetimetheyreachedthetopofthemountaintheyweree________.

4.Thereisabigundergroundrailway________(系统)inLondon,whichisgoodfortravellers.

5.Thereisav________windoutsideandthesnowissoheavy.

6.Toworkoutthisproblem,wehavetriedmanym________.

7.Asamiddleschoolstudent,youmayfindyouaregrowingup________(渐渐地).

8.Oceanscovertwothirdsofthes________oftheearthwhilelandcoversonethirdofit.

9.Theearthisoneoftheninep________whichgoaroundthesun.

10.Water________(存在)inthreeforms,whichareliquid,gasandsolid.

11.Withthed________ofeconomy,people’slivingstandardisbetterandbetternow.

12.Knowingthathefailedtopasstheexam,hefeltveryd________andunhappy.

13.Thewastegasfromthefactoryish________toourhealth.

14.LiBaiwasoneofthegreatestpoets,whileZhangHengwasoneofthemostfamousChinesea________intheworld.

15.Itisthethirdtimethathisnovelwasp________inthiscompany.

B.请从下面方框中选择适当的单词或短语,并用其正确形式填空

intime,prevent…from,dependon,cheerup,nowthat,breakout

cooldown,getthehangof,spread,presence,explode,exist

1.Thecoffeeis________,soyou’dbetterdrinkitrightnow,oritwillbetoocoldforyou.

2.Beforeorderingroomsforthem,you’dbettermakesurehowmanypeoplewillbe________atthemeeting.

3.Wemusttryto________thenewtelephonesystembeforeweuseitsothatwemayuseitfreely.

4.Hewasunhappyatfirstbutsoon________afterlunch.

5.TheSunisveryimportanttothemankind.Man________itforheatandlight.

6.Youneedn’tworktoday.________youareill,youmayhavearestathome.

7.TheFirstWorldWar________in1914andendedin1918.

8.Ifbirdswanttofly,theyhaveto________theirwingsandwavethemupanddown.

9.ExplorershavebeensenttoMarstomakesurewhetherlife________onit.

10.OnNewYear’sEvewemayhearfireworks________hereandthere.Wedon’tthinkitnoisybutexciting.

11.Imissmyhometownsomuchthatnothingcan________me________goingback.

12.Ifwedon’thurryup,wewon’tbe________tocatchtheairplane.

C.请根据中文意思及提示,翻译下列句子

1.他们是否允许我们离开还没有定下来,所以我们要继续等。

(whether)

2.我们都知道他不诚实而且经常撒谎。

(it’sknowntosb)

3.说实话,他是个靠得住的人。

(dependon)

4.他怎样克服的那个坏习惯,谁也不清楚。

(getridof)

5.他们在月球上的感觉和地球上听说的完全不一样。

(bedifferentfrom)

6.据报道那个疾病已经在全市扩散开来。

(spread)

7.众所周知,污染的空气和水对我们的身体是有害的。

(harmful)

8.金星(theVenus)表面是否有水还不得而知。

(surface)

9.不管谁要我接电话,就说我现在正忙著呢。

(whoever)

10.我们正在寻找防止有害气体扩散的方法。

(prevent)

D.高考连线

1.PapermakingbeganinChinaandfromhereit________toNorthAfricaandEurope.

A.spreadB.grewC.carriedD.developed

2.I’mplanningtoholdapartyintheopenair,butIcanmakenoguaranteesbecauseit________theweather.

A.linkswithB.dependsonC.connectstoD.decideson

3.________you’vegotachance,youmightaswellmakefulluseofit.

A.Nowthat 

 

B.After 

C.Although 

D.Assoonas

4.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,________ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.

A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how

5.________hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.

A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever

6.TheForeignMinistersaid,“________ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace

A.ThisisB.ThereisC.ThatisD.Itis

7.Tounderstandthegrammarofthesentence,youmustbreakit_______intoparts.

A.downB.upC.offD.out

8.________wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan________wehave.

A.What;

whatB.What;

thatC.That;

thatD.That;

what

9.________we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.

A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where

10.________fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.

A.WhatB.ThatC.ThisD.Which

11._____madetheschoolproudwas______morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.

becauseB.What;

whatD.That;

because

12.Tomwasveryunhappyfor________totheparty.

A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavinginvitedC.havingnotinvitedD.nothavingbeeninvited

13.Itisprettywellundersto

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