英语四级考试真题及答案文档格式.docx
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totheInternet.She'
snotalone.
ConcernaboutexcessiveInternetuseisn'
tnew.Asfarbackas1995,articlesinmedicaljournalsandtheestablishmentofaPennsylvaniatreatmentcenterforoverusersgeneratedinterestinthesubject.There'
sstillnoconsensusonhowmuchtimeonlineconstitutestoomuchorwhetheraddictionispossible.
ButasrelianceontheWebgrows,therearesignsthatthequestionisgettingmoreseriousattention:
Lastmonth,astudypublishedinCNSSpectrumsclaimedtobethefirstlarge-scalelookatexcessiveInternetuse.TheAmericanPsychiatricAssociationmayconsiderlistingInternetaddictioninthenexteditionofitsdiagnosticmanual.AndscoresofonlinediscussionboardshavepoppeduponwhichpeoplediscussnegativeexperiencestiedtotoomuchtimeontheWeb.
There'
snoquestionthatthere'
repeoplewho'
reseriouslyintroublebecausethey'
reoverdoingtheirInternetinvolvement,"
saidpsychiatrist(精神科医生)IvanGoldberg.Goldbergcallstheproblemadisorderratherthanatrueaddiction.
JonathanBishop,aresearcherinWalesspecializinginonlinecommunities,ismoreskeptical."
TheInternetisanenvironment,"
hesaid."
Youcan'
tbeaddictedtotheenvironment."
Bishopdescribestheproblemassimplyamatterofpriorities,whichcanbesolvedbyencouragingpeopletoprioritizeotherlifegoalsandplansinplaceoftimespentonline.
ThenewCNSSpectrumsstudywasbasedonresultsofanationwidetelephonesurveyofmorethan2,500adults.Likethe2005survey,thisonewasconductedbyStanfordUniversityresearchers.About6%ofrespondentsreportedthat"
theirrelationshipssufferedbecauseofexcessiveInternetuse."
About9%attemptedtoconceal"
nonessentialInternetuse,"
andnearly4%reportedfeeling"
preoccupiedbytheInternetwhenoffline."
About8%saidtheyusedtheInternetasawaytoescapeproblems,andalmost14%reportedthey"
foundithardtostayawayfromtheInternetforseveraldaysatatime."
TheInternetproblemisstillinitsinfancy,"
saidEliasAboujaoude,aStanfordprofessor.Nosingleonlineactivityistoblameforexcessiveuse,hesaid."
They'
reonlineinchatrooms,checkinge-mail,orwritingblogs.[Theproblemis]notlimitedtoporn(色情)orgambling"
websites.
ExcessiveInternetuseshouldbedefinednotbythenumberofhoursspentonlinebut"
intermsoflosses,"
saidMaressaOrzack,aHarvardUniversityprofessor."
Ifit'
saloss[where]you'
renotgettingtowork,andfamilyrelationshipsarebreakingdownasaresult,thenit'
stoomuch."
Sincetheearly1990s,severalclinicshavebeenestablishedintheU.S.totreatheavyInternetusers.TheyincludetheCenterforInternetAddictionRecoveryandtheCenterforInternetBehavior.
ThewebsiteforOrzack'
scenterliststhefollowingamongthepsychologicalsymptomsofcomputeraddiction:
●Havingasenseofwell-being(幸福)orexcitementwhileatthecomputer.
●Longingformoreandmoretimeatthecomputer.
●Neglectoffamilyandfriends.
●Feelingempty,depressedorirritablewhennotatthecomputer.
●Lyingtoemployersandfamilyaboutactivities.
●Inabilitytostoptheactivity.
●Problemswithschoolorjob.
Physicalsymptomslistedincludedryeyes,backaches,skippingmeals,poorpersonalhygiene(卫生)andsleepdisturbances.
PeoplewhostrugglewithexcessiveInternetusemaybedepressedorhaveothermooddisorders,Orzacksaid.WhenshediscussesInternethabitswithherpatients,theyoftenreportthatbeingonlineoffersa"
senseofbelonging,andescape,excitement[and]fun,"
shesaid."
Somepeoplesayrelief…becausetheyfindthemselvessorelaxed."
SomepartsoftheInternetseemtodrawpeopleinmorethanothers.Internetgamersspendcountlesshourscompetingingamesagainstpeoplefromallovertheworld.Onesuchgame,calledWorldofWarcraft,iscitedonmanysitesbyposterscomplainingofa"
gamingaddiction."
AndrewHeidrich,aneducationnetworkadministratorfromSacramento,playsWorldofWarcraftforabouttwotofourhourseveryothernight,butthat'
snothingcomparedwiththe40to60hoursaweekhespentplayingonlinegameswhenhewasincollege.Hecutbackonlyafterafull-scalefamilyintervention(干预),inwhichrelativestoldhimhe'
dgainedweight.
sthiswholecultureofcompetitionthatsuckspeoplein"
withonlinegaming,saidHeidrich,nowafatheroftwo."
Peopledoitattheexpenseofeverythingthatwasaconstantintheirlives."
Heidrichnowvisitswebsitesthatdiscussgamingaddictionregularly"
toremindmyselftokeepmyloveforonlinegamesincheck."
ToebealsoregularlyvisitsasitewherepostersdiscussInternetoveruse.InAugust,whenshefirstrealizedshehadaproblem,shepostedamessageonaYahooInternetaddictiongroupwiththesubjectline:
"
IhaveanInternetAddiction."
I'
mself-employedandneedtheInternetformywork,butI'
mfailingtoaccomplishmywork,totakecareofmyhome,togiveattentiontomychildren,"
shewroteinamessagesenttothegroup."
Ihavenomoneyorinsurancetogetprofessionalhelp;
Ican'
tevenpaymymortgage(抵押贷款)andfacelosingeverything."
Sincethen,Toebesaid,shehaskeptherpromisetoherselftocutbackonherInternetuse."
Ihaveaboyfriendnow,andI'
mnotinterestedinonlinedating,"
shesaidbyphonelastweek."
It'
salotbetternow."
注意:
此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1.WhateventuallymadeCarlaToeberealizeshewasspendingtoomuchtimeontheInternet?
A)Herdaughter'
srepeatedcomplaints.
B)Fatigueresultingfromlackofsleep.
C)Thepoorlymanagedstateofherhouse.
D)Thehighfinancialcostsaddingup.
2.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutexcessiveInternetuse?
A)Peopleshouldbewarnedofitsharmfulconsequences.
B)Ithasbecomevirtuallyinevitable.
C)Ithasbeensomewhatexaggerated.
D)Peoplehaven'
tyetreachedagreementonitsdefinition.
3.JonathanBishopbelievesthattheInternetoveruseproblemcanbesolvedifpeople______.
A)trytoimprovetheInternetenvironment
B)becomeawareofitsseriousconsequences
C)canrealizewhatisimportantinlife
D)canreachaconsensusonitsdefinition
4.AccordingtoProfessorMaressaOrzack,Internetusewouldbeconsideredexcessiveif______.
A)itseriouslyaffectedfamilyrelationships
B)onevisitedpornwebsitesfrequently
C)toomuchtimewasspentinchatrooms
D)peoplegotinvolvedinonlinegambling
5.AccordingtoOrzack,peoplewhostrugglewithheavyrelianceontheInternetmayfeel______.
A)discouraged
B)pressured
C)depressed
D)puzzled
6.WhydidAndreHeidrichcutbackonlinegaming?
A)Hehadlostalotofmoney.
B)Hisfamilyhadintervened.
C)Hehadoffendedhisrelatives.
D)Hiscareerhadbeenruined.
7.AndrewHeidrichnowvisitswebsitesthatdiscussonlinegamingaddictionto______.
A)improvehisonlinegamingskills
B)curbhisdesireforonlinegaming
C)showhowgoodheisatonlinegaming
D)exchangeonlinegamingexperience
8.Inoneofthemessagesshepostedonawebsite,Toebeadmittedthatshe______.
9.ExcessiveInternetusehadrenderedToebesopoorthatshecouldn'
taffordtoseek______.
10.Nowthatshe'
sgotaboyfriend,Toebeisnolongercrazyabout______.
PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)
SectionA
注意:
此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
11.A)Hehasprovedtobeabetterreaderthanthewoman.
B)Hehasdifficultyunderstandingthebook.
C)Hecannotgetaccesstotheassignedbook.
D)Hecannotfinishhisassignmentbeforethedeadline.
12.A)Shewilldrivethemantothesupermarket.
B)Themanshouldbuyacarofhisown.
C)Themanneedn'
tgoshoppingeveryweek.
D)Shecanpickthemanupatthegrocerystore.
13.A)Getmorefoodanddrinks.
B)Askhisfriendtocomeover.
C)Tidyuptheplace.
D)Holdaparty.
14.A)ThetalkscanbeheldanydayexceptthisFriday.
B)HecouldchangehisscheduletomeetJohnSmith.
C)Thefirst-roundtalksshouldstartassoonaspossible.
D)ThewomanshouldcontactJohnSmithfirst.
15.A)Heunderstandsthewoman'
sfeelings.
B)Hehasgonethroughasimilarexperience.
C)Thewomanshouldhavegoneonthefieldtrip.
D)Theteacherisjustfollowingtheregulations.
16.A)Shewillmeetthemanhalfway.
B)ShewillaskDavidtotalkless.
C)Sheissorrythemanwillnotcome.
D)ShehastoinviteDavidtotheparty.
17.A)FewstudentsunderstandProf.Johnson'
slectures.
B)FewstudentsmeetProf.Jonson'
srequirements.
C)ManystudentsfindProf.Johnson'
slecturesboring.
D)ManystudentshavedroppedProf.Johnson'
sclass.
18.A)Checktheircomputerfiles.
B)Makesomecomputations.
C)Studyacomputerprogram.
D)Assembleacomputer.
Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
19.A)Itallowshimtomakealotoffriends.