考研英语阅读理解二docWord文件下载.docx

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Ifthealternativeisthatyouarelonelyandsadandmiserable,isitnotbettertofindarobotthatclaimstoloveyouandactslikeitlovesyou?

"

Levyresponded."

Doesitreallymatter,ifyou'

reahappierperson?

Inhis2007book,LoveandSexwithRobots,Levycontendsthatsex,loveandevenmarriagebetweenhumansandrobotsarecomingsoonand,perhaps,areevendesirable."

Iknowsomepeoplethinktheideaistotallypeculiar,"

hesays."

ButIamtotallyconvincedit'

sinevitable."

The62-year-oldLondonnativehasnotreachedthisconclusiononawhim.Levy'

sacademicloveaffairwithcomputingbeganinhislastyearofuniversity,duringthevacuum-tubeera.Thatiswhenhebroadenedhishorizonsbeyondhispassionforchess."

Backthenpeoplewrotechessprogramstosimulatehumanthoughtprocesses,"

herecalls.Helaterbecameengrossedinwritingprogramstocarryonintelligentconversationswithpeople,andthenheexploredthewayhumansinteractwithcomputers,atopicforwhichheearnedhisdoctoratelastyearfromtheUniversityofMaastrichtintheNetherlands.

Overthedecades,Levynotes,interactionsbetweenhumansandrobotshavebecomeincreasinglypersonal.Whereasrobotsinitiallyfoundwork,say,buildingcarsinafactory,theyhavenowmovedintothehomeintheformofRoombatheroboticvacuumcleaneranddigitalpetssuchasTamagotchisandtheSonyAibo.

Science-fictionfanshavewitnessedplentyofactionbetweenhumansandcharactersportrayingartificiallife-forms,suchaswithDatafromtheStarTrekfranchiseortheCylonsfromthere-imaginedBattlestarGalactica.AndLevyisbettingthatalotofpeoplewillfallinlovewithsuchdevices.Programmerscantailorthemachinestomatchaperson'

sinterestsorrenderthemsomewhatdisagreeabletocreateadesirableleveloffrictioninarelationship."

It'

snotthatpeoplewillfallinlovewithanalgorithmbutthatpeoplewillfallinlovewithaconvincingsimulationofahumanbeing,andconvincingsimulationscanhavearemarkableeffectonpeople,"

hesays.（分数：

25.00）

（1）.Intheopeningparagraph,thesnapshotattheMuseumofSexservesto

∙A.introducethetopic.

∙B.provideabackground.

∙C.explainaphenomenon.

∙D.summarizethemainidea.

（分数：

5.00）

A.

B.

C.

D.

（2）.DavidLevywouldmostprobablyagreethat

∙A.theideaofahumanmarryingarobotistotallycrazy.

∙B.deceptionmightresultinahumanmarryingarobot.

∙C.robotscanbecreatedcapableoflovingjustashmnansdo.

∙D.itisnotimpossibleforahumantomarryarobot.

（3）.Thephrase"

onawhim"

（Line1,Paragraph3）mostprobablymeans

∙A.inhaste.

∙B.allofasudden.

∙C.onhisown.

∙D.outoftheblue.

（4）.Roomba,Tamagotchis,andtheSonyAiboarementionedtoshowthat

∙A.thedevelopmentofrobotsisreallyfascinating.

∙B.robotshavemadetheircontributionstohousework.

∙C.robotshavebeentransferredfromfactoriestohomes.

∙D.humanshavedevelopedamorepersonalrelationshipwithrobots.

（5）.InLevy'

sview,whyshouldtherobotsbemadesomewhatdisagreeable?

∙A.Tomatchtheinterestsofhumanbeings.

∙B.Tomakethemassentimentalashumanbeings.

∙C.Tovividlyimitatearelationship.

∙D.Toimprovetheaccuracyoftheirperformances.

Ascollegeseniorshurtleintothejobhunt,littleliesontheresume-forexample,claimingadegreewhenthey'

rethreecreditsshyofgraduation-seemharmlessenough.Sonewgradsoughttoreadthismemonow:

those20-year-oldfalsehoodsoncream-colored,32-1b.premiumpaperhaveruinedsomanyhighprofileexecutivesthatyouwonderwhointhebusinessworldhasn'

tgotthemessage.AresumelistingtwofabricateddegreesledtotheresignationofDavidEdmondson,CEOofRadioShack,inFebruary.UntruthfulresumehavealsohinderedthecareersofexecutivesattheU.S.OlympicCommittee.

Theheadlineshaven'

tdentedjobseekers'

desiretodissembleevenasemployershavegrownincreasinglyabletodetectdeception.InfoLinkScreeningServices,abackground-checkingcompany,estimatesthat14%ofjobapplicantsintheU.S.lieabouttheireducationontheirresumes.

Employeeswholietogetinthedoorcancauseuntolddamageonabusiness,expertssay,fromstainingthereputationandcredibilityofafirmtoupendingco-workersandprojectstoignitingshareholderwrath-andthat'

sifthelieisfoundout.Evenwhenitisn'

t,thefalsifiedresumecanindicateadeeplyrootedinclinationtowardunethicalbehavior.

There'

salotofevidencethatthosewhocheatonjobapplicationsalsocheatinschoolandinlife,"

saysRichardGrfffith,directoroftheindustrialandorganizationalpsychologyprogramattheFloridaInstituteofTechnology."

Ifsomeonesaystheyhaveadegreeandtheydon'

t,I'

dhavelittlefaiththatpersonwouldtellthetruthwhenitcametofinancialstatementsandsoon."

Employers'

fearshavesparkedaboominthebackground-screeningindustry.Butguardingthehenhousedoeslittlegoodifthefoxisalreadynestledinside.Tounmaskthedeceiversamongthem,someemployersareconductingchecksuponpromotion.VerifiedPersonmarketsitsabilitytoprovideongoingemployeescreeningthroughautomatedcriminalchecks.Withthisincreasedalertnesscomesathornynewdilemma:

figuringoutwhethereverylieisreallyafireableoffense.Manybossesfeelthataworker'

strackrecordonthejobspeaksmorestronglythanastretchedresume,saysJohnChallengeroftheoutplacementfirmChallenger,Gray&

Christmas.Ratherthanbootingtalentedworkers,Challengersuggests,employersshouldofferapardonperiod."

Amoratoriumwouldletanyonewhoneedstocomeclean,"

hesaysAndtheculpritcouldalwaysgobacktoschoolandfinishthatdegree-maybeevenoncompanytime.（分数：

（1）.BycitingtheexamplesofDavidEdmondson,theauthorintendstoshowthat

∙A.littleliesontheresumeseemrisk-freetothecompany.

∙B.falsehoodsontherestumemayleadtocareercollapse.

∙C.high-profileexecutiveshavetobecarefulabouttheirbackground.

∙D.fabricateddegreescansometimesbringpositionstoseniorexecutives.

（2）.Bysaying"

desiretodissemble"

（Line1,Paragraph2）,theauthormeansthat

∙A.thenewshasn'

tpreventedjobapplicantsfrombeingdishonest.

∙B.theheadingshavemadejobseekersmoreeagertohidetheirtruefeelings.

∙C.thenewshasn'

tanykindofimpactsonjobapplicantsatall.

∙D.theheadingshavesucceededinpersuadingjobseekerstogiveuplying.

（3）.Ifalieisfoundout,oneconsequencewillprobablybe

∙A.theincreasednumberoflaid-offcoworkers.

∙B.theinterferenceofstakeholders.

∙C.thepossibilityofmoreunethicalbehaviors.

∙D.theruinedimageofthecompany.

（4）.Falsehoodonresumeshowsthatthejobseekermay

∙A.haveextremeviewstowardsworking.

∙B.bemorelikelytocheatinotherfields.

∙C.stayhonestinfinancialstatements.

∙D.seekotherwaystoconveythetruth.

（5）.AccordingtoChallenger,whenthebossesscreenoutdeceiversintheircompanies,theytendto

∙A.firethemimmediatelywithoutlisteningtoanyexcuses.

∙B.evaluatetheirpersonalityagainthroughbackground-screening.

∙C.givethemaperiodoftimetomakearemedy.

∙D.offeralltalentedemployeestheopportunitiestofinishdegree.

Howcouldanybodydislikethenotionoffairness?

Everythingisbetterwhenitisfair:

ashare,afight,amaiden,oragame.Evendefeatsoundsmoreattractivewhenitisfairandsquare.FortheBritishfairplayisespeciallyimportant:

withoutit,lifeisn'

tcricket.Theircountrybecomesquitepleasantwhentheweatherisfair,thoughunfortunatelyitrarelyis.Andthesedaysfairtradegoodscrowdtheirsupermarketshelves.

Fairnessisnotonlygood,butalsomoderate,whichisanothercharacteristicthattheBritishapproveof.Itdoesnotclaimtoomuchforitself.Thosewho,oninquiry,admitthattheirhealthandfortunesarefair-to-middlingnavigatecarefullybetweenthetwindangersofboastfulnessandill-temperedness,whilegesturinginachin-upsortofwaytowardsthepossibilityoffutureimprovement.

FairnessappealstotheBritishpoliticalclass,forithasacommonsensedown-to-earthinesswhichavoidsthegrandiosityofAmericanandcontinentalEuropeanpoliticaldiscoursewhileaspiringtodoitsbestforallmen-andofcourseformaidenstoo,fairandotherwise,foroneofitsvirtuesisthatitdoesnotdiscriminateongroundsofeithergenderorskincolour.

Notsurprising,then,thatBritain'

sgovernmentshouldgrabholdofthewordandclingtoitinthebuffetingthecoalitionhashadsincethebudgetonJune22ndproposedhighertaxesandevensharperspendingcuts."

Toughbutfair"

iswhatGeorgeOsborne,theConservativechancelloroftheexchequer,calledthecutsheannounced."

Itisgoingtobetough,butitisalsoveryfair,"

saidVinceCable,theLiberalDemocratbusinesssecretary.Atlast,somethingtheycouldagreeon.

Fairness"

s