在职硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案十一Word格式文档下载.docx

在职硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案十一Word格式文档下载.docx

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Iwouldnotgothatfar.Energeticpeoplenowroutinelyworkthroughtheir60sandbeyond,andremaindazzlinglyproductive.At78,ViacomchairmanSumnerRedstonejokinglyclaimstobe53.SupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO’Connorisinher70s,andformersurgeongeneralC.EverettKoopchairsanInternetstart-upinhis80s.Theseleadersarelivingproofthatpreventionworksandthatwecanmanagethehealthproblemsthatcomenaturallywithage.Asamere68-year-old,Iwishtoageasproductivelyastheyhave.

Yettherearelimitstowhatasocietycanspendinthispursuit.Askaphysician,Iknowthemostcostlyanddramaticmeasuresmaybeineffectiveandpainful.IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare,haveachievedlonger,healthierlivesthanwehave.Asanation,wemaybeoverfundingthequestforunlikelycureswhileunderfundingresearchonhumblertherapiesthatcouldimprovepeople’slives.

1.Whatisimpliedinthefirstsentence?

A.Americansarebetterpreparedfordeaththanotherpeople.

B.Americansenjoyahigherlifequalitythaneverbefore.

C.Americansareover-confidentoftheirmedicaltechnology.

D.Americanstakeavainprideintheirlonglifeexpectancy.

2.Theauthorusestheexampleofcanerpatientstoshowthat.

A.medicalresourcesareoftenwasted

B.doctorsarehelplessagainstfataldiseases

C.sometreatmentsaretooaggressive

D.medicalcostsarebecomingunaffordable

3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardRichardLamm’sremarkisoneof.

A.strongdisapproval

B.reservedconsent

C.slightcontempt

D.enthusiasticsupport

4.IncontrasttotheU.S.,JapanandSwedenarefundingtheirmedicalcare.

A.moreflexibly

B.moreextravagantly

C.morecautiously

D.morereasonably

5.Thetextintendstoexpresstheideathat.

A.medicinewillfurtherprolongpeople’slives

B.lifebeyondacertainlimitisnotworthliving

C.deathshouldbeacceptedasafactoflife

D.excessivedemandsincreasethecostofhealthcare

参考答案：

CABDC　Earlyintheageofaffluence（富裕）thatfollowedWorldWarII,anAmericanretailinganalystnamedVictorLebowproclaimed,“Ourenormouslyproductiveeconomy...demandsthatwemakeconsumptionourwayoflife,thatweconvertthebuyinganduseofgoodsintorituals,thatweseekourspiritualsatisfaction,ouregosatisfaction,inconsumption....Weneedthingsconsumed,burnedup,wornout,replacedanddiscardedataneverincreasingrate.”

AmericanshaverespondedtoLebow’scall,andmuchoftheworldhasfollowed.

Consumptionhasbecomeacentralpillaroflifeinindustriallandsandisevenembeddedinsocialvalues.Opinionsurveysintheworld’stwolargesteconomies—JapanandtheUnitedStates—showconsumeristdefinitionsofsuccessbecomingevermoreprevalent.

Overconsumptionbytheworld’sfortunateisanenvironmentalproblemunmatchedinseveritybyanythingbutperhapspopulationgrowth.Theirsurgingexploitationofresourcesthreatenstoexhaustorunalterablyspoilforests,soils,water,airandclimate.

Ironically,highconsumptionmaybeamixedblessinginhumanterms,too.Thetime-honoredvaluesofintegrityofcharacter,goodwork,friendship,familyandcommunityhaveoftenbeensacrificedintherushtoriches.

Thusmanyintheindustriallandshaveasensethattheirworldofplentyissomehowhollow—that,misledbyaconsumeristculture,theyhavebeenfruitlesslyattemptingtosatisfywhatareessentiallysocial,psychologicalandspiritualneedswithmaterialthings.

Ofcourse,theoppositeofoverconsumption—poverty—isnosolutiontoeitherenvironmentalorhumanproblems.Itisinfinitelyworseforpeopleandbadforthenaturalworldtoo.Dispossessed（被剥夺得一无所有的）peasantsslash-and-burntheirwayintotherainforestsofLatinAmerica,andhungrynomads（游牧民族）turntheirherdsoutontofragileAfricangrassland,reducingittodesert.

Ifenvironmentaldestructionresultswhenpeoplehaveeithertoolittleortoomuch,wearelefttowonderhowmuchisenough.Whatlevelofconsumptioncantheearthsupport?

Whendoeshavingmoreceasetoaddnoticeablytohumansatisfaction?

1.TheemergenceoftheaffluentsocietyafterWorldWarII.

A.ledtothereformoftheretailingsystem

B.resultedintheworshipofconsumerism

C.gaverisetothedominanceofthenewegoism

D.gavebirthtoanewgenerationofupperclassconsumers

2.Apartfromenormousproductivity,anotherimportantimpetustohighconsumptionis______.

A.thepeople’sdesireforariseintheirlivingstandards

B.theconceptthatone’ssuccessismeasuredbyhowmuchtheyconsume

C.theimbalancethathasexistedbetweenproductionandconsumption

D.theconversionofthesaleofgoodsintorituals

3.Whydoestheauthorsayhighconsumptionisamixedblessing?

A.Becausepovertystillexistsinanaffluentsociety.

B.Becauseoverconsumptionwon’tlastlongduetounrestrictedpopulationgrowth.

C.Becausetraditionalritualsareoftenneglectedintheprocessofmodernization.

D.Becausemoralvaluesaresacrificedinpursuitofmaterialsatisfaction.

4.Accordingtothepassage,consumeristculture.

A.willnotalleviatepovertyinwealthycountries

B.willnotaggravateenvironmentalproblems

C.cannotthriveonafragileeconomy

D.cannotsatisfyhumanspiritualneeds

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A.humanspiritualneedsshouldmatchmaterialaffluence

B.whetherhighconsumptionshouldbeencouragedisstillanissue

C.howtokeepconsumptionatareasonablelevelremainsaproblem

D.thereisneveranendtosatisfyingpeople’smaterialneeds　　参考答案：

BBDDC　Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;

alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.

Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses’convention,ofastorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.AmanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodations,beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,andsoon.Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeandfriendlyuntil,waitinginalineforlunch,thenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfoodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself.“Whoisthat?

”thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter.“On,that’sGod,”camethereply,“butsometimeshethinkshe’sadoctor.”

Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouandit’llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairman’snotoriousbadtasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyoumustn’tattempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparagingremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman.YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.

Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural.Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner.Oftenit’sthedeliverywhichcausestheaudiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.

Lookforthehumor.Itoftencomesfromtheunexpected.Atwistonafamiliarquote“Ifatfirstyoudon’tsucceed,giveup”oraplayonwordsoronasituation.Searchforexaggerationandunderstatements.Lookatyourtalkandpickoutafewwordsorsentenceswhichyoucant