届高三英语一轮复习必修5Unit 1Unit 5知识总结文档格式.docx
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vi.移动
12.cautionn.小心;
谨慎→cautiousadj.小心的;
谨慎的→cautiouslyadv.小心地;
谨慎地
13.enthusiasticadj.热情的;
热心的→enthusiasmn.热情;
热心
14.rejectvt.拒绝;
不接受;
抛弃→rejectionn.拒绝;
抛弃
(二)重点单词
1.defeatvt.打败;
战胜;
使受挫
n.失败
2.attendvt.照顾;
护理;
出席;
参加
3.blamevt.责备;
谴责
n.过失;
责备
4.expertadj.熟练的;
经验或知识丰富的
n.专家;
行家
5.exposevt.暴露;
揭露;
使曝光
6.curen.治愈;
痊愈
vt.治愈;
治疗
7.positiveadj.积极的;
肯定的;
确实的
8.victimn.受害者
9.suspectvt.怀疑
n.被怀疑者;
嫌疑犯
10.investigatevt.&
vi.调查
【联想】
1.动词+ion后缀变名词
①construct→construction建筑物
②reject→rejection拒绝;
③contribute→contribution贡献
④pollute→pollution污染
⑤infect→infection传染
⑥create→creation创造;
创建
2.动词+ment后缀变名词
①move→movement移动
②announce→announcement宣布
③arrange→arrangement安排
④enjoy→enjoyment享受;
乐趣
⑤accomplish→accomplishment成就
⑥adjust→adjustment调整;
调节
⑦settle→settlement定居;
解决
⑧appoint→appointment约会;
任命
⑨assign→assignment分配;
任务
⑩acquire→acquirementn.取得
3.ic后缀形容词
①science→scientific科学的
②enthusiasm→enthusiastic热情的
③energy→energetic精力充沛的
④drama→dramatic戏剧(性)的
⑤sympathy→sympathetic同情的
⑥romance→romantic浪漫的
4.名词用作动词的高频词汇集锦
①facen.脸→vt.面对
②handlen.把手→vt.处理
③nursen.护士→vt.护理;
照顾
④addressn.地址;
住处→vt.在……写上地址;
对……发表演说
⑤headn.头→vi.前往……
5.“观点;
态度”的高频形容词
①positive积极的
②negative消极的
③subjective主观的
④objective客观的
⑤doubtful怀疑的
⑥critical批评的
Ⅱ.短语回顾
1.put_forward提出
2.expose...to使显露;
暴露
3.make_sense讲得通;
有意义
4.be_to_blame应受谴责;
应负责任
5.lead_to通向;
导致
6.look_into调查
7.cure_sb._of_illness治愈某人的疾病
8.draw_a_conclusion得出结论
9.link...to...将……和……联系或连接起来
10.apart_from除……之外;
此外
11.(be)_strict_with_sb.对某人严格的
12.contribute_to有助于;
促成;
向……撰稿
1.“专心于做某事”的表达
①beabsorbedin专心于
②belostin陷入……;
专心致志于……
③becaughtin被困在……
④beburiedin埋头于……
⑤bedevotedto致力于……;
专心于……
⑥beoccupiedin忙于……
⑦beinvolvedin专注于……
2.“动词+n.+to”必备短语集锦
①expose...to使显露;
②add...to增添;
增加
③compare...to把……比作
④devote...to贡献给
⑤supply...to供应给
3.“make+n.”构成的短语
①makesense有意义;
讲得通
②makeprogress取得进步
③makemoney挣钱
④makeconversation交谈
⑤maketime挤出时间
⑥makeway让路
4.“照看/照顾某人”的多种表达
①attendto/on/uponsb.
②careforsb.
③takecareofsb.
④lookaftersb.
⑤showconsiderationforsb.
⑥seeaftersb.
Ⅲ.佳句必背
1.neither...nor...连接两个并列的句子成分
Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.
人们既不知道它的病源,也不了解它的治疗方法。
2.everytime作连词引导时间状语从句
Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedevery_timetherewasanoutbreak.
每次爆发(霍乱)时,都有大批惊恐的百姓病死。
3.havesth.done过去分词作宾语补足语
Awoman,whohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet,likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehad_it_deliveredtoherhouseeveryday.
一位已从宽街搬走的女人如此喜欢水井中的水以至于每天她让人把水送到家门口。
4.动词不定式作目的状语
To_preventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.
为防止这种情况再度发生,约翰·
斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。
5.onlyif置于句首用部分倒装
Only_ifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.
只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上,天空中其他行星的运行才能讲得通。
Ⅳ.课文回顾
JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon.Inhistimecholerawasthe__1__(dead)disease.SoJohnSnowmadeuphismindtohelpordinarypeople__2__(expose)tocholera.Atthattime,nooneknewitscauseorcure.Heknewitwouldneverbeundercontrol__3__itscausewasfound.Hethoughtpeoplegotattackedbythisdiseaseabsorbedintotheirbodies.Hetriedtoprovethis.SowhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854,hegatheredinformationandmadeamap,__4__(make)whereallthedeadpeoplehadlived.Itwasvaluable.Andfinallyhedrewa__5__(conclude)thatthewaterwas__6__(blame).ThenJohnSnowlookedintothesourceofwater.Hefoundallthedeaths__7__(link)tothepollutedwater.Soheannouncedwithcertaintythatthe__8__(pollute)watercarriedthevirus.Topreventthis__9__happeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersupplies__10__(examine).Finally“KingCholera”wasdefeated.
1.deadly 2.exposed 3.until 4.making 5.conclusion
6.to_blame 7.linked 8.polluted 9.from
10.(should)_be_examined
Ⅴ.单元语法
过去分词作定语和表语
1.Pleaseremainseated(seat);
thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon.
2.Whenyouleavetheoffice,makesureallthedoorsarelocked(lock).
3.Theplayergotinjured(injure)inthelastmatch,sohecouldn'
tcompeteinthefinal.
4.TheTowerBridge,constructed(construct)inthe1890s,stillplaysanimportantroleinLondontraffic.
5.Generallyspeaking,pricesofdailygoodsbought(buy)throughtheInternetarelowerthanstoreprices.
核心单词 重难突破
1.concludevt.&
vi.断定;
推断;
使结束;
终止;
达成;
缔结
Thereportconcludedthattheschoolshouldbeclosedimmediately.
报告的结论是这所学校应该立刻关闭。
(1)conclude
(从……中)推断出……
concludesth.
以……结束……
toconclude最后
(2)conclusionn.结束;
结论
inconclusion最后;
总之
arriveat/cometo/draw/reachaconclusion得出结论
[练习]
(1)单句语法填空
①Theconcertbeganwiththenationalanthemandconcludedwithapieceofsoftmusic.
②Heconcludedfromtheirremarksthattheywerenotinfavouroftheplan.
③Bothsidespresentatthemeetingarrivedataconclusion(conclude)intheend.
④Inconclusion,IwouldliketosayhowmuchIhaveenjoyedmyselftoday.
(2)完成句子
In_conclusion,_walkingisacheap,safe,enjoyableandreadilyavailableformofexercise.
总而言之,散步是一种廉价、安全、有趣且易实施的锻炼方式。
JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—soexpert,indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.
约翰·
斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛,因而成为维多利亚女王的私人医生。
(1)attendto处理;
(2)attendalecture/funeral/wedding听讲座/参加葬礼/参加婚礼
attendschool上学
attendchurch做礼拜
[练习]单句语法填空
①Themanagerisbusythesedaysbecausehehasalotofthingstoattendto.
②Shewaspraisedforhavingattendedtohersickmotherinlawforoverthirtyyears.
③Theyflewthereinorderthattheymightbeintimetoattend(attend)theopeningceremony.
3.exposevt.暴露;
Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.
但是当他想到要帮助受霍乱影响的平民百姓时,他备受鼓舞。
(1)expose...to...暴露……给……;
使……接触……
exposeoneselfto...使自己面临……;
使自己暴露于……
(2)beexposedto遭受到;
(使)接触到
[点拨]exposesth.to结构中的to是介词,后接名词或动名词作宾语。
①Takecarenottokeepyourchildrenexposed(expose)tothebadbooks,netandmagazines.
②Don'
texposetheclothtowindandrainoritwillfade.
③Being_exposed(expose)tothesunlightfortoolongwillbeharmfultoyourskin.
(2)单句改错
①Children,whenbeingexposedtoanEnglishspeakingatmosphere,willpickupthelanguagemuchmoreeasily.去掉when后的being
②Somepeoplethinkweshouldn'
texposethechildrentoplaycomputergames.play改为playing
4.curen.治愈;
痊愈vt.治愈;
人们既不知道它的病因,也不了解它的治疗方法。
(1)acurefor...针对……的治疗(法)
(2)curesb./adisease治疗好某人/治疗(治愈)某种疾病
curesb.ofsth.治愈某人的疾病/改掉某人的恶习等
[辨析]
cure
意为“治愈”,常指治疗疾病、痛苦或改正恶习、弊害等,侧重结果;
可构成curesb.ofsth.结构
treat
意为“治疗”,强调治疗的过程;
常用treatsb.forsth.结构
heal
意为“(使)愈合,治愈”,指治愈伤口,尤其是灼伤,使愈合或恢复正常
[练习]单句语法填空
①Doctorsarenowabletocurepeopleofmanydiseaseswhichinformertimeswouldhavekilledthem.
②Thedoctorclaimedtohavediscoveredacureforthedisease.
5.challengen.挑战vt.向……挑战
Ilikethechallengeofdoingjobsthatothersturndown.
我喜欢挑战别人拒绝做的工作。
(1)facethechallenge面临挑战
accept/takeupachallenge接受挑战
challengesb.tosth.向某人挑战某事
challengesb.todosth.向某人挑战做某事
(2)challengingadj.具有挑战性的
①Reducingthegapbetweenrichandpoorisoneofthemainchallenges(challenge)thegovernmentfaces.
②Heleftanoteatthesceneofthecrime,challengingthepoliceto_catch(catch)him.
③AsfarasI'
mconcerned,itisachallenging(challenge)roleforaninexperiencedperformer.
6.absorbvt.吸收;
使专心;
并入;
并吞
Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.
第二种看法是人们在吃饭的时候把这种病毒吸入体内。
(1)absorbone'
sattention吸引某人注意
absorb...from...从……中吸收……
(2)absorbedadj.聚精会神的;
专心致志的;
极感兴趣的
beabsorbedby/into被……吞并;
被……所吸收
beabsorbedin全神贯注于
①JustnowIsawhimsittingunderthetree,absorbed(absorb)inhisvideogames.
②Plantsabsorbcarbondioxidefromtheairandmoisturefromthesoil.
7.suspectvt.怀疑n.被怀疑者;
JohnSnowsuspectedthatthesecondtheorywascorrectbutheneededevidence.
斯诺推测第二种说法是正确的,但是他需要证据。
suspectsb.of(doing)sth.怀疑某人(干)某事
suspectsb.tobe...猜想某人……
①Hesuspectedhisneighbourofstealinghismoney.
②Thedrugis_suspected(suspect)ofcausingover200deaths.
8.blamevt.责备;
谴责;
归咎于n.过失;
Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.
看来(霍乱的流行)要归罪于水了。
(1)blamesb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而责备某人
blamesth.onsb.把某事归咎于某人
betoblame(for...)该受责备(用主动形式表被动意义)
(2)accept/bear/taketheblamefor...对某事负责;
承担责任
put/laytheblameforsth.onsb.把某事的责任推到某人身上
①Itishumanbeingsthatareto_blame(blame)fortheairpollution.
②ThepoliceblamedthetrafficaccidentonJack'
scarelessdriving.
③ManychildrenareafraidofbeingblamedformakingmistakesinspeakingEnglish.
9.announcevt.宣布;
通告;
预告……
WiththisextraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthevirus.
有了这个额外的证据,约翰·
斯诺就可以肯定地宣称被污染的水携带病毒。
(1)announce(tosb.)sth./that...(向某人)宣布/发布某事
announcethat...宣布/发布……
Itisannouncedthat...据称;
已宣布……
(2)announcementn.通告;
宣告;
宣布
makeanannouncement下通知;
①Thejudgesdidnotknowshewasphysica