自然拼读的字母组合和常见规则详解附精美图片和练习Word下载.docx
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forget,give,girl中的g发hardsound
yy在单词起始位置时发音为辅音yes,you,yard,year,yell
y在单词或音节中间或结尾时被当做元音
y在结尾,单词只有一个音节时y发长/i/音,
y在结尾,单词有两个或以上音节时y发长/e/音
y在单词或音节中间时,发短/i/音
小测试:
my,cry,fly,sky
辅音字母组合
辅音字母组合的发音很简单,就是把每个辅音字母的发音连在一起就可以了。
之所以要把它们单独列出来,一个重要的原因就是,每个辅音字母组合是作为一个整体来看待的,在划分音节的时候是不能把这些辅音字母组合分开的。
音节的划分对于一个单词的读音至关重要,我们所学的自然拼音法发音规律,其实都是针对单个音节的,对于多音节的单词来说,要先把单词划分为一个一个的音节,然后再对每个音节应用自然拼音法发音规律。
音节的划分规律在后面我们会讲述,目前只需要熟记这些字母组合,以备后用。
带有l的字母组合
blblack,blame,bless,blue,blast
cl--clock,class,clap,clue,close
fl--flag,fly,flat,flash,flower
gl--glass,glad,glide,glue,globe
pl--plate,plane,place,plus,plan
sl--sled,sleep,slow,slide,slim
带有r的字母组合
br--bridge,break,brave,brown,bread
thr--throw,three,throne,thrift,thrill
在结尾的字母组合
ck(只发一个/k/音)--duck,pack,quick,luck,rock
ld--cold,gold,held,mild,bald
lk--milk,silk,elk,sulk,skulk
mp--lamp,damp,champ,hump,dump
nch--inch,ranch,lunch,bench,crunch
nd--hand,kind,bend,stand,mind
ng(这个音比较特别,是舌头抵住上颚后方所发出的鼻音)--ring,long,sing,wing,lung
nk--sink,bank,trunk,pink,ink
nt--tent,ant,hunt,sent,mint
sh--fish,rash,brush,wish,trash
st--vest,last,test,list,lost
复合字母构成的单音(ConsonantDigraphs)
简单的说,consonantdigraph就是两个(或三个)辅音字母在一起只发一个音,通常指以下四种组合:
ch(tch),sh,wh和th。
ch和sh的发音有点类似中文“吃”和“湿”发音的前半部分,比如下列例词:
chair,check,shoe,shop。
wh的发音可能会比较令人混淆,不同的历史时期,不同地方的人wh的发音会有一些不同。
但现在在美式发音里,公认的说法是,一般来说wh与/w/发音相同,但在o前面发/h/音,比如when,what,whale,who,whole。
th的发音则需要一些记忆力了,在下面这些常用词里,th发浊音(舌尖在上下牙齿中间,声带需要振动,声音从牙齿和舌头之间的缝隙里出来):
they,them-,their,theirs,the,this,that,these,those,then-,than,though,thus,there-(注意,如果一个单词后面带有小横线,就是指以这个单词开始的所有单词,比如them-包括there,therefore,thereafter等)。
其它以th开始的单词基本上都发清音(舌尖在上下牙齿中间,声音从牙齿和舌头之间的缝隙里出来,但是声带不振动),比如think,thank,thirty等。
不发音的辅音字母(SilentConsonants)
在有些辅音字母组合中,其中一个字母是不发音的,该组合所发的音与发音的那个辅音字母所发音相同。
下面列出了这些组合:
ghhghost,ghetto,ghastly
gnggnat,gnarl,gnaw,gnome,sign
knkknife,knit,know,knock,knee
mbbcomb,lamb,thumb,dumb,climb
pnppneumonia
psppsalm,psychic,psychology
rhhrhinoceros,rhyme,rhythm
sccscissors,scent,scene,scenery,scenario
wrwwrong,wrist,wrap,wretch,wrench
ghghlight,high,eight,sigh,night
字母组合的读音也是有规律可循的。
如;
ea,ee字母组合的发[i:
]音:
tea,clean,team,eat,east,speak,please,each,easy,read,sea,teacher,need,cheese,wheel,feel,agree,green,week,thirteen,fourteen,three,deep,peep,weep,sleep,jeep,see,feet,street,teeth,meet,week
部分ea字母组合发[e]:
bread,heavy,breakfast,weather,head,headache,ready,deaf,
oa,字母组合的发[u]音:
road,boat,coat,
ir字母组合的发[ə]音:
girl,bird,thirsty,third,first,birthday,circle,sir,shirt,skirt,dirty,skirt,
ar,组合字母发[a:
(a再s,ss前)也发[a:
]:
hard,card,park,art,car,are,dark,arm,farmer,market,party,large,star,argue,far
class,vase,glass,pass,last,past,task,,mast,vast,cast,fast等
ow字母组合有时发[u]音:
window,yellow,show,slow,sow,tow,bow,mow,等。
ou,ow字母组合有时发[au]音mouth,about,,house,housework,south,how,now,town,等。
oo字母组合有时发发[u]音:
hood,头巾wool,羊毛look,good,foot,room,football,took,cookwood,book,goodbye,
oo字母组合有时发[u:
]food,moon,tool,toon,红椿noon,pool,zoo,too,school,cool,tooth
ear字母组合有时发[iə]音:
tear,dear,fear,gear,hear,near,shear,rear,sear
ear字母组合有时和air一样发[]:
bear,tear,wear,pear,
oy字母组合发[ɔi]音:
boy,toy,hoy赶牲畜的呼叫声,coy腼腆的,foy告别宴会,goy,异教徒soy酱油;
黄豆
ay字母组合发[ei]音:
stay,say,day,gay快乐的,hay干草,lay设置
4.双/三辅音在一起时的联读(ConsonantBlends)
Beginningconsonantblends(bl,br,cl,cr,dr,fl,fr,gl,fr,pl,pr,sc,sk,sl,sm,sn,sp,st,sw,tr,tw,scr,spl,str)
Endingconsonantblends(ft,lf,lm,lp,lt,mp,nd,nk,nt,pt,sk,st)
Wordsendinginll,ss,ff
Consonantdigraphs(ch,tch,sh,th,wh,shr,squ,thr)
5.特殊读法
(1)-固定读音的单词(SightWord):
the,a,is,to,have,are,hey,love等.
6.特殊读法
(2)–带元音的特殊读法(IrregularVowels)
air(hair),al,all(all,tall,mall,hall),alk(talk,walk),alt(halt,salt),ar(car,far),are(hare),au,augh(caught),aw(hawk)ew(new),eigh(eight,weight),ed(stopped,added)er(sister,brother),ir(girl,fir,firm),ur(burn,hurt),or(horn),ie(field),ing,ind(behind),ild(mild,wild),igh(high,night,might),ireoi(oil,boil),old(old,cold),olt,oo(book),oo(tool,school),or(or,horn),ost(most,host),ou(could),ough(cough,through,ought,slough,plough),ould(would,could),oy(boy),ought,,ous(famous),ow(读音一:
cow,now,how,bow;
读音二:
bow,snow),ue(cruel),ui(fluid)tion(attention),sion(expression),endingsounds:
ang,ong,ung,edge,le
7.特殊读法(3)–辅音的特殊读法
有一些辅音不发音(silentconsonants).如:
ghost,comb,lamb,write等
"
q"
总是和"
u"
在一起:
quite,quick,quit,quilt等.
之所以指出这一点,是在这里u不能再被认为是元音,而是和q一起组成一个辅音组合.于是,在quite这个单词里只有两个元音,是双元音单词,第一个元音i发字母音,第二个元音e不发音.
复数s及末尾s的读音(Pluralsandthesoundsofendings)
c和g的两种读音:
如果i(或y)或者e跟在c或者g的后边,c发”s”的音,g发”j”的音:
center,cigar,gem,giant,gym,其他情况下c,g发其字母音:
can,clap,cup,great,glad.
8.多音节单词和复合词(Wordswithmultiplesyllablesandcompoundwords)
多音节单词:
believe,multiple,syllable,compound
复合词:
homework,highway
xx在单词中间或结尾时发/ks/音box,next,mix,six,fox
x在单词中间时有时发/gz/音exit,exam,exact
x在单词起始位置时发/z/音xylophone,xerox
自然拼音拼读练习表
第一天:
aeioua_ee_ei_eo_eu_e
Aa:
matmapbagcathatfanbatapple
Ee:
eggwellredpennethenbedbell
Ii:
licksixbibpigpinkissinkhill
Oo:
oxonoctopusboxsockoperateostrich
Uu:
sunumbrellacupbusnutgununcleunder
capenametapelakegamemaketakehate
theseJapaneseChinese
bitefiveninekiteminenicerideside
rosenoseropenoteposehomerodethose
tubecubeJunecutehuge
第二天:
aiayeeeaeyieighoaowuiue
ai:
tailrainpaintpainjailrailnailmaid
ay:
bayraywaysayhaypayMaylay
ee:
reedseelbeepeeljeepfeetseeteeth
ea:
seameatpeanuteaglepeachtealeafpea
ey:
donkeymonkeyjockeyturkeymonkeyhockeykeytrolley
ie:
tiepieliedie
igh:
rightsightnighttighthightfighthighsigh
oa:
roadtoasttoadcoalgoatboatcoatsoap
ow:
rainbowpillowyellowwindowbowlrowhollowlow
ui:
suitjuicefruit
ue:
Suebluegluetrue
第三天:
areriruror
ar:
armcararmchaircardcartfarmparkgarden
er:
sisterbrotherunderroosterwintermermaidmarkermother
ir:
birthdaycircusdirtybirdcircledirtgirl
ur:
turtlesurfingturkeyfurhurtpursenurse
or:
porchporkhorsehornfortmorningcornfork
第四天:
ouowoioyauawooooea
ou:
houseoutmouthcountfountainmountainshoutmouse
cowtowelclownowlcrownbrownflowertower
oi:
coinoilpointnoiseboilsoilpoisoncoil
oy:
oysterboycowboysoytoy
au:
augustsausesausagenaughtyautumnapplause
aw:
pawdrawsawstrawstrawberrylawn
oo:
moonzooroofroosterbootsfoodspoonroomcoolfoolboomfoolish
bookcookgoodfootlookhook
headsweatersweatpearleadbearleatherfeather
第五天:
chshwhphththknwrmb
ch:
beachlunchcheesebenchchurchchickenchaircherry
sh:
sheepshirtshipfishdishpushshoesshovel
wh:
whalewhitewheelwheatwhipwhistlewheelchairwhisper
ph:
photoelephanttelephonetrophypharmacyalphabet
th:
brotherfeatherleatherfathermother
thumbthreebathmatthirstythiefbathmouthteeth
kn:
knobkneeknifeknockknit
wr:
wristwrinklewrapwreathwrite
mb:
thumblambbombcombcrumbnumb
第六天:
blflplclglbrcrgrprfrtrdr
bl:
blueblackblousebloombleachblanketblondehair
fl:
flatfluflyflameflutefloorflagflower
pl:
planeplayplusplanetplatformplumplateplant
cl:
clockcloudcleanclayclimbcloseclapclown
gl:
gloveglobeglassglueglassesglider
br:
brightbrookbrimbridebrownbreadbrickbrother
cr:
crowncrabcreamcrowcrayoncrocodilecrycroissant
gr:
graygreengrassgrapesgroundgrowgrandma
pr:
prixepriceprawnpressprinceprincesspray
fr:
frogfrostFridayFrenchfriesfruitfrontfriendframe
tr:
tractortrucktraintraytreetriangletrunktrolley
dr:
dreamdrumdrydropdrawdrivedressdrink
第七天:
smsnslswspstscskallewy
sm:
smilesmallsmellsmokesmooth
sn:
snowmansnowsnoresnakesnailsneakerssneakerssnack
sl:
slowslapsleepslideslopesled
sw:
switchswallowswanswimsweetswingsweatersweat
sp:
spiderspaceshipspinachspoonspell
st:
stockingsstorestarstampstormstickstudentstand
sc:
scarfscooterscannerscarecrowscalescorpionscoop
sk:
skunkskisskirtskates
all:
calltallfallballwall
ew:
dewfewviewhewnewnephewnewspaper
Yy:
skyflydryspytypeshycrymyYy:
Minysunnypuppydizzydirtyponyhappybaby
自然拼音强化练习:
Tonguetwister
1.Abigblackbearsatonabigblackbug.
2.Abigblackbugbitabigblackdogonhisbigblacknose!
3.Cat,Cat,catchthatfatrat.
4.Afatcatcatchesamadrat.
5.Bluegluegun,greengluegun.
6.Blackbackground,brownbackground.
7.Anoisynoiseannoysanoyster.
8.Agoodcookcancookgoodcookies.
9.AtnoonItookagoodbook,andsatbythepoolinthewood.Isoontookoffmyboot.Andputmyfootinthepool.Oh!
Howcool,howcool.
10.Thehunterandhishugehorsehidebehindinhouse.
11.BettybetterbutterBrad'
sbread.
12.Twotinytigerstaketwotaxistotown.
13.Thefirstisthe