阅读常考题型应对技巧4Word格式文档下载.docx

阅读常考题型应对技巧4Word格式文档下载.docx

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这些解释提供的信息明确具体，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。

1．根据定义（definition）或释义（paraphrase）猜测词义

如果生词有一个句子（定语从句或是同位语（同位语前常有or，similarly，thatistosay，inotherwords，namely，orother，say，i.e.等）或是同位语从句）或段落来定义，或使用破折号，冒号，分号后的内容和引号、括号中的内容加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。

定义常用的谓语动词多为：

be，mean，dealwith，beconsidered，tobe，becalled，define，represent，referto，signify等。

例1.Doyouknowwhata“territory”is?

Aterritoryisanareathatananimal，usuallythemale，claimsasitsown.

解析：

由定义可推知，这里territory指的是“动物的地盘”。

例2.HereisThePines，whosecookhasdevelopedaspecialwayofmixingforeignfoodsuchascaribou，wildboar，andreindeerwithsurprisingsauces.

Accordingtothepassage，ThePinesisa________．

A．placeinwhichyoucanseemanymobilehomes

B．mountainwhereyoucangetagoodviewofthevalley

C．townwhichhappenstobeneartheBanffNationalPark

D．restaurantwhereyoucanaskforsomespecialkindsoffood

2．根据举例猜测词义。

恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。

例3.Theconsequencesofepochaleventssuchaswarsandgreatscientificdiscoversarenotconfinedtoasmallgeographicalareaastheywereinthepast.

根据suchas后面列举的一系列例子，我们应该能推断出句中的epochal是指“重大的”。

Ⅱ.内在逻辑关系

1．根据对比、比较关系猜测词义

表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：

unlike，not，but，however，despite，inspiteof，incontrast等。

句子结构：

while引导的并列句。

表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：

similarly，like，justas，also，aswellas等。

例4.Achild’sbirthdaypartydoesn’thavetobeahassle；

itcanbeabasketoffun.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hassle”probablymean?

A．apartydesignedbyspecialists

B．aplanrequiringcarefulthought

C．asituationcausingdifficultyortrouble

D．ademandmadebyguests

例5.Greenlovestotalk，andhisbrothersaresimilarlyloquacious．

该句中副词similarly表明短语lovestotalk和loquacious之间的比较关系，其意义相近。

由此我们可推断出loquacious的意思是“健谈的”。

2．根据因果关系猜测词义

例6.Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior，itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhattodo.

Theword“presumptuous”inthemiddleofthepassageisclosestinmeaningto“________”．

A．fullofrespect　　　　　B．tooconfidentandrude

C．lackinginexperienceD．tooshyandquiet

3．根据说明、并列、同义近义、反义等关系猜测词义

例7.WilliamShakespearesaid.“Thewebofourlifeisofamingledyarn（纱线），goodandilltogether.”

Theunderlinedword“mingled”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans________．

A．simpleB．mixed

C．sadD．happy

例8.MostwomeninChina—educatedandilliterated，urbanandrural，theyoungandold—worktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.

Ⅲ.构词法

在猜测词义过程中，我们还可以依靠构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。

中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：

super（超），inter（在……之间），mini（极），micro（极微小的），re（再，反复），sub（底下），co（共同），post（后），pre（前），trans（转换），mis（误），un/in/im/dis/ir/il/non（不，非），anti（反，防），able（能……的），hood（状态，时期），ish（如……的，有点儿），proof（防……的），some（易于……），wards（向），less（不，无）

1．根据前缀猜测词义

例9.Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononcoeducationalorsinglesexschools?

根据词根educational（教育的），结合前缀co（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出coeducational的意思是“男女同校教育的”。

2．根据后缀猜测词义

例10.It’saquiet，comfortablehoteloverlooking（俯瞰）thebayinanuncommercializedCornishfishingvillageonEngland’smostsoutherlypoint.

后缀ise/ize意思是“使成为……；

使……化”，结合词根commercial（商业的），不难猜出uncommercialized的意思是“未被商业化的”。

3．根据复合词的各部分猜测词义

例11.Goodtooldesignisimportantinthepreventionofoveruseinjuries.Welldesignedtoolsandequipmentwillrequirelessforcetooperatethemandpreventawkward（别扭的）handpositions.

Welldesigned或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。

它由well（好，优秀）和design（设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是“设计精巧的”意思。

4．猜测词性变换新词含义

例12.Theotherteams，disappointed，wereonthebusheadinghome.

head本为名词，表头。

由thebus和home的语境逻辑可以推断，该句head为动词，表示方向，结合全句可译为“开往、驶向”。

例13.Ihadfirstknownshewaswrong，thatheranxietyhadcloudedherjudgment.

cloud本为名词，表云。

分析语境逻辑可知，忧虑会影响一个人的判断，因此该句clouded应译为“使难以……”。

Ⅳ.生活常识

运用自身的生活经验及生活常识，根据上下文能读懂的部分，可以正确猜出词义。

下面文字中划线单词的词义你能猜出来吗？

例14.Birdsflywiththeirwings，andtheypickuptheirfoods，andtheneatthemwiththeirbeaksandtheyusetheirclawsfortearing，seizing，pullingorholdingobjects.

句子的已知部分和我们的常识告诉我们：

beaks是“喙”；

claws是“爪子”。

（二）技巧及注意事项

1．切记：

无论这个词多超纲，根据上下文都能得出其意思；

无论这个词多熟悉，都要通过上下文得出其在特定场合的意思。

2．正确选项通常不是熟词的常规含义。

（2014·

高考江苏卷）Sayyouintendtowatchafootballmatchbuttheticketsareexpensiveanditwilltakeyouacoupleofhourstogettoandfromthestadium.Whynot，youmightreason，watchthegamefromhomeandusetheleftover_money_and_timetohavedinnerwithfriends？

This—thealternativeuseofyourcashandtime—istheopportunitycost.

The“leftover...time”inParagraph3probablyreferstothetime________．

A．sparedforwatchingthematchathome

B．takentohavedinnerwithfriends

C．spentonthewaytoandfromthematch

D．savedfromnotgoingtowatchthematch

A

Didyouknowtigersarethelargestlivingspeciesofeat?

Bengaltigersaren’tthebiggest，buttheyarestillprettylarge.Themalesweigh180to258kgandfemalesweigh100to150kg.Adultmaletigersarelargerthanadultfemales.Anotherthingthatisdifferentaboutmaletigersisthattheyhavearingofhairaroundtheirnecks.

Haveyoueverheardatigerroar（嚎叫）?

Ifyouhavethenyouknowwhataloudandsometimesscarysounditcanbe.Tigersroarformanyreasons.Theyactuallyroarlessoftenthanlions.Thisisbecauselionsliveingroupsandmosttigersspendalotoftimealone.Oneofthereasonstheirroarissoloudthatitcanbeheardoverlongdistances.Atiger’sroarcanbeheardformanymiles.

Here’ssomethingreallyinteresting，in2000，researchersdiscoveredthattigersalsocommunicateinfrequencies（频率）thataretoolowforhumanstohear.Thesefrequenciesarecalledinfrasounds（次声波）．Theycantravelforreallylongdistances.What’sreallyamazingisthattheselowsoundsgothroughobjectslikebuildings，forests，andmountains!

Besidesroaring，tigersalsomakeagrowl，hiss，purrandchuffsound.Tigersmakethechurlsoundwhengreetingothertigers.Theyroarduringthemating（交配）seasontocommunicateoverlongdistances.

Tigersalsousechemicalstocommunicate.Malesandfemalesmarktheboundaryoftheirareasbysprayingamixtureofurine（尿液）andscentontrees，grass，andbushes.Tigersalsoputscratchesontreetrunkstomarktheirboundaries.

Atiger’sbodyisbuiltforcapturingandkillinglargeprey.Tigershavepowerfullegsandaflexiblebackbone.Thishelpsthetigerstoquicklychaseandcatchpreyovershortdistances.Bengalscanleap10yardsandcanjump15feetintheair.

WildtigersarefoundonlyinAsia.Bengaltigersareprotected，andtheyarethenationalanimalofbothBangladeshandIndia.Tohelpprotectthetigers，thegovernmentinIndiahadaspecialconservationprogramcalledprojectTiger.Duetothisproject，thepopulationofwildtigersinIndianownumbersabout3，500whichisupfromthe1，200tigersthatlivedtherein1970.

Tigerscanliveinalmostanyclimate.Theyliveinlargehuntingareas.Tosurvivetheyneedwater，shadeandfood.Tigersarefoundinrainforests，hot，drywoods，andcold，snowyforests.Tigersalsoliveinmangrove（经济的）swamps，marshes，andtailgrasslands.Ingeneral，tigersliketobeinshade.Unlikelions，theyrarelygoontoopenplains.

1．Howcanwetellanadultmaletigerfromafemaletiger?

A．Bytheloudnessoftheirroar.

B．Byexaminingtheirpowerfullegs.

C．Bylookingatthehairaroundtheirnecks.

D．Bywatchinghowfasttheycanrun.

2．Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinthesixthparagraph“prey”mean?

A．Animalshuntedforfood.

B．Animalsrunningfasterthantigers.

C．Animalsrelyingontigersforfood.

D．Animalssearchingforfood.

3．Whydotigersroarlessoftenthanlions?

A．Becausetheyliveingroups.

B．Becausetheyneedn’tcommunicate.

C．Becausetheyseldomspendtimetogether.

D．Becausetheycommunicateinfrequencies.

4．Whydoesatigersprayamixtureofurineandscentontrees，grass，andbushes?

A．Inordertoshowhowpowerfulitis.

B．Inordertoattracttigersofadifferentsex.

C．Inordertolureotheranimalstocomenear.

D．Inordertowarnothertigersnortocomeintoitsboundary.

B

TherearenumeroussimilaritiesbetweenMuhammadAliandhis23yearolddaughterLaila.Sheistheonlyoneofhisninesonsanddaughterstohavethosegenesthatledtothering（拳击场）．Herfather’sgreatstatushadnothingtodowithLaila’sdecisiontopursueaboxingcareer.Shehasalwaysbeenproudofhisachievements，buthewasneveragreatmantoher—justdad.

WhatattractedhertotakeupboxingwastheunusualsightoftwowomenintheringonthetelevisionscreenwhenshewasabouttowatchaMikeTysonfightfiveyearsago.Shewasveryexcitedandsaidtoherself，“Icandothat.”

Laila’sfatherwouldpreferhernottotakeupthedangeroussport.JohnnyMcClain，herhusbandandmanager（formerboxerhimself）feelsthesameway.Eventhoughboththemeninherlifeworryabouther，they’re100percentsupportive.“Theydon’twantmetogethurt，”shesays.

Longbeforeenteringthering，Lailawasafighter.Beingthedaughterofanoutstandingboxermadeheraneasytargetforhighschoolkidstoseehowtoughshewas.They，notshe，failedinthetest.Forthepublic，herbiggesttesttookplacelastsummerintheNewYorkStatewhenshetookonJacquiFrazierLyde，thedaughterofJoeFrazier，herfather’smostfamousopponent（对手）duringthe1970s.

That_fight_provided_the_biggest_shot_in_the_arm_that_women’s_boxing_has_received.Newsreporterspouredin.Somecalledit“Ali/Frazier－GenerationⅡ”．Nomatchinvolvingwomenhadeverattractedsomuchattention.Lailahadanarr