Inside a WANO peer reviewWord格式文档下载.docx

Inside a WANO peer reviewWord格式文档下载.docx

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TheWorldAssociationofNuclearOperatorsunitesalltheworld'

sutilitiesthatoperatenuclearpowerplants.Therearefourregionalcenters-inAtlanta,Paris,Moscow,andTokyo-centralofficesinLondon,andpre-startupreviewofficesinHongKong.WANOwasfoundedin1989inMoscowaftertheChernobylaccidentbynuclearoperatorstryingtodoeverythingpossibletopreventanotheraccident,believingthatoperatorsofnuclearstationsshareacollectiveresponsibilitytodoso.TheWANOmissionistomaximallyincreasereliabilityandsafetyworldwidethroughcommoneffortsinassessment,benchmarking,mutualsupport,exchangeofinformationanduseofbestpractice.

Experienceshowsthatmanyproblemscouldbepreventediftherightlessonswerelearnedfrompreviousevents.ThemainprinciplesofWANOarethatitisbettertolearnfromtheerrorsofothersthanfromyourown,andthatitisbettertobenefitfromthegoodideasofothersratherthanspendingthetimeandmoneytodevelopthesameideasyourself.Sooperatorsofnuclearstationsgainaccesstoworldoperationalexperienceforgeneralideasandspecificexamplesofgoodworkpractices.

ThesuccessofWANOdependsoncooperationandtrustbetweenallmembersoftheassociation.Thisspirit,overcomingnationalborders,politicalbarriersandcommercialinterest,makesnuclearenergyuniqueamongworldindustries.WANOisnotdirectlylinkedtogovernments,itisnotacommercialorfinancialorganizationoraregulatoryagency.WANOdoesnotconsultondesignquestionsanddoesnotbelongtolobbycircles.Inbrief,WANOhasnootherintereststhanincreasingnuclearsafety.

WANOmemberstakepartindifferentprogramsandactivities.Theoperationalexperienceprograminformsmembersabouteventsthattookplaceatotherstationssomemberscantakemeasurestopreventtheoccurrenceofsimilareventsattheirown.

Theprofessionalandtechnicaldevelopmentprogramexchangesideasaboutincreasingreliabilityandsafety.Itsaimistohelpstationpersonnelexpandtheirprofessionalknowledgeandskillsandtoexchangethemostmoderninformation.Thisexchangetakesplaceatworkshops,expertmeetingsandcourses.TechnicalsupportmissionshelpWANOmembersfindsolutionstoexistingproblemsandimproveprocessesthatarealreadyverifiedinpractice.Thecollection,distributionandanalysisoftrendsofNPPperformanceindicatorsgiveanystationtheabilitytocompareitsownoperationalresultswiththeresultsofalltheotherstationsaroundtheworld.

Importanceofthepeerreviewprocess

Experienceinthenuclearindustryhasshownthemeritofperiodicreviewsofplantoperationsbyexternalgroups.In1991,WANOestablishedapilotprogramforvoluntarypeerreviewsthathashadgreatsuccessandhascontinueduptothepresentday.NowitisaWANOmemberobligationtohostWANOpeerreviews.Theymayalsohostotherexternalreviews,includingutilityreviewswithoutsidemembers,IAEAoperationalsafetyreviewteam（OSART）reviews,andreviewsfromtheUSA'

sInstituteofNuclearPowerOperations（INPO）andtheJapanNuclearTechnologyInstitute（JANTI）.

"

WANOhasnowconductedover500operatingstationpeerreviewsatnearlyeveryoperatingnuclearpowerplant"

WANOhasnowconductedover500operatingstationpeerreviewsatnearlyeveryoperatingnuclearpowerplant.AfterFukushima,WANOismovingtowardsafour-yearpeer-reviewfrequencyateveryplant.

ItshouldbeaddedthatthepeerreviewprocessbetweenamemberandWANOisprivate.ThisprivacyisnecessaryforWANOtocarryoutitsmissionofpromotingsafety.Inthepeerreviewprocess,WANOmustobtaininformationfromthepersonnelwhodotheday-to-dayworkatanoperatingnuclearstation.Thisimportantinformationisbasedonthefacts,anditismorelikelytobeprovidedfreelyinarelationshipbuiltontrustandconfidence.Iftheinteractionsbetweentheregionalcenterandtheplantpersonnelaremadepublic,thentheregionalcentermaybegivenlessinformationandthequalityofthatinformationmaydeteriorate.Besidesthis,peerreviewteamsareexpertsintheirtechnicalfieldsbutnormallyarenotexpertsinpublicrelations.

Theteammembersarenotexpectedtointeractwiththemediaduringorafterpeerreviews.Furthermore,WANOdoesnotcommentorprovidetoathirdpartyanyinformationonthepeerreviews.Peerreviewreportsareprovidedonlytothehostutilityandtheregionalcenters.

WANOpeerreviewprogram

Thepeerreviewprogramprovidesanopportunityformemberstolearnandshareworldwideinsightsonsafeandreliableplantoperationandtherebyimprovetheirownperformance.Theteamisinvitedbythestationindependentofanyrequirementsofthenuclearregulatoryandgovernmentauthorities.ThestandardWANOpeerreviewisofalloperationalunitsofanuclearpowerplant,althoughtheprogramhasexpandedtoincludepre-startuppeerreviewsandcorporatepeerreviews.WANOprovidesallnewunitswithapre-startupreviewbeforeinitialcriticalityandapeerreviewtwoyearsafterconnectiontothegrid.Apre-startuppeerreviewteamofficeopenedinSeptember2012inHongKong,toenableaspecialistteamtobebasedintheregionwherethegreatestnumberofstartupswilltakeplaceinthenextfewyears.

Guidelines,processesandprocedureshavebeendevelopedtosupportthepeerreviewprogram.Performanceobjectivesandcriteriaforplantpeerreviewsareusedasthestandardsbywhichplantperformanceiscompared.Thisdocumentlookslikeadescriptionofanidealnuclearstation.

Standardplantpeerreviewscoverseveralfunctionalareas:

operations,maintenance,chemistry,engineering,radiologicalprotectionandtraining.Theyalsocovercross-functionalareas:

operationalfocus,workmanagement,equipmentreliability,configurationmanagement,performanceimprovement,operatingexperience,organizationaleffectiveness,fireprotectionandemergencypreparedness.Fromthisyear（2014）additionalareassuchareasasleadershipandnuclearprofessionalismwillbereviewed.AnimportantpartofeachpeerreviewisareviewofthestatusofrecommendationsfromWANOsignificantoperatingexperiencereports.

Preparingforthereview

Afterthescheduleisconfirmedbythehoststation,thenexttaskistoformateamthatconsistsofaqualifiedteamleaderandupto25experiencednuclearprofessionalsfrommemberorganizations.Teamrolesandresponsibilitiesareclearlydescribedinpeer-reviewprocesses.Teamsincludemembersfromforeigncountries,andwheneverpossibleatleastonereviewerfromeachregionalcenter.Usinginternationalpeerspromotesconsistencyandsharingofreviewtechniquesamongregions,andallowscommunicationofindependentpointsofview.

Ateamleadercandidatemusthavereachedthelevelofplantmanagerorsimilar,andhaveatleasttenyears'

experienceinthenuclearindustry.Thisallowshimorhertobeaneffectivecounterparttotheplant'

smanagers.Heorshemusthavehighly-developedcommunication,observationandanalyticalskills,beabletointeracteffectivelywithindividualsfromtheutility,andbeabletomotivateandbuildteamworkamongpersonnelwithdiversebackgrounds.

Apeerreviewteamcandidateneedstohaveatleastfiveyears'

experienceinthenuclearindustry"

Thepositionrequiresknowledgeofbestindustrypracticesinmanyareas,understandingofinternationalculturesandtheabilitytousepeer-reviewmethodologytobeeffectiveinthesecultures.Alloftheseskillsallowtheleadertobuildacollaborativeteam,ensuringthatpeersfrominternationalindustryandthehostutilityareactivelyengaged.Theyshouldbeanalyzingplantinformationtoidentifypotentialareasfortheteam,establishingeffectiveworkingrelationshipswithseniorstationmanagers,andeffectivelycommunicatingthepeerreviewresultstothem.

experienceinthenuclearindustry,andhavereachedthelevelofadepartmenthead,deputyhead,shiftmanagerorsupervisor.Thisexperiencehelpshimorherunderstandoperationalpracticesatdifferentkindsofreactors.Hisorherskillsmustalloweffectivecommunicationwithalllevelsofstationmanagement.Everyteammembergetstrainingonthepeerreviewprocess,andinconductingobservationsandinterviews.Guidesforpeerreviewersdivideeveryfunctionalareaintosub-sectionsandlistquestionsandaffirmationsthatshouldbeansweredandconfirmed.

Apreliminaryvisittothestationbytheteamleaderandseveralteammembersisconductedinadvancetoprepareforthereview.Theplantpreparesapreliminaryinformationpackagethatincludesplantlayout,organizationalcharts,self-assessmentresults,performanceindicatorcharts,procedures,equipmentsurveillanceandtestingschedules,eventanalysisandotherimportantinformation.Thepackageisprovidedtoteammembersaboutsixmonthsinadvancetoallowthemsufficienttimeforreview.

Mechanics:

10+daysonsite

Atlasttheteamarrivesatthestation.Thenthereisthefirstacquaintance,andthefirsttourofthestationingroupstolookforfactsthatcanbeconsideredasabasisforfutureproblemareas.Theworkbegins.Thereviewincludesobservations,interviewswithkeypersonnelanddiscussionofobservationalresultswithstationpersonnel.Theconclusionsarebasedprimarilyontheobservedperformanceoftheplantandstaff,includingobservation