英语论文英语双关语及其翻译Word格式.docx

英语论文英语双关语及其翻译Word格式.docx

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同音双关、同词双关、音义双关。

英语双关利用其特有的本质特点，故意造成歧义，来达到言在此而意在彼的特殊效果。

英语双关语的应用能起到一种诙谐幽默，冷嘲热讽，形象生动的作用并能充分体现人物的性格特征，加强语言的美感，提高该作品的可读性来引起读者的兴趣。

然而，英语双关语的翻译又是极其困难的，很多人甚至认为是不可译的，因为英汉两种语言的语音不同，两种语言的多义词并不能一一对应，但英语双关语还是存在一定的可译性。

本文主要介绍3种主要翻译方法：

直译法，意译法，注释法。

【关键词】英语双关语；

分类；

本质特点；

作用；

翻译

1.Introduction

Inacertaincontext,awordorphrasethatisrelevanttotwoormoreconceptions,ideasorfeelingsisoftenemployedtomakeanexpressionmoreeffectiveorhumorous.Thisisachievedwhenthereexistsidentityorsimilaritybetweencertainwordsinsuchaspectsaspronunciation,formationormeaning.Thisidentityorsimilarityproducesdoublemeanings,whichenablespeopletoconnectnaturallytheliteralmeaningwiththeimpliedmeaning.Ofthesetwomeanings,theimpliedmeaningistheprincipalpart.

Thisiswhatwecalltheuseofpun.“Theuseofpundatesbacktoancientdays.Shakespearefavoredpunparticularly.Itisestimatedthatthereareabout3000punsemployedinShakespeare’sworks[1].”TheemploymentofpuninEnglishnovels,poems,speeches,advertisementsandriddlesmakesthemhighlyreadableandpromptspeopletoappreciatethebeautyoflanguage.AndthetranslationofEnglishpunsintoChineseenhancesthecharmoftheoriginalworksandtheunderstandingoftheversion.

2.Definitionandclassificationofpuns

2.1Definitionofpuns

Lookingatthesameissuefromdifferentperspectives,wemayoftencomeupwithdifferentdefinitionsofthethingunderdiscussion.And,notsurprisingly,puncanbethusdefinedinmanyways.Thereissuchahumorousexplanationaboutpun:

“punning–totortureonepoorwordtenthousandways（JohnDryden）”[2].

InLongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish,punisdefinedas“Anamusinguseofawordorphrasethathastwomeanings,orwordswiththesamesoundbutdifferentmeanings”[3].AccordingtoTheOxfordEnglishDictionary,punisdefinedas“theuseofwordinsuchawayastosuggesttwoormoremeaningsordifferentassociations,ortheuseoftwoormorewordsofthesameornearlythesamesoundwithdifferentmeanings,soastoproduceahumorouseffect”[4].InPrincetonEncyclopediaofPoetryandPoetics,punisdefinedas“Afigureofspeechdependinguponasimilarityofsoundandadisparityofmeaning”[5].

Fromtheabovedefinitions,wecanseethathomonyms,homophones,andhomographsallareavailabletoconstructpunswith.

2.1.1Homonyms

Ahomonymisawordthatisidenticaltoanotherwordinpronunciationandspellingbutnotinmeaning[6].

Forexample:

（1）Can:

n.&

v. 

Putsomethinginacontainer 

Can:

modalverb 

Beableto

（2）Change:

Tobecomedifferent

Change:

n. 

Moneyintheformofcoins

（3）Bear:

Sustainresponsibility;

enduredifficulty,etc

Bear:

Akindofanimal,havingthickfurandwalkingonitssoles

（4）Book:

Awrittenorprintedwork

Book:

Engage（aseatetc.）inadvance;

makeareservationof

2.1.2Homophones

Ahomophoneisawordthatisidenticaltoanotherwordinpronunciationbutnotinspellingandmeaning.

（5）Bale:

Alargebundle

Bail:

Toremovewaterfromaboat

（6）Knew:

Pastofknow

New:

adj. 

Ofrecentoriginorarrival

（7）Soul:

Spiritualorimmaterialpartofman,heldtosurvivedeath

Sole:

Lowersurfaceofhumanorotherfoot

（8）Pair:

Asetoftwopersonsorthingsusedtogetherorregardedasaunit

Pear:

Ayellowishorbrownish-greenfleshyfruit,taperingtowardsthestalk

2.1.3Homographs

Ahomographisawordthatisidenticaltoanotherwordinspellingbutnotinpronunciationandmeaning.

（9）Minute:

Sixtiethpartofanhour

Minute:

Verysmall;

trifling

（10）Digest:

Tochangefoodinthestomachintoaformyourbodycanuse

Digest:

Ashortpieceofwritingthatgivesthemostimportantfactsfromabook,reportetc

（11）Lead:

Guidebythehand,directmovementsof

Lead:

Akindofmetal

（12）Wind:

Airinmoreorlessrapidnaturalmotion

Wind:

Goincircular,spiralcourse

2.2ClassificationofEnglishpuns

Concerningtheclassificationofpuns,differentlinguistshavedifferentstandpoints.AsHeShanfenstatesin“ContrastiveStudiesofEnglishandChinese-Languages”,punscanberoughlydividedintothreekinds.Theyarenamedantalaclasis,paronomasiaandsyllepsis[7].Heretheauthorusestwoexamplestoexplainthefirsttwoparts.

Antalaclasisreferstoawordusedtwiceormore,buteachtimewithadifferentmeaning.Forexample:

（13）ToEnglandwillIstealandthereI’llsteal.

Thefirst“steal”means“togotoEnglandsecretlywithoutbeingnoticed”,whilethesecond“steal”isusedinitsmostcommonlyusedmeaning.

Paronomasiaistheuseoftwowords,whicharesimilarinpronunciationbutdifferentinmeaning.Forexample:

（14）CatchtheRaincheetahsandcheattherain.

Here“raincheetahs”isthebrandnameoftheproduct.Itispronouncedsimilarlyto“raincheater”whichechoesto“cheattherain”.

In“EnglishWritingandRhetoric”writtenbyProf.WenJun,amorespecificmeansofclassificationbringsaboutfivecategoriesofpuns[8]:

homophonicpun,

paronomasia,antalaclasis,Sylleticpunandasteimus.

However,accordingtoLiXinhua,inhiswork,“ADetailedStudyofFiguresof

SpeechinEnglish”,hepointsthatthosefivecategoriesclassifiedbyProf.Wenjunareclearbutover-elaborate.Insummary,itisclearertodivideintothesetwotypes:

oneishomophonicpun,theotherishomographicpun.Healsopointsoutthat,inthosefivecategories,No1andNo2belongtothehomophonicpun;

theothersbelongtothehomographicpun,whichisthewaytobringcomplicationintosimplicity.Anditiseasiertomasterthecharacteristicsoffigureofspeech.However,asLvXustatesin“PracticalEnglishRhetoric”,accordingtothecharacteristicsandfunctionsoftheirformation,punscanbedividedintothreetypes[9]:

homophonicpuns,homographicpuns,punsonbothpronunciationandmeaning.

2.2.1Homophonicpuns

Itistheuseofwordswiththesameorsimilarpronunciationbutdifferentspellingsandmeanings.Italsocalledphoneticpuns,andphoneticpunisthebasicformofEnglishpun.Inourdailycommunication,phoneticisthecarrieroftransferringinformation.Accordingtopsycholinguistics,speechcommunicationisaprocessofpsychologicalactivitiesfromencodingtodecoding.Whenspeakersemploytheorderof‘thinking-meaning-voice’totransmitoutside,itiscalledencoding;

whenlistenersemploytheorderof‘voice-meaning-thinking’toprocessandtrytounderstand,itiscalleddecoding.Theinter-processingonlyreliesonhearing,lackingvisualsense,anditwillcauseambiguityinunderstanding.

（15）“Howisbreadmade?

”

“Iknowthat!

”Alicecriedeagerly.“Youtakesomeflour…”

“Wheredoyoupicktheflower?

”ThewhiteQueenasked.“Inagardenorinthehedges?

“Well,itisn’tpickedatall.”Aliceexplained.“It’sground…”

“Howmanyacresofground?

”saidthewhiteQueen.[10]

（LewisCarrol:

Alice’sAdventuresinWonderland）

Inthisexample,“flower”and“flour”havethesamepronunciationbutquitedifferentinmeaning.Theadoptionofthehomophonicpunmakesthedialoguemorevivid,humorous.Moreover,“ground”canbeunderstoodas“solidsurfaceoftheearth”,andalsocanbeunderstoodas“thepastofgrind”.

（16）Drunkdriversoftenputthequartbeforethehearse.

Here,“quart”issimilarto“cart”insound,while“hearse”issimilarto“horse”.Thissentencecanconstructhomophonicpunbyborrowingfromtheidiom“putthecartbeforethehorse”,whichmeans“putorsaythingsinthewrongorder”.Thispunisdrivingatwarningtheaddictingdriversthatdrivingafterdrinkisakindofsuicide.

（17）“Waiter,there’sahairinmysoup.”

“Sosorry,sir.Didyouorderitwithout?

“Hair”heremeans“oneofthefinethread-likestrandsthatgrowfromtheskin