雅思阅读考题回顾Word文件下载.docx

雅思阅读考题回顾Word文件下载.docx

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Radio

Questiontypes:

Sentencecompletion填空；

Multiplechoice单选题

文章内容回顾

讲收音机的制作历史以及制作步骤和流程

英文原文阅读

Radioisthewirelesstransmissionofsignalsthroughfreespacebyelectromagneticradiationofafrequencysignificantlybelowthatofvisiblelight,intheradiofrequencyrange,fromabout30kHzto300GHz.Thesewavesarecalledradiowaves.Electromagneticradiationtravelsbymeansofoscillatingelectromagneticfieldsthatpassthroughtheairandthevacuumofspace.

Information,suchassound,iscarriedbysystematicallychanging（modulating）somepropertyoftheradiatedwaves,suchastheiramplitude,frequency,phase,orpulsewidth.Whenradiowavesstrikeanelectricalconductor,theoscillatingfieldsinduceanalternatingcurrentintheconductor.Theinformationinthewavescanbeextractedandtransformedbackintoitsoriginalform.

Theetymologyof"

radio"

or"

radiotelegraphy"

revealsthatitwascalled"

wirelesstelegraphy,"

whichwasshortenedto"

wireless"

inBritain.Theprefixradio-inthesenseofwirelesstransmission,wasfirstrecordedinthewordradioconductor,adescriptionprovidedbytheFrenchphysicistÉ

douardBranlyin1897.Itisbasedontheverbtoradiate（inLatin"

radius"

means"

spokeofawheel,beamoflight,ray"

）.

Theword"

alsoappearsina1907articlebyLeeDeForest.ItwasadoptedbytheUnitedStatesNavyin1912,todistinguishradiofromseveralotherwirelesscommunicationtechnologies,suchasthephotophone.ThetermbecamecommonbythetimeofthefirstcommercialbroadcastsintheUnitedStatesinthe1920s.（Thenoun"

broadcasting"

itselfcamefromanagriculturalterm,meaning"

scatteringseedswidely."

）ThetermwasadoptedbyotherlanguagesinEuropeandAsia.BritishCommonwealthcountriescontinuedtocommonlyusetheterm"

untilthemid-20thcentury,thoughthemagazineoftheBBCintheUKhasbeencalledRadioTimeseversinceitwasfirstpublishedintheearly1920s.

Inrecentyearsthemoregeneralterm"

hasgainedrenewedpopularitythroughtherapidgrowthofshort-rangecomputernetworking,e.g.,WirelessLocalAreaNetwork（WLAN）,Wi-Fi,andBluetooth,aswellasmobiletelephony,e.g.,GSMandUMTS.Today,theterm"

specifiestheactualtypeoftransceiverdeviceorchip,whereas"

referstothelackofphysicalconnections;

onetalksaboutradiotransceivers,butaboutwirelessdevicesandwirelesssensornetworks.

题型难度分析

根据考生回忆第一篇阅读非常简单，是机经中的一篇。

题型技巧分析

本篇有填空题，填空题的做题步骤：

1.读题目要求，主要看字数要求，一般不超过三个或两个，一定要看清楚

2.读题目，并划出关键词，关键词首先是特殊的比如人名地名时间数字等，如果没有这些词，那就划出名词

3.对所填的空进行预测，预测所填空的词性，单复数情况

4.根据划出的关键词去文中定位

5.对定位部分进行分析，选出答案

选择题的做题步骤

1.阅读指令（Instruction）

这一步骤主要是针对多项选择而言的，单项选择题的指令几乎没有作用。

在多项选择题中，指令中会提示正确选项的数量，在誊写答题卡的时候，一定要注意多项选择题的题号，一个正确选项占用一个题号。

这一点对于初次接触雅思的考生来说要特别引起注意。

2.阅读题干，划出定位词

由于选择题考察细节的特点，故题干中的词往往能够提供定位

3.阅读选项，划出核心词

在寻找正确答案之前，一定要事先通读选项，因为选项提供了对原文正确或者是错误的同义转换。

但是由于选项较长，不可能一次性全部记住，所以有必要把选项里的核心词划出来，这样可以减轻记忆负担，并且更加有针对性地做题。

4.找到相关句子段落，摆脱干扰找到答案

这是做题的最后一个步骤，也是最重要的步骤。

由于选择项的干扰性往往很强，所以对找到的相关句子或段落一定要进行仔细阅读，排除错误选项。

甄别干扰项这一步骤是考生解题的关键，很多考生往往对几个选项犹豫不决，经常跳进题目的陷阱。

一般说来，干扰项有如下几个类别：

1）数字陷阱

选择题的特点便是选项进行深度的同义转换。

但是如果个别选项中出现了数字，往往意味着这个数字直接来源于文章，没有进行任何同义替换。

这种干扰选项对于根本读不懂原文的考生有着致命的诱惑力，因为只有数字是熟悉的，其它的单词都读不懂。

数字选项中，数字在文章中都有提及，但经常是通过移花接木的形式出现的，以干扰考生的注意力。

2）相似陷阱

同理，如果题目中出现的个别单词与原文中的用词一模一样，尤其是一些经常被同义替换掉的动词、形容词等，这个选项往往就是干扰选项。

3）偷换概念陷阱

有时候选项中虽然与文中有对应的词，但选项中偷换了关键性的成分（如谓语部分），使得答案错误。

4）搭配不当陷阱

这是最具有诱惑性的选项。

这种选项的特点是：

选项本身是正确的，但是跟题干却不能形成搭配关系。

很多考生看到选项和原文内容相似，甚至还有同义转换，便毫不犹豫地选择了这样的干扰项。

剑桥雅思推荐原文练习

剑4Test1Passage1

剑5Test3Passage1

ReadingPassage2

厄尔尼诺

Multiplechoice;

TRUE/FALSE/NOTGIVEN

环境类的，通过对seabirds的研究来观察海洋生物和厄尔尼诺现象。

ElNino,anabnormalwarmingofsurfaceoceanwatersintheeasterntropicalPacific,isonepartofwhat'

scalledtheSouthernOscillation.TheSouthernOscillationisthesee-sawpatternofreversingsurfaceairpressurebetweentheeasternandwesterntropicalPacific;

whenthesurfacepressureishighintheeasterntropicalPacificitislowinthewesterntropicalPacific,andvice-versa.Becausetheoceanwarmingandpressurereversalsare,forthemostpart,simultaneous,scientistscallthisphenomenontheElNino/SouthernOscillationorENSOforshort.SouthAmericanfishermenhavegiventhisphenomenonthenameElNino,whichisSpanishfor"

TheChristChild,"

becauseitcomesaboutthetimeofthecelebrationofthebirthoftheChristChild-Christmas.

ToreallyunderstandtheeffectsofanElNinoevent,comparethenormalconditionsofthePacificregionandthenseewhathappensduringElNinobelow.

ScientistsdonotreallyunderstandhowElNinoforms.ItisbelievedthatElNinomayhavecontributedtothe1993Mississippiand1995Californiafloods,droughtconditionsinSouthAmerica,AfricaandAustralia.ItisalsobelievedthatElNinocontributedtothelackofseriousstormssuchashurricanesintheNorthAtlanticwhichsparedstateslikeFloridafromseriousstormrelateddamage.

UnfortunatelynotallElNino'

sarethesamenordoestheatmospherealwaysreactinthesamewayfromoneElNinotoanother.ThisiswhyNASA'

sEarthscientistscontinuetotakepartininternationaleffortstounderstandElNinoevents.HopefullyonedayscientistswillbeabletoprovidesufficientwarningsothatwecanbebetterpreparedtodealwiththedamagesandchangesthatElNinocausesintheweather.

根据考生回忆，本篇也是机经中的一篇文章，比较简单，去年就考过，但后面的题目在考试中变了。

是非无判断题是雅思阅读考试的经典题型，虽然今年的题量相对减少，但是仍是复习备考时应关注的题型。

首先应该注意看清是TRUE还是YES,本篇是TRUE/FALSE/NOTGIVEN

解题步骤：

1.速读问题的句子，找出考点词（容易有问题的部分）。

考点词：

比较级，最高级，数据（时间），程度副词，特殊形容词，绝对化的词（only,most,each,any,every,thesameas等）

2.排除考点词，在余下的词中找定位词，去原文定位。

3.重点考察考点词是否有提及，是否正确。

TRUE的原则是同义替换，至少有一组近义词。

FALSE是题目和原文截然相反，不可共存，通常有至少一组反义词。

NOTGIVEN是原文未提及，不做任何推断，尤其多考察题目的主语等名词在原文是否有提及。

剑3Test4Passage1

ReadingPassage3

无家可归的青年

Pickfromalist;

summarywithabox;

YES/NO/NOTGIVEN

这篇主要讲流浪青少年的问题，关注街头儿童，和剑桥4Test3Passage1文章话题相似。

DEFINITIONSANDDIMENSIONS

Homelessyouthareindividualsundertheageofeighteenwholackparental,foster,orinstitutionalcare.Theseyoungpeoplearesometimesreferredtoas"

unaccompanied"

youth.

ThenumberofthehomelessyouthisestimatedbytheOfficeofJuvenileJusticeandDelinquencyPreventionintheUSDepartmentofJustice.Theirmostrecentstudy,publishedin2002,reportedthereareanestimated1,682,900homelessandrunawayyouth.Thisnumberisequallydividedamongmalesandfemales,andthemajorityofthemarebetweentheagesof15and17（Molino,2007）.AccordingtotheU.S.ConferenceofMayors,unaccompaniedyouthaccountfor1%oftheurbanhomelesspopulation,（U.S.ConferenceofMayors,2007）.AccordingtotheNationalNetworkofRunawayandYouthServices,sixpercentofhomelessyoutharegay,lesbian,bisexual,ortransgender（GLBT）（Molino,2007）.Thenumberofhomelessteenagerswhoarepregnantisestimatedtobesomewherebetweensixandtwenty-twopercent.（HealthResourcesandServicesAdministration2001）AccordingtotheNationalAlliancetoEndHomelessness,fivetosevenpercentofAmericanyouthsbecomehomelessinanygivenyear.（NAEH,2007）

CAUSES

Causesofhomelessnessamongyouthfallintothreeinter-relatedcategories:

familyproblems,economicproblems,andresidentialinstability.

Manyhomelessyouthleavehomeafteryearsofphysicalandsexualabuse,strainedrelationships,addictionofafamilymember,andparentalneglect.Disruptivefamilyconditionsaretheprincipalreasonthatyoungpeopleleavehome:

inonestudy,morethanhalfoftheyouthinterviewedduringshelterstaysreportedthattheirparentseithertoldthemtoleaveorknewtheywereleavinganddidnotcare（U.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices（a）,1995）.Inanotherstudy,46%ofrunawayandhomelessyouthhadbeenphysicallyabusedand17%wereforcedintounwantedsexualactivitybyafamilyorhouseholdmember（U.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices（c）,1997）.

Someyouthmaybecomehomelesswhentheirfamiliessufferfinancialcrisesresultingfromlackofaffordablehousing,limitedemploymentopportunities,insufficientwages,nomedicalinsurance,orinadequatewelfarebenefits.Theseyouthbecomehomelesswiththeirfamilies,butarelaterseparatedfromthembyshelter,transitionalhousing,orchildwelfarepolicies（ShinnandWeitzman,1996）.

Residentialinstabilityalsocontributestohomelessnessamongyouth.Ahistoryoffostercarecorrelateswithbecominghomelessatanearlierageandremaininghomelessforalongerperiodoftime（RomanandWolfe,1995）.Someyouthlivinginresidentialorinstitutionalplacementsbecomehomelessupondischarge--theyaretoooldforfostercarebutaredischargedwithnohousingorincomesupport（Robertson,1996）.Onenationalstudyreportedthatmorethanoneinfiveyouthwhoarrivedatshelterscamedirectlyfromfostercare,andthatmorethanoneinfourhadbeeninfostercareinthepreviousyear（NationalAssociationofSocialWorkers,1992）.

CONSEQUENCES

Homelessyouthfacemanychallengesonthestreets.Fewhomelessyoutharehousedinemergencysheltersasaresultoflackofshelterbedsforyouth,shelteradmissionpolicies,andapreferenceforgreaterautonomy（Robertson,1996）.Becauseoftheirage,homelessyouthhavefewlegalmeansbywhichtheycanearnenoughmoneytomeetbasicneeds.Manyhomelessadolescentsfindthatexchangingsexforfood,clothing,andshelteristheironlychanceofsurvivalonthestreets.Inturn,homelessyouthareatagreaterriskofcon