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二、句子成分的省略
1.省略主语
Begyourpardon.(我)请你原谅。
(Beg前省略了主语I)
Takecare!
当心!
(Take前省略了主语you)
Looksasifitwillrain.看起来像要下雨。
(Looks前省略了主语it)
2.省略谓语
Whonext?
该谁了?
(Who后面省略了谓语comes)
Theriverwasdeepandtheicethin.(ice后面省略了was)
We’lldothebestwecan.我们将尽力而为。
(can后面省略了动词do)
3.省略表语
Areyouready?
Yes,Iam.你准备好了吗?
我准备好了。
(am后面省略了ready)
Hewasaloverofsportsashehadbeeninhisyouth.他还是像年轻时那样,是一位运动爱好者。
(hadbeen后面省略了aloverofsports)
4.省略宾语
Let’sdothedishes.I’llwashandyou’lldry.让我们洗碗吧,我来洗,你来揩干。
(wash和dry后面省略了宾语thedishes)
5.省略定语
Hespentpartofthemoneyandtheresthesaved.那钱他花了部分,其余的他都存了起来。
(therest后面省略了定语ofthemoney)
6.省略状语
Hewasnothurt.Strange!
他没有受伤,真奇怪!
(Strange前面省略了状语how)
三、不同句式中的省略
1.简单句中的省略:
在对话中,若交谈双方都知道谈论的对象,则可以省略句子的主语;
省略主语和谓语的现象在交际用语中出现的很多。
(1)Hopetohearfromyousoon.
(2)Soundslikeagoodidea.
2.并列句中的省略:
在并列句中,相同的成分如主语,谓语,宾语等都可以省略:
(1)TheylearnFrenchandweEnglish.(谓语相同)
(2)Myfatherplannedandbuiltallthesehouses.(主语相同)
(3)JohnwonthefirstraceandJimmythesecond.(谓语相同,宾语相同)
3.复合句中的省略:
定语从句:
(1)That’sthereasonheislatefortheconference.
状语从句:
在某些状语从句中,如谓语中有be,其主语和主句的主语一样,可作部分省略
(1)If(itis)heated,waterwillboil.
(2)Tomwasattackedbycrampwhile(hewas)swimmingacrosstheriver.
宾语从句:
如果宾语从句中的谓语部分与主句的谓语部分或上文的谓语部分相同,可将从句部分的谓语省略。
(1)Wewilldowhatwecan(do)tohelpyou.
(2)—IsMr.Kinginhisoffice?
—Sorry,Idon’tknow(whetherheisinhisofficeornot).
4.动词不定式的省略:
在口语中,为了避免重复,不定式可以省去和句子前部重复的动词原形而只留下不定式符号to
(1)—Wouldyouliketogowithus?
—I’mgladto,butIhavetofinishmyhomework.
在usedto,oughtto,haveto,wouldlike/loveto,wishto,begoingto等结构中,常常省略to后面的动词原形。
(1)Theydonotvisittheirparentsasmuchastheyoughtto.
(2)Hedoesn’tgetupearlyasheusedto.
(3)I’llhanditinifIhaveto.
在tell,warn,order,advise,ask等动词的宾语后面接动词不定式做宾语补足语时,可以省略to后面的动词原形。
(1)HewantedtoswimacrosstheriverbutIwarnedhimnotto.
(2)Theboywantedtoplayfootballinthestreet,buthismothertoldhimnotto.
如果不定式中含有be,have,或havebeen,一般要保留be,have或havebeen。
(1)—Areyouonholiday?
你放假了吗?
—No,butI’dliketobe(onholiday).没有。
不过我很愿意。
(2)—Shehasn’tdoneityet.她还没有做。
—Sheoughtto(havedoneit).她本该做。
5.在than或as引导的从句中的省略
Theystayedtalkingmuchlongerthanwasstrictlynecessary.他们谈了很久,严格来说用不着谈那么久。
OwingtothelatearrivalofyourL/C,shipmentcannotbeeffectedasstipulated.由于你方信用证延迟到达,货物不能按期装运。
四、难点释疑
1.省略句可同时省掉句子几个成份:
Whatexcitingnews!
(=Whatexcitingnewsitis!
)多么令人激动的消息啊!
Pityhe’sfailed.(=Itisapitythathe’sfailed.)很遗憾,他失败了。
Ilikehimmorethanher.(=IlikehimmorethanIlikeher.)我喜欢他更甚于喜欢她。
2.英语中有一些固定的省略结构:
(1)在以if,when,though,asif(好像)等连词引导的从句中,如从句中的主要动词是be,常将主语和动词be省略。
Ifnecessary,weshallsendatelegramhome.如有必要,我们就往家里打电报。
Wheneverpossible,hewillcometomyhelp.他一有可能就来帮助我。
Whilecycling,don’tforgetthetrafficlights.骑车时,不要忘记看红绿灯。
(2)由固定词组引导的疑问句:
Whatabouthavingagameofchess?
下盘棋怎么样?
Howcometheyleftyoualonehere?
他们怎么会把你一人留在这里呢?
Whatifit’sraining?
如果天下雨怎么办?
Whynottryagain?
为什么不再试试呢?
3.被省略的部分一般可以在句子中补上,但有时省略结构已经定型,如果把省略部分补上,反而不合乎习惯。
HeistallerthanIam.他比我高。
(am之后省略tall,补上不合习惯)
Noparking.禁止停车。
(告示用语=Noparkingisallowedhere.)
有一些习惯表达很难补上所省略的部分:
Notatall.不用谢。
Nomatter.不要紧。
Thanks.谢谢。
练习:
从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.Whenfirst______tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.
A.introducingB.introducedC.introducesD.beingintroduced
2.Itshamesmetosayit,butItoldaliewhen______atthemeetingbymyboss.
A.questioningB.havingquestionedC.questionedD.tobequestioned
3.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut______hesaidit.
A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich
4.—Susan,willyoupleasegoandemptythatdrawer?
—______?
A.WhatforB.WhatisitC.HowisitD.Howcome
5.I’mlookingforwardasmuchtoherreturnassheherselfto______me.
A.haveseenB.seeingC.meetD.bemet
6.Whocanyouturntointimeofdanger,ifnot______?
A.ourselvesB.oursC.weD.us
7.—Didyouvisitthemuseumlastweek?
—No,we______,butwespenttoomuchtimeshopping.
A.couldhaveB.couldC.musthaveD.must
8.—Isyourmothergoingtothesupermarket?
—No,______.
A.shedoesn’tB.she’scookingC.shegetsbybusD.toatailor’sshop
9.—Shemaynotbefreetoday.
—______,we’llhavetoputthemeetingoff.
A.IfmayB.Ifnot
C.IfshemaynotD.Ifshemaynotbefreetoday
10.Shehurriedlylefttheroomasif______.
A.sheangryB.wasangryC.itwasangryD.angry
11.______,Iwillhelpyouwithyourwork.
A.IfIampossibleB.IfitpossibleC.IfpossibleD.Possible
12.—Doyoufollowme?
—Yes,______.
A.itisgoodB.IwillC.perfectlyD.verygood
13.—Howmanypoorcountieswilltherebeinourprovinceby2020?
—Therewillbeonlyafew,if______.
A.muchB.someC.anyD.many
14.—Howareyougettingonwithyourwork?
—Oh,I’msorry.Thingsaren’tgoingsowellas______.
A.plansB.planningC.plannedD.toplan
15.—Areyouateacher?
—No,butI______.Iworkedinamiddleschoolforthreeyears.
A.amB.willC.doD.was
SectionBStructure
重点句子讲解
I.Whenheisunclearaboutsomething,hequizzesandchallengeshisstaff.“Educatemeonthat,”hemightsay,lookingtomakeclearavaguestatement.
tomakeclearavaguestatement这部分动词make的宾语是avaguestatement,clear是宾语补足语,正常的语序是makeavaguestatementclear,但由于宾语部分过长,将宾语部分调整到宾语补足语的后面,符合英语中的“尾重原则”(endweight)。
Rewritethefollowingsentenceswiththeprincipleof“endweight”:
1.LearningthecultureinsideEnglishisveryimportant.
2.Ourhomeinthefuturewouldbesuch.
3.Theletteryouhavebeenlookingforwardtoishere.
II.“Youhadbetteradjusttoitbecausethere’snousetryingtobeathim.”
“Thereisnouse/good/sense/point(in)doingsth.”是一个固定句型,表示“做某事是没有用的”。
例如:
It(There)isnousecryingoverspiltmilk.(Proverb)
为溅出的牛奶哭也没用。
(覆水难收,悔恨无益。
)
TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.
4.和他理论这样的事情是没用的。
5.寻找那只丢失了的金表只是徒劳。
6.批评他也没有用。
PARTTWO:
VOCABULARYANDEXPRESSION
I.Completeeachofthefollowingsentenceswiththeproperformofthewordgiveninthebrackets.
1.Institutionsmustpersistentlywarnthepublicofthe_____________consequencesofAIDSforChinaandallofAsia.(dead)
2.Inoureffortsto______________,tointroducereformandtoopentotheoutsideworld,wemayencounterdangersanddifficulties.(modern)
3.Muchtoourdisappointmentandfrustration,however,the_______________toldusthatthehotelwas“forChineseonly”.(reception)
4.The_____________saidthatChinasupportsNorth-Southdialogueandiswilingtotakeanactivepartinsouth-southcooperation.(speak)
5.Thankheavenstheshipwaslateleaving!
Haditleft_____________,weshouldhavemissedit.(punctual)
6.Thereisaboardinfrontofthegatewhichreads:
“Wildlife____________area.Donotenter.”(conserve)
7.Icouldn'
tspeakItaliansoIaskedMariatodothe______________workformeintheshop.(interpret)
8.Throughthenationwidesalesnetworkofthecompanytheycan___________goodseasilytovariouspartsofthecountry.(distribute)
9.China'
smodernizationisinseparablefromhereconomic___________andtradetieswithothernations.(operate)
10.Weeventuallybeattheenemybackafterseveraldaysof_____________battles.(blood)
II.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorphrasesgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.
bat
conquer
distribute
bloom
interpret
abolish
claw
propose
circulate
reverse
mushroom
discriminate
1.Thebooksinthelibrarywere___________accordingtosubjects.
2.Throughaggressiveadvertisingthecompanymanagedto______backitsshareofthemarket.
3.Aftermanyattemptstoclimbit,themountainwasfinally__________in1990.
4.They____________thenormalorderoftheceremonyandhadtheprayersatthebeginning.
5.Thenewsoftheenemy’sdefeatquickly___________aroundthetown.
6.Noteveryoneagreedwiththewayshe___________thepianosonata,butitwasatechnicallyperfectperformance.
7.Thecompanyhas__________anewformulaforsettlingthedispute.
8.Deathdoesnot____________;
itcomestoeveryone.
9.TheChancelloroftheExchequer(财政大臣)refusetoaskparliamentto_________thetaxonalcohol.
10.Flowers________andfadeandanotheryeargoesby.
III.Fillineachoftheblankswithasuitableprepositionoradverb.
1.Hecanbeintransigentandpig-headed_____times.
2.She’sveryuncertain______towhetherit’stherightjobforher.
3.Everytimeyouseeheratwork,sheis_____highgear.
4.Therearemanypeoplewhohavehelpedme—toomuchtomention_____name.
5.He’snotverytalkativeexcept______thesubjectofhisplansonthisproject.
6.Thepresentdifficultiesstem_______outfailuretodealwiththeproblemwhenitfirstarose.
7.Theconclusionofthisagreementis_____theinterestofbothsides.
8.Sheset_______allobjectionsandmarriedthepooryoungman.
9.Thestudyshowsth