全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及解析文档格式.docx
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[D]around
3.[A]power
[B]concept
[C]history
[D]role
4.[A]reward
[B]resist
[C]resume
[D]reverse
5.[A]silent
[B]sudden
[C]slow
[D]steady
6.[A]for
[B]against
[C]with
[D]on
7.[A]imaginative
[B]expensive
[C]sensitive
[D]productive
8.[A]similar
[B]original
[C]temporary
[D]dominant
9.[A]collect
[B]provide
[C]copy
[D]print
10.[A]giveup
[B]takeover
[C]bringback
[D]passdown
11.[A]before
[B]after
[C]since
[D]when
12.[A]kept
[B]borrowed
[C]released
[D]withdrawn
13.[A]Unless
[B]Until
[C]Because
[D]Though
14.[A]hide
[B]express
[C]raise
[D]ease
15.[A]analyzed
[B]shared
[C]stored
[D]displayed
16.[A]unsafe
[B]unnatural
[C]uncommon
[D]unclear
17.[A]steal
[B]choose
[C]benefit
[D]return
18.[A]consideration
[B]prevention
[C]manipulation
[D]justification
19.[A]copewith
[B]fightagainst
[C]adaptto
[D]callfor
20.[A]chunk
[B]chip
[C]path
[D]trail
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
Inanessayentitled“MakingItinAmerica,”theauthorAdamDavidsonrelatesajokefromcottoncountryaboutjusthowmuchamoderntextilemillhasbeenautomated:
Theaveragemillhasonlytwoemployeestoday,“amanandadog.Themanistheretofeedthedog,andthedogistheretokeepthemanawayfromthemachines.”
Davidsonsarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointthatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddleclassincomestodayisalsobecauseoftheadvancesinbothglobalizationandtheinformationtechnologyrevolution,whicharemorerapidlythaneverreplacinglaborwithmachinesorforeignworker.
Inthepast,workerswithaverageskills,doinganaveragejob,couldearnanaveragelifestyle.But,today,averageisofficiallyover.Beingaveragejustwontearnyouwhatitusedto.Itcantwhensomanymoreemployershavesomuchmoreaccesstosomuchmoreaboveaveragecheapforeignlabor,cheaprobotics,cheapsoftware,cheapautomationandcheapgenius.Therefore,everyoneneedstofindtheirextra—theiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutinwhateveristheirfieldofemployment.
Yes,newtechnologyhasbeeneatingjobsforever,andalwayswill.Buttheresbeenanacceleration.AsDavidsonnotes,“Inthe10yearsendingin2009,[U.S.]factoriesshedworkerssofastthattheyerasedalmostallthegainsoftheprevious70years;
roughlyoneoutofeverythreemanufacturingjobs—about6millionintotal—disappeared.”
Therewillalwaysbechanged—newjobs,newproducts,newservices.ButtheonethingweknowforsureisthatwitheachadvanceinglobalizationandtheI.T.revolution,thebestjobswillrequireworkerstohavemoreandbettereducationtomakethemselvesaboveaverage.
Inaworldwhereaverageisofficiallyover,therearemanythingsweneedtodotosupportemployment,butnothingwouldbemoreimportantthanpassingsomekindofG.I.Billforthe21stcenturythatensuresthateveryAmericanhasaccesstoposthighschooleducation.
21.ThejokeinParagraph1isusedtoillustrate.
[A]theimpactoftechnologicaladvances
[B]thealleviationofjobpressure
[C]theshrinkageoftextilemills
[D]thedeclineofmiddleclassincomes
22.AccordingtoParagraph3,tobeasuccessfulemployee,onehasto.
[A]workoncheapsoftware
[B]askforamoderatesalary
[C]adoptanaveragelifestyle
[D]contributesomethingunique
23.ThequotationinParagraph4explainsthat.
[A]gainsoftechnologyhavebeenerased
[B]jobopportunitiesaredisappearingatahighspeed
[C]factoriesaremakingmuchlessmoneythanbefore
[D]newjobsandserviceshavebeenoffered
24.Accordingtotheauthor,toreduceunemployment,themostimportantis.
[A]toacceleratetheI.T.revolution
[B]toensuremoreeducationforpeople
[C]toadvanceeconomicglobalization
[D]topassmorebillsinthe21stcentury
25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext?
[A]NewLawTakesEffect
[B]TechnologyGoesCheap
[C]AverageIsOver
[D]RecessionIsBad
Text2
Acenturyago,theimmigrantsfromacrosstheAtlanticincludedsettlersandsojourners.AlongwiththemanyfolkslookingtomakeapermanenthomeintheUnitedStatescamethosewhohadnointentiontostay,andwhowouldmakesomemoneyandgohome.Between1908and1915,about7millionpeoplearrivedwhileabout2milliondeparted.AboutaquarterofallItalianimmigrants,forexample,eventuallyreturnedtoItalyforgood.Theyevenhadanaffectionatenickname,“uccellidipassaggio,”birdsofpassage.
Today,wearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.Wedividenewcomersintotwocategories:
legalorillegal,goodorbad.WehailthemasAmericansinthemaking,orbrandthemasalienstobekickedout.Thatframeworkhascontributedmightilytoourbrokenimmigrationsystemandthelongpoliticalparalysisoverhowtofixit.Wedontneedmorecategories,butweneedtochangethewaywethinkaboutcategories.Weneedtolookbeyondstrictdefinitionsoflegalandillegal.Tostart,wecanrecognizethenewbirdsofpassage,thoselivingandthrivinginthegrayareas.Wemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges.
Croppickers,violinists,constructionworkers,entrepreneurs,engineers,homehealthcareaidesandphysicistsareamongtodaysbirdsofpassage.Theyareenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofwork,moneyandideas.Theyprefertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem.Theycanmanagetohaveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanother.
Withorwithoutpermission,theystraddlelaws,jurisdictionsandidentitieswithease.WeneedthemtoimaginetheUnitedStatesasaplacewheretheycanbeproductiveforawhilewithoutcommittingthemselvestostayingforever.Weneedthemtofeelthathomecanbebothhereandthereandthattheycanbelongtotwonationshonorably.
Accommodatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionwillrequirenewattitudesonbothsidesoftheimmigrationbattle.Lookingbeyondtheculturewarlogicofrightorwrongmeansopeningupthemiddlegroundandunderstandingthatmanagingimmigrationtodayrequiresmultiplepathsandmultipleoutcomes,includingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplishlegallyintheexistingsystem.
26.“Birdsofpassage”referstothosewho.
[A]immigrateacrosstheAtlantic
[B]leavetheirhomecountriesforgood
[C]stayinaforeigncountrytemporarily
[D]findpermanentjobsoverseas
27.ItisimpliedinParagraph2thatthecurrentimmigrationsystemintheU.S..
[A]needsnewimmigrantcategories
[B]hasloosenedcontroloverimmigrants
[C]shouldbeadaptedtomeetchallenges
[D]hasbeenfixedviapoliticalmeans
28.Accordingtotheauthor,todaysbirdsofpassagewant.
[A]financialincentives
[B]aglobalrecognition
[C]opportunitiestogetregularjobs
[D]thefreedomtostayandleave
29.Theauthorsuggeststhatthebirdsofpassagetodayshouldbetreated.
[A]asfaithfulpartners
[B]witheconomicfavors
[C]withlegaltolerance
[D]asmightyrivals
30.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?
[A]ComeandGo:
BigMistake
[B]LivingandThriving:
GreatRisk
[C]LegalorIllegal:
[D]WithorWithout:
Text3
Sci