食品专业英语复习资料整理版按PPTWord文件下载.docx
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[]squarebrackets;
络合物中的方括号可以不读
7.(OH)2读法:
pauseOHpausetwice;
OpenbracketOHclosebrackettwice;
OHinbracketstwice
8.A+B→C+D:
AplusBgivesCplusD
9.9.关于地址的翻译:
201室:
Room201;
12号:
No.12;
2单元:
Unit2;
3号楼:
BuildingNo.3;
长安街:
ChangAnstreet;
南京路:
Nanjingroad;
长安公司:
ChangAnCompany;
宝山区:
BaoShanDistrict;
赵家酒店:
ZhaoJiahotel;
钱家花园:
Qianjiagarden;
孙家县:
Sunjiacounty;
李家镇:
Lijiatown;
广州市:
Guangzhoucity;
广东省:
Guangdongprovince;
中国:
China
第4课:
WHOStrategyonFoodSafety----Biotechnologyanditsimplicationstofoods
Newwords:
1.herb:
草,草本植物,药草;
herbiciden.除草剂;
herbage:
n.牧草,草本植物;
herbal:
a.草的草本的
Chineseherbalmedicine;
Westernmedicine;
herbalist:
中医师
2.allergenn.变态反应素,能引起过敏症的物质,过敏原;
allergy:
n.过敏;
haveallergy:
过敏
3.antibioticn.抗生素adj.抗菌的,抗生素的;
biotica.有关生命的
4.agro-:
田野,土壤;
agronomicadj.农学的,农艺的;
agrobiologyn.土壤生物学;
agrologyn.土壤学
5.agri-农业的;
agriculturen.农业;
agrimotorn.农用拖拉机
6.carotenen.胡萝卜素;
carrotn.胡萝卜
7.fermentationn.发酵;
fermentv.发酵;
fermentationfood发酵食品
8.bioreactorn.生物反应器;
bio-生物;
bioactivepeptide活性肽;
biochemisttest生化试验
9.safetyassessment安全评估;
GMOgeneticallymodifiedorganism转基因生物;
RecombinationDNAtechnology重组DNA技术;
CACCodexAlimentariusCommission食品法典委员会;
FAOFoodandAgricultureOrganization(联合国)粮农组织;
FDA(foodanddrugadministration):
(美国)食品药品管理局;
CFR(codeoffederalregulation)(美国)联邦法规;
AOAC(AssociationofOfficialAnalyticalChemists)分析化学家协会
10.recombinantDNAtechniques重组DNA技术;
DNA=deoxyribonucleicacid级脱氧核糖核酸;
herbicide-tolerant
耐药性除草剂;
insect-resistantcrops抗虫农作物
重要段落:
1.WHOhasbeenactivelyparticipatinginthedevelopmentofprinciplesandrecommendationsfor(thesafetyassessment)ofGMfoods(derivedfromgeneticallymodifiedorganisms(GMO).
世界卫生组织积极参与到由转基因生物(GMO)生产的转基因食品的安全性评估的原则和推荐标准的开发工作中。
(participatein参与,参加,分享;
safetyassessment安全评估)
2.Theresults(developedinthecourseofvariousexpertconsultations)formthebasisforguidelinesonnationallevelsandarepresentlybeingincorporatedintointernationallyrecognizedstandards。
专家磋商结果为国家标准的制定奠定了基础,并正在被编入国际认可的标准。
(incorporateinto合并,编入)
3.Theapproach(basedontheprincipleof“substantialequivalence”实质等同)provedtobeadequateforthesafetyassessmentof(thefirstgenerationofGMcrops).
以“实质等同”原理为基础的评估方法完全可以对第一代转基因作物的安全性进行评价。
(baseon基于;
ontheprincipleof根据……的原则;
adequatefor适合,足够)
4.Nevertheless,theconceptissubjecttoongoingcriticism.Contemporaryactivitieshavetotaketheseargumentsintoaccountandcontributetothedevelopmentofscience-basedadjustmentsandimprovements.
然而,这一概念也一直受到批评。
现在(我们)必须考虑这些争议,科学地调整和改进我们的行动。
(besubjectto使遭受;
take…intoaccount考虑;
contributeto促成)
5.Thenextgenerationofgeneticallymodifiedfoodswillbecropswithimprovednutritionalvalue,thuscrossingtheborderlineto“functionalfoods”and“nutriceuticals”.
下一代的转基因食品将是改进营养价值的作物,它将超出“功能食品”或“营养药物”的边界。
6.Futurefoodsafetyassessmentstrategieswillhavetocopewiththemorecomplexmetabolicchanges(causedbythegeneticmodification).
未来的食品安全性评估策略,必须解决由转基因带来的更复杂的代谢变化。
7.EvaluationswillincreasinglyhavetoconsidertheimpactofaGMfoodontheoverallnutritionalstatus(takingintoaccountthedifferentneedsindevelopedanddevelopingcountries.)
评价工作必须从发达国家和发展中国家不同需要的角度出发,更多地考虑转基因食品对整个营养状况的影响。
8.LabelingofGMfoods,althoughnotrelatedtofoodsafety,canbeusedasatooltoincreasethetransparencyoffoodproductionprocessesandthus,inconjunctionwithtraceabilitystrategies,tocontributeindirectlytofoodsafetyingeneral.
尽管与食品的安全性无关,转基因食品的标签作为一种工具,可以提高食品生产过程的透明度,因此,大体上,它可以与可追溯策略一道,间接地提高食品安全性。
(inconjunctionwith与…协力)
9.Sofarthereisnoreportonanyadverseeffectsonhumans(resultingfromtheconsumptionoffoodsproducedbyapplicationofrecombinantDNAtechniques).(sofar到目前为止,迄今;
reporton有关…的报道:
adverseeffectson对…有不良影响)
迄今,还没有关于食用利用DNA重组技术生产的食品对人体造成不良影响的报道。
10.However,thebenefitsexpectedfromthenextgenerationofGMcrops(improvednutritionalvalue,functionalfoods)willresultinnewissues(complexmetabolicchanges,significantimpactonoverallnutritionalstatus)andthuswillposenewchallengesintermsoffoodsafetyassessment.
第5课AlcoholicBeverages
Newwords
1.poly-"
多的"
;
polysaccharide多糖;
polyacid多元酸;
polyatomic多原子的;
多酸的
2.-ose"
糖"
sucrose蔗糖;
fructose果糖;
maltose麦芽糖;
glucose葡萄糖;
lactose乳糖;
galactose半乳糖
3.glyco-甜,糖原;
glycine[Gly]甘氨酸;
glycogen肝糖原动物淀粉;
glycolysis糖酵解
4.-ase"
酶"
invertase转化酶;
permease透性酶;
amylase淀粉酶;
enzyme酶
5.oxid-氧化物的;
oxide氧化物;
oxidase氧化酶;
oxidant氧化剂;
oxidative氧化作用
6.pyruv-丙酮……的;
pyruvate丙酮酸盐或酯;
pyruvateoxidase丙酮酸氧化酶;
pyruvicacid丙酮酸
pyruvicalcohol丙酮醇;
pyruvicaldehyde丙酮醛
7.acid酸性的;
basic碱性的;
ethanol醇,乙醇(alcohol);
aldehyde醛;
ketone酮
8.spiritn.酒精(溶液),烈酒,蒸馏酒。
spiritsn.酒精饮料烈性酒;
neutrala.酸碱中和的,酸碱平衡的,中性的;
neutralspirits(酒精):
Ethylalcoholdistilled,oftenusedinblendedalcoholicbeverages.
9.fortifieda.加强的;
fortifiedwines加白兰地的葡萄酒;
fortifiedbread强化面包;
fortifiedfood强化食品;
alcoholcontent酒度酒精含量;
alcoholstrength酒精浓度;
byadditionof增加…
10.strainn.品系菌株;
CO2carbondioxide;
di-二disaccharide;
dipeptide
1.Alcoholicbeveragesareproducedfromarangeofrawmaterialsbutespeciallyfromcereal,fruitsandsugarcrops.
(cereal谷类;
crop农作物;
cane甘庶,beet甜菜)
2.Theoreticalyieldsfrom1gglucoseare0.51gethanoland0.49gCO2.However,inpractice,approximately10%oftheglucoseisconvertedtobiomassandyieldsofethanolandCO2reach90%oftheoreticalvalues.(biomass:
生物量)
3.Theyeast-cellenvelopecontainsaplasmamembrane,aperiplasmicspaceandacellwall(consistingmainlyofpolysaccharideswithasmallamountofpeptidematerial).(envelope外膜;
plasmamembrane质膜;
periplasmic外周胞质,周质)
4.Thewallcomponentisasemi-rigidbutsolutepermeablestructure(whichprovidesconsiderablycompressionalandtensilestrengthtoyeasts)
细胞壁成份是一种半固体、可透性结构,使酵母可承受一定的压力与张力。
5.Carboxylgroupsofcell-wallpeptidesconferimportantflocculatingcharacteristicsonbrewingyeasts,facilitatingpost-fermentationsolid-liquidseparation.(flocculatingcharacteristics絮凝特性;
brewingyeasts酿造酵母;
post-fermentation后发酵)
位于酿造酵母细胞壁上的肽的羧基具有重要的絮凝特征,这有利于发酵后物质的固液分离
6.Interesthasdevelopedintheuseofhighalcoholtolerantyeastsinhigh-gravitybrewingprocessesandinalcoholproductionfordistillationwithaviewtoincreasingplantproductivityanddecreasingdistillationcosts.
其它:
1.当表示一种微生物的名称时,通常将属名放于前,种名放于后。
而且以斜体字表示。
Saccharomycesuvarum葡萄酒酵母亦写作:
S.uvarum
2.a2asquareorasquared;
b3bcubeorbcubed;
c4c(raise)tothefourth;
f-1ftotheminusone;
0.4zeropointfour;
0.01pointnoughtone;
10.34tenpointthreefour
3.ggramme;
kgkilogramme;
mgmilligramme;
ttonne
4.solute溶质solu.;
solution溶液sol.;
solvent溶剂solv.
5.厌氧的anaerobic;
好氧的aerobic
6.phospholipids磷脂;
PHLphos-磷酸盐的;
lipid脂质
第6课AminoAcids
Newwords:
1.amino-氨基的;
aminogroup氨基-NH2;
aminonitrogen氨基态氮;
aminoacid
2.-yl基;
acyl酰基;
acetyl乙酰基;
methyl甲基;
ethyl乙基;
propyl丙基;
carboxyl羧基;
carbonyl羰基
group基团
3.aminoacylase氨基酰化酶;
peptidase肽酶;
carboxymethyl-羧甲基;
ethylalcohol乙醇;
tricarboxylicacidcycle
4.meta-变化,代谢;
metabolicadj.代谢作用的,新陈代谢的;
metabolicrate代谢率;
metabolicactivity代谢能力metabolicbalance代谢平衡;
metaboliten.代谢(产)物;
metabolismn.新陈代谢;
metabolizev.使代谢,使同化metabolizableadj.可代谢的
5.precursorn.前体;
先驱;
genusn.种类、属;
generapl.;
excretevt.排泄;
分泌;
isolatesn.种群;
feedback反馈;
feedbackinhibition反馈抑制;
mutantn.;
突变异种;
substraten.底物;
ant.终产物:
endproducts
6.
AminoAcid
Neutral
Nonpolar
Amino
Acids
Glycine
Gly
G
Alanine
Ala
A
Valine
Val
V
Leucine
Leu
L
Isoleucine
Ile
I
Phenylalanine
Phe
P
Tryptophan
Try
W
Methionine
Met
M
Cysteine
Cys
C
Proline
Pro
polar
Serine
Ser
S
Threonine
Thr
T
Tyrosine
Tyr
Y
Asparagine
Asn
N
Glutamine
Gln
Q
Acidic
A.A
Asparticacid
Asp
D
Glutamicacid
Glu
E
Basic
Lysine
Lys
Arginine
Arg
R
Histidine
His
H
7.Flavourenhancer风味加强剂;
Bakingantioxidant焙烤抗氧化剂;
Sweetenercomponent甜味成分;
Feedadditive食品添加剂
8.purification纯化;
purifier纯化装置;
purifyv.纯化;
purificant净化剂
9.iso-等,同,异.(P126);
isomer同分异构体;
optical:
光学的;
optically-inactive:
无光学活性的
10.Essentialaminoacids(EAA)必需氨基酸;
Dispensable(nonessential)aminoacids(DAA,NEAA)非必需氨基酸Conditionallydispensableaminoacids条件非必需氨基酸;
Cysteine半胱氨酸←Methionine;
Tyrosine酪氨酸←Phenylalanine;
Taurine牛磺酸
1.Aminoacidsareproducedusingarange