全国大学生英语竞赛写作部分解题技巧与评析阅卷老师经验谈Word格式文档下载.docx
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就某些事务活动,如开会、购买物品等,写个备忘录或报告;
留言或出售物品的便条;
应聘、求职方面的信函。
从形式上来看,应用文的写作都有一定的格式。
由于平时练习较少,大多数考生对此题型较为陌生,写作中存在的主要问题除了语言上的错误之外还突出表现在:
不熟悉英语应用文的行文格式;
语域运用能力差(语域指在书面语和口语表达中根据不同的交际对象,所采用的话语方式,即正式、一般、非正式的话语等)。
总结起来,应用文的写作要遵循“五个C”的原则,即做到简洁(Concise)、清楚(Clear)、正确(Correct)、礼貌(Courteous)与完整(Complete)。
由于历次考试中的应用文测试多为书信的写作,下面将结合书信的写作谈谈应用文的写作技巧与注意事项。
书信是思想、情感、信息交流的重要纽带。
写信与写文章一样需要花时间认真构思,但又与一般的作文有所不同。
一封写得好的信除了需把所要表达的内容组织得条理清楚外,还要注意其表达方式。
就内容而言,书信共分两大类:
个人书信与事务书信。
但无论哪种信函,写作时都要遵循上面提到的“5C”原则,并注意写信的格式正确。
一般而言,书信由六部分组成:
信头、封内地址、称呼、正文、结尾谦语及签名。
考生在应用文的训练中要熟悉不同类型的应用文写作格式、注意事项、写作特点等,注重信息覆盖的全面性、结构组织的条理性与逻辑性、语言使用的准确性、文体格式的正确性。
除了应掌握应用文特定的格式外,在平时的写作训练中还要培养迅速构思成篇的能力,注意词句的多样性和准确性训练。
应用文写作能力的提高不可能一蹴而就,必须经过长期的实践锻炼才能逐步得以提高。
请看下面的试题:
Directions:
SupposeyouareLiMing.Oneofyourroommatesisgettingaddictedtosmoking.Youaregoingtowritealetter,tryingtopersuadehimtoquit.Yourlettershouldbepersuasive.Itmaybeadvisabletoincludethefollowingpointsinyourletter.
Alettertoaroommate
1)Hissmokingisbecomingaproblemforallhisroommates.
2)Heisruininghishealth.
3)Smokingharmsthehealthofothersaroundhim,too.
4)Hecanquitifheisdetermined.
Youshouldwriteabout120words.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.Nowwritetheletter.
【参考范文】
DearWangTao,
Itisalmostknowntoallthatsmokingisbadforpeople’shealth.Scientificresearchesshowthatsmokingcanleadtoheartdisease,cancerandotherproblems.Itdoesgreatharmtoourhealth,notonlytotheonewhosmokes,butalsotoothersinthesameroom.Forsmokers,itisagreatwasteofmoney,anditcausesmanykindsofdiseases.Thedangerofsmokingiswarnedofeverywhere.Besides,manyfiresarecausedbycarelesssmokers.Asyourroommateswearesometimesreallyannoyedbyyoursmoking.
Today,moreandmorepeoplearebeginningtorealizetheharmofsmokinganddecidetogiveitup.Ontheotherhand,manypeoplefinditdifficulttostopsmoking.However,weareshowinggreatconfidencetoyou.Sincewehavebeentogetherfortwoyears,weknowthatyouareadeterminedperson.Onceyousetagoalyouwilltryeverymeanstorealizeit.Thistimewearesurethatyouwillgiveupsmokingforthesakeofyourhealth.
Sincerelyyours,
LiMing
二、看图作文的写作技巧与注意事项
看图作文的一个难点就是审题,也就是从图画提供的有关信息中提炼出观点。
这种观点或者是对图表信息的概括,或者是依据图表信息对发展趋势进行预测。
图画作文的关键是,不能就事论事,不能画了什么就只谈什么,而要善于就图画反映的社会现象进行探讨。
审题构思时要注意提纲要求、图画寓意和情景说明,三个角度都考虑到位了,再通过象征联想原则,把画面信息放大,联想到画面细节所象征的特殊意义。
创作时往往采取三段式结构,结合提纲严谨创作。
第一段为图画描述段,详细描述图画信息,争取能把各种细节一网打尽,但不能随意联想到画面以外的东西。
第二段往往为意义阐释段,要点出画面信息所象征的抽象意义,指出图画/讽刺画所传达出的真正涵义。
第三段往往是建议措施段或者举例论证段。
现以2006年A级决赛题为例予以说明。
Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteacompositionto
1)describethepicture,
2)interpretitsmeaning,and
3)giveyoursuggestionastothebestwaytofindhappiness.
Youshouldwriteabout150words.NowwritethecompositionontheAnswerSheet.
按照写作指令的要求,这篇作文应当包括三部分,即:
1.描述图中的内容(describethepicture);
2.解释画面的含义(interpretitsmeaning);
3.给出你的建议(giveyoursuggestion)——你认为获得幸福的最佳途径是什么。
WealthandHappiness
Differentpeoplemayhavedifferentanswerstotheconceptofhappiness.Theyoungmaninthepictureisthinkingofthisquestion:
wealth,loveorhealth?
Differentchoicesmayleadtodifferentgoalsinourlife.
Inmyopinion,thebestwayoffindinghappinessliesinwealth.Why?
Everybodywantstogetwealth.Intoday’smaterialworld,makingmoneyorbecomingwealthysymbolizesaperson’ssuccessandcapability.Manypeoplejustmakeeveryeffort;
payanypricetoattaingreaterwealth.Peoplecannotdoanythingwithoutmoney,butmoneyisnoteverything.Whatmoneywillbringyoudependsonyourpersonalbeliefandgoalinlife.Ifyouarekindenoughtohelpothers,especiallythepoor,moneyisagoodthingtoyou.Withit,youcandomuchmoreforthebenefitofpeopleandyourcountry,anditwilladdtoyourownhappiness.Ifyouwantmoneyjustforyourownneeds,you’llneverbesatisfiedorhappy.
Inaword,youshouldhavemoneyspentformorepeople,onlythencanmoneybethesourceofyourhappiness.
专项练习:
Writing
TaskI
ThereisanerrorinanEnglishmagazinethatyoufeelmustbecorrected.Writealettertotheeditorto
1)pointoutthemistake;
2)suggestthecorrection;
3)expressyourinterestinthemagazine.
Youshouldwriteabout120words.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.
TaskII
Lookatthefollowingpictureandwriteanarticle,whichshouldmeetthefollowingtworequirements:
1)Interpretthemessageconveyedbythepicture;
2)makeyourcommentsonwhatisrepresented.
Nowwriteacompositionofabout150words.
大学生英语竞赛写作部分解题技巧与评析参考答案
DearEditor,
I’maloyalChinesereaderofyourmagazineGlobalTraveling.IhavereadthearticleentitledAWindowtotheOutsideWorldthatappearedinthelatestissue.InthisarticletheauthormentionedthatbothLiBaiandSuDongpoweregreatpoetsintheSongDynasty.ButactuallythisisnotthecaseandLiBaiisoneofthegreatestfiguresintheTangDynasty.Ithinkthispointshouldbemadecleartothereaderstoavoidconfusingandmisleading.
GlobalTravelingismyfavoritemagazineandIhavebeenreadingitforfiveyears.I’mfondoftravelinganditcanbroadenourhorizonandIcangetalotoffun.Mydreamistotravelaroundtheworldbymyself.Yourmagazinehashelpedmetorealizemydreamtosomeextent.Ienjoythebigpicturesinitandtheyaresoappealingtome.Moreover,thelanguageissoidiomaticthatmyEnglishhasdramaticallyimprovedunconsciously.Inaword,nowordscanexpressmygratitudetoyourmagazine.
Bestwishestoyouandyourmagazine!
LifelongEducation
Thepictureshowsthatmanypeoplearebusygoingtoattenddifferentclassestoenrichtheirmind.Nowadayswiththedevelopmentoftheincreasinglycompetitivesociety,manypeoplefeelthenecessitytofurthertheirstudyindifferentareas.LifelongeducationisbecomingafashioninChina.
Knowledgeispower.Everybodyknowsitandthemainwayforustogainknowledgeisfromlearning.Educationisnotanend,butameanstoanend.Inotherwords,ourpurposeistobefitforlife.Insomemoderncountriesithasbeenfashionabletothinkthatlifelongeducationforallcansolvetheproblemsofsocietyandbuildaperfectnation.Infact,whenwesaythatallofusmustbeeducatedtobefitforlife,itmeansthatwemustbeeducatedinsuchawaythat,firstly,eachofuscandowhateverworkissuitedtoourbrainsandabilityand,secondly,thatwecanrealizethatalljobsarenecessarytosociety.Onlysuchatypeofeducationcanbeconsideredvaluabletosociety.
AsfarasIamconcerned,Ithinkweshouldfollowthetrend.Knowledgeislimitlesswhilelifeisshort.Soweshouldmakefulluseofourtimeforthemosteffectivelearningandmakethegreatestcontributiontoourmotherland.