国际商务期末试题及答案Word文档格式.docx

国际商务期末试题及答案Word文档格式.docx

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I.True/FalseQuestions（1scoreperquestion）

1. 

Thenotionthatnationaleconomiesarerelativelyself-containedentitiesisontherise. 

2. 

Mercantilismadvocatedthatcountriesshouldencourageexportsandimports. 

3. 

Afirmbecomesamultinationalenterprisewhenitundertakesforeigndirectinvestment. 

4. 

ThetwomostcommonmethodsofrestrictinginwardFDIareownershiprestraintsandperformancerequirements. 

5. 

Themostglobalmarketscurrentlyaremarketsforindustrialgoodsandmaterialsthatserveauniversalneedtheworldover. 

6.Outsourcingisaprocessthatislimitedtomanufacturingenterprises.

7.AccordingtoPorter,fourbroadattributesofanationshapetheenvironmentinwhichlocalfirmscompeteincludingsupplyconditions,factorendowments,regulation,andadvancedfactors. 

8.OneoftheUNcentralmandatesisthepromotionofhigherstandardsofliving,fullemployment,andconditionsofeconomicandsocialprogressanddevelopment

9.Thetotalamountofcapitalinvestedinfactories,stores,officebuildingsandthelikeisreferredtoasthestockofFDI. 

10.Licensinginvolvestheestablishmentofanewoperationinaforeigncountry. 

II.MultipleChoiceQuestions（11-50,2scoreperquestion 

51-60,1scoreperquestion）

11. 

Whichofthefollowingisnotcharacteristicofglobalization?

A. 

Nationaleconomiesareturningintoindependenteconomicsystems.

B. 

Materialcultureisstartingtolooksimilartheworldover.

C. 

Perceiveddistanceisshrinkingduetoadvancesintransportationandtelecommunications.

D. 

Barrierstocross-bordertradeandinvestmentaredeclining.

12. 

Whichofthefollowingisnotanimpediment（限制）thatmakesitdifficultforfirmstoachievetheoptimaldispersion（最优分散）oftheirproductiveactivitiestolocationsaroundtheglobe?

Reducedtransportationcosts.

Governmentregulations.

Issuesassociatedwitheconomicandpoliticalrisk.

Barrierstoforeigndirectinvestment.

13. 

Technologicalinnovationshavefacilitatedallofthefollowingexcept:

globalizationofproduction.

globalizationofmarkets.

creationofelectronicglobalmarketplaces.

creationofabsolutelyhomogeneous（均匀的）consumermarkets.

14. 

Whatisthetotalcumulativevalueofforeigninvestmentsbestreferredtoas?

Accumulationofforeignshares

Portfolioinvestments

Stockofforeigndirectinvestments

Stockmarketinvestments

15. 

Ifthecriticsofglobalizationarecorrect,allofthefollowingthingsmustbeshownexcept:

theshareofnationalincomereceivedbylabor,asopposedtothesharereceivedbytheownersofcapitalshouldhavedeclinedinadvancednations.

eventhoughlabor'

sshareoftheeconomicpiemayhavedeclined,livingstandardsneednotdeteriorateifthesizeofthetotalpiehasincreasedsufficientlytooffset（抵消）thedeclineinlabor'

sshare.

thedeclineinlabor'

sshareofnationalincomemustbeduetomovingproductiontolow-wagecountries,asopposedtoimprovingproductiontechnologyandproductivity.

economicgrowthindevelopednationshasoffsetthefallinunskilledworkers'

shareofnationalincome,raisingtheirlivingstandards.

16. 

Thistheory,advancedbythe19th-centuryEnglisheconomistDavidRicardo,formstheintellectualbasisofthemodernargumentforunrestrictedfreetrade. 

Heckscher-Ohlin

Mercantilism

Comparativeadvantage

Absoluteadvantage

17. 

Thistheoryexplainstheobservedpatternsofinternationaltradebyemphasizingtheinterplaybetweentheproportionsinwhichthefactorsofproductionareavailableindifferentcountriesandtheproportionsinwhichtheyareneededforproducingparticulargoods. 

Heckscher-Ohlin

Absoluteadvantage

18. 

IdentifytheincorrectstatementpertainingtoRaymondVernon'

sproductlife-cycletheory. 

Earlyintheirlifecycle,mostnewproductsareproducedinandexportedfromthecountryinwhichtheyweredeveloped.

Asanewproductbecomeswidelyacceptedinternationally,productionstartsinothercountries.

Aproductintheearlystageoftheproductlife-cycleisimportedbythecountrywhereitwasinnovated.

Aproductmayultimatelybeexportedbacktothecountryofitsoriginalinnovation.

19. 

Thetheoryof_____,developedbyMichaelPorter,focusesontheimportanceofcountryfactors,inadditiontofactorendowments,suchasdomesticdemandanddomesticrivalryinexplaininganation'

sdominanceintheproductionandexportofparticularproducts. 

newtrade

absoluteadvantage

comparativeadvantage

nationalcompetitiveadvantage

20.Identifythetheorythatcanbeinterpretedasjustifyingsomelimitedgovernmentinterventiontosupportthedevelopmentofcertainexport-orientedindustries. 

Theoryofnationalcompetitiveadvantage

Heckscher-Ohlintheory

Theoryofcomparativeadvantage

Theoryofabsoluteadvantage

21. 

Mercantilismviewedtradeasa（n）:

A.economicevil.

zero-sumgame.

nonessentialeconomicactivity.

threattoagovernment'

sindependence.

22. 

Whatisthebasicmessageofthetheoryofcomparativeadvantage?

Countriesaresimilarintheirabilitytoproducegoodsefficiently

Internationaltradeisrarelybeneficialtoacountry

Potentialworldproductionisgreaterwithunrestrictedfreetradethanitiswithrestrictedtrade

Tradeisazero-sumgame

23. 

Accordingtotheproductlife-cycletheory,thelocusofglobalproductioninitiallyswitchesfromtheU.S.tootheradvancednationsandthenfromthosenationstodevelopingcountries.TheconsequenceofthistrendforthepatternofworldtradeisthatovertimetheU.S.:

becomesthesoleproduceroftheproduct.

switchesfrombeinganexporteroftheproducttobeinganimporteroftheproduct.

switchesfrombeinganimporteroftheproducttobeinganexporteroftheproduct.

becomesthesoleconsumeroftheproduct.

24. 

_____suggeststhatwhennationstrade,eachnationmaybeabletospecializeinproducinganarrowerrangeofproductsthanitwouldintheabsenceoftrade,andthroughtrade,eachnationcansimultaneouslyincreasethevarietyofgoodsavailabletoitsconsumersandlowerthecostsofthosegoods. 

Theproductlife-cycletheory

Porter'

sdiamondofcompetitiveadvantage

Newtradetheory

Thetheoryofcomparativeadvantage

25. 

Accordingtothenewtradetheorists,becauseearlyentrantsareabletogain_____,theearlyentrantsintoanindustrymaygetalockontheworldmarketthatdiscouragessubsequententry. 

zero-sumadvantages

highlyskilledemployees

processexpertise

economiesofscale

26. 

Agreenfieldinvestment:

isaformofFDIthatinvolvestheestablishmentofanewoperationinaforeigncountry.

involvesa7percentstockinanacquiredforeignbusinessentity.

involvesamergerwithaforeignbusiness.

occurswhenafirmacquiresanothercompanyinaforeigncountry.

27. 

Historically,mostFDIhasbeendirectedatthe_____nationsoftheworldasfirmsbasedinadvancedcountriesinvestedin:

underdeveloped;

underdevelopedcountries.

developed;

eachother'

smarkets.

28. 

IdentifytheincorrectstatementregardingthedirectionofFDI. 

Historically,mostFDIhasbeendirectedatthedevelopingnationsoftheworld.

Duringthe1980sand1990s,theUnitedStateswasoftenthefavoritetargetforFDIinflows.

ThedevelopednationsoftheEUhavereceivedsignificantFDIinflows.

RecentinflowsintodevelopingnationshavebeentargetedattheemergingeconomiesofSouth,East,andSoutheastAsia.

29. 

AccordingtoKnickerbocker:

thefirmsthatpioneeraproductintheirhomemarketsundertakeFDItoproduceaproductforconsumptioninaforeignmarket.

whenafirmthatispartofanoligopolisticindustryexpandsintoaforeignmarket,otherfirmsintheindustrywillbecompelledtomakesimilarinvestments.

combininglocation-specificassetsorresourceendowmentsandthefirm'

sownuniqueassetsoftenrequiresFDI.

impedimentstothesaleofknow-howincreasetheprofitabilityofFDIrelativetolicensing.

30. 

Whentwoormoreenterprisesencountereachotherindifferentregionalmarkets,nationalmarkets,orindustries,thereis:

verticalintegration.

horizontalintegration.

multipointcompetition.

monopolisticcompetition.

31. 

Theproductlifecyclesuggeststhat:

oftenthesamefirmsthatpioneeraproductintheirhomemarketsundertakeFDItoproduceaproductforconsumptioninforeignmarkets.

32. 

The_____suggeststhatafirmwillestablishproductionfacilitieswhereforeignassetsorresourceendowmentsthatareimportanttothefirmarelocated. 

productlifecycle

strategicbehaviortheory

multipointcompetitiontheory

eclecticpa