法语形容词语法Word文档格式.docx
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fresh(新鲜的)
long
longue
long(长的)
public
publique
public(公开的)
Otheradjectivescanbegroupedincategories:
masculinefeminine
french
english
ending
ending
-el
-elle
cruel
cruel
-eil
-eille
pareil
pareille
-il
-ille
gentil
kind,nice
gentille
-on
-onne
mignon
mignonne
-s
-sse
gros
big,fat
grosse
-en
-enne
ancien
-et
-è
te
secret
secretive
secrè
te
-er
re
cher
dear,expensive
chè
re
-eux
-euse
heureux
happy
heureuse
-eur
trompeur
-teur
-trice
cré
ateur
-f
-ve
actif
active
-c
-che
franc
frank
franche
-ou
-olle
fou
Someadjectiveshaveidenticalmasculineandfeminineforms.Thisis
generallythecasewithadjectivesendingineintheirmasculineform
andwithforeignadjectiveslike'
snob'
'
cool'
etc.Forexample:
Tex
estuntatouimaginaire;
Tammyaussiestimaginaire.Ilssont
(Texisanimaginaryarmadillo;
Tammytooisimaginary.Theyare
imaginary.)Hereareafewoftheseadjectives:
(阳性和阴性同型)
pauvre(poor)
difficile(difficult)
sensible(sensitive)
riche(rich)
calme(calm)
semblable(similar)
mince(slim)
minuscule(tiny)
ridicule(ridiculous)
propre(clean)
ironique(ironic)
imaginaire(imaginary)
2.number
(数)
Themajorityofadjectivesareregularintheplural;
thatis,an-sis
addedtothesingularmasculineorfeminineforms.Therearetwomajor
exceptionstothisrule:
1.
Donotaddanstothemasculineformofadjectivesendinginsorx.
Themasculinesingularandpluralformsarethusidentical:
unanimal
heureux(ahappyanimal),desanimauxheureux(happyanimals).However,
thefemininepluralformoftheseadjectivesisregular;
itisformedby
simplyaddinganstothefemininesingularform:
unefilleheureuse(a
happygirl),desfillesheureuses(happygirls).
(s,x结尾的阳性形容词的阴性形式不加s,即阳性与阴性同型,
不规则形容词的阴性复数的形式为规则,直接加s)
名词前的形容词
TheplacementofmostadjectivesinFrenchisafterthenoun:
un
parlant,unefourmitravailleuse,destatousintelligents,etc.Thereis
asmallgroupofadjectives,however,thatnormallyprecedethenoun.
TheseadjectivesmaybecategorizedasadjectivesofBeauty,Age,Numbers
Goodness,andSize(BANGS).
(关于美丽、年龄、数目、优点、大小的形容词放在名词前面)
autre,other(其他的)
beau(belle),beautiful(美丽的)
bon(bonne),good(好的)
grand(grande),tall,big(高大的)
gros(grosse),big,fat(胖的)
jeune,young(年轻的)
joli(jolie),pretty(漂亮的)
mauvais(mauvaise),bad(坏的)
nouveau(nouvelle),new(新的)
petit(petite),little(小的)
vieux(vieille),old(旧的)
ordinalnumbers:
(序数词)
premier(premiè
re),first
deuxiè
me,second
troisiè
me,third,etc.(从2开始,基数词后加iè
me)
TammyestunebelleAmé
ricaine.C'
estaussiunebonneamie.C'
estune
petite
TammyisabeautifulAmericanwoman.Sheisalsoagoodfriend.Tammy
alittlearmadillo.
Treyestlejeunefrè
redeTex.C'
estletroisiè
meenfantdelafamille.
TreyisTex'
syoungbrother.Heisthethirdchildinthefamily.
beau,nouveau,vieux
(美的,新的,旧的)
Beau,nouveau,andvieuxhaveirregularforms.Notethespecialformsin
themasculinesingularwhentheyprecedeawordthatbeginswitha
orasilenth.
masculinemasculinefemininemasculine
singular
beforevowelsingular
plural
plural
阳性单数阳性单数元音前阴性单数阳性复数阴性复数
beau
bel
belle
beaux
belles
nouveau
nouvel
nouvellenouveauxnouvelles
vieux
vieil
vieille
vieilles
Theadjectiveswhichprecedethenounmustagreeinnumberandgender
withthenountheymodify(seetheregularruleforadjectiveformation)
Beawarethatchangingthepositionofsomeadjectivesmaychangetheir
meaning.Listentothisdialogue:
对话
TexetTammyregardentlenouvelalbumdefamilledeR
TexandTammyarelookingatRita'
snewfamilyalbum.
Tammy:
Quiestcettebellefemme?
Whoisthatbeautifulwoman?
Rita:
C'
estnotremè
re.
That'
sour
Etquisontcesautrespersonnes?
Andwhoaretheseotherpeople?
Levieilhomme,c'
estPaw-PawLouis.Etpuis,à
c?
té
c'
estmoi.
Theoldman,that'
sPaw-PawLouis.Andthen,nexttohim,
that'
s
Tex:
Etcepetitbé
bé
quiest-ce?
Commeilestlaid!
Andthelittlebaby,whoisit?
Boyisheugly!
esttoi,Tex.C'
estlapremiè
rephotode
syou,Tex.It'
sthefirstpictureofyou.
练习
Givethecorrectformoftheadjectiveindicatedin
1.Betten'
apasune________qualité
.(seul)
2.Texachè
teune________baguepourTammy.(beau)
3.Joe-Bobade__________dents.(joli)
4.Edouardn'
ajamaiseude_______amie.(petit)
5.Texade_________oreillesdé
collé
es.(grand)
6.Texestun______animal.(beau)
7.Joe-Bobaune__________influencesurCorey.(mauvais)
8.Tammyaun________oncleenAustralie.(vieux)
形容词比较级
1.comparativeadjectivesindicatingmoreorless
(比较级形容词表示较多或较少)
Adjectivesarefrequentlyusedtocomparethings,people,events,ideas
etc.Plus...queconveystheideaof'
more...than'
moins...
quetheideaof'
lessthan'
.
(plus+形容词+que=morethan,moins+形容词+que=lessthan)
TexestplusintelligentqueJoe-Bob.
TexismoreintelligentthanJoe-Bob.
MaisJoe-Bobestmoinspré
tentieuxqueT
ButJoe-BobislesspretentiousthanTex.
Biens?
r,ilestplusdifficiled'
ê
trepoè
tequed'
treé
cureuil!
Ofcourse,itismoredifficulttobeapoetthantobeasquirrel.
2.comparativeadjectivesindicatingsimilarityor
Aussi...queconveystheideaof'
as...as'
(Aussi+形容词+que=as...as)
FionaestaussibellequeTammy.Maisellesnesontpasaussisé
queB
FionaisasbeautifulasTammy.ButtheyarenotasseductiveasBette.
3.irregular
(不规则的情况bon-meilleur和mauvais-pire/plusmauvais)
Theadjectivesbonandmauvaishaveirregularformsofcomparison,
meilleurandpire.However,theregularformplusmauvaisquehas
commonlyaccepted.NotethatthisirregularityisfoundinEnglishtoo
with'
better'
(not*gooder)and'
worse'
(not*badder).
D'
aprè
sTex,Tammyestunbonparti.MaisBettepensequ'
elleseraitun
meilleurpartiqueTammy.
AccordingtoTex,Tammyisagoodmatch.ButBettethinksshewouldbe
bettermatchthanTammy.
Maisilesté
videntquelecaractè
redeBetteestplusmauvaisque
deTammy.
ButitisobviousthatBette'
spersonalityisworsethanTammy'
s.
对话
Listentothisdialogue:
Bette:
Tex,as-tujamaisvuunefilleaussijoliequemoi?
Tex,haveyoueverseenagirlasprettyasIam?
Texphilosophe:
Euh!
Labeauté
physiqueestmoinsimportantequela
beauté
del'
ame.Vo