七年级英语下册第十一单元重点短语语法归纳练习人教新目标版Word下载.docx
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第二部分【重点语法】
一、一般过去时
1.定义
一般过去时表示过去某个时间或一段时间内发生的动作或状态;
也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
e.g.
Igotupat7:
00yesterday.我昨天7点起床。
Ivisitedmygrandparentslastweek.我上周看望了我的祖父母。
Healwayswenttoworkbybuslastyear.去年他总是乘公交车去上班。
Shewenttothecinemaonceamonthwhenshewasatschool.她上学时每个月去看一场电影。
2.时间标志词
1)yesterday或以其构成的短语yesterdaymorning,yesterdayafternoon,thedaybeforeyesterday
2)“时间段+ago”amomentago,twodaysago
3)“last+时间名词”lastnight/year/week,
4)in1999,inthepast,atthattime,justnow等
3.一般现在时的结构及句型变化
结构:
一般现在时的结构主要有三种形式:
(1)谓语动词为be动词时
肯定句:
主语+was/were+其它.
否定句:
主语+was/were+not+其它(wasnot=wasn’twerenot=weren’t)
一般疑问句:
was/were+主语+其它
e.g.
Iwaslateyesterday.TheywereinChinalastyear.
Iwasnotlateyesterday.Theyweren’tinChinalastyear.
Wereyoulateyesterday?
WeretheyinChinalastyear?
肯定回答:
Yes,Iwas.Yes,theywere.
否定回答:
No,Iwasn'
t.No,theyweren’t
缩写形式:
wasnot=wasn’t;
werenot=;
【注意】shewas可以缩写吗?
Theywere可以缩写吗?
(2)谓语动词为实义动词时
主语+动词过去式+其它.LiMingstudiedEnglishthismorning.
主语+didn’t+动词原形+其它.LiMingdidn'
tstudyEnglishthismorning.
Did+主语+动词原形+其它.DidLiMingstudyEnglishthismorning?
Yes,hedid.
No,hedidn'
t.
【注意】1.谓语动词为实义动词时,变否定句和一般疑问句都找助动词did来帮忙(过去时不分人称和单复数,都是加did或didnot)
2.前面出现了助动词,后面的动词一律用原形。
(还原)
3.变一般疑问句时,一问一答的关系当中,第一人称和第二人称要互换。
【练习】改写句子
1、Therewasacarinfrontofthehousejustnow.
否定句:
___________________________________________
一般疑问句:
_______________________________________
_________________________________________
2Theyplayedfootballontheplaygroundyesterdayafternoon.
__________________________________________
______________________________________
________________________________________
【了解】谓语动词为情态动词时:
(情态动词can,may,haveto等等。
)
主语+情态动词过去式+动词原形+其它
Theoldmancouldswim30yearsago.
主语+情态动词过去式+not+动词原形+其它
Theoldmancouldn’tswim30yearsago.
情态动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其它
Couldtheoldmanswim30yearsago?
肯定回答:
Yes,hecould.
否定回答:
No,hecouldn’t.
常用情态动词过去式如下:
can—couldmay―mightshall―shouldwill―would
5.一般过去时的特殊疑问句:
◆特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它?
WhatdidJimdoyesterday?
◆特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其它?
Whowasyoursister?
练习:
对划线部分提问
1.Mymotherdidherhouseworkathomelastnight.
didyourmotherdoherhouseworklastnight?
2.TheyplayedPing-PongwithTom.
didtheyplayPing-Pongwith?
6、动词的过去式
动词过去式构成:
分为规则动词和不规则动词。
1规则动词:
构成规则
例词
一般情况下在动词原形末尾加-ed
help----helped
talk---talked
结尾是e的动词加-d
live---lived
arrive---arrived
hope---hoped
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,先双写这个字母,再加-ed
Stop-stopped
Plan---planned
结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词,先变“y”为“i”,再加-ed.
Study---studied
Carry---carried
Worry---worried
2:
不规则动词:
详见课本P141“不规则动词表”
go---wenttake----tookride----rodefeed----fedsee---saw
grow---grewhave/has---hadget---gotcome---camethink---thought
eat----atefly-flew
【注意】一些动词的过去式跟原形一样:
比如:
put---putcut----cutlet---letread---read等
【课堂练习】
一、写出下列动词的过去式
1.look
2.live
3.stop
4.carry
5.hope
6.trip
7.call
8.finish
9.want
10.are
11.go
12.have
13.do
14.get
e
16.say
17.see
18.put
19.eat
20.take
21.read
二、用适当形式填空。
1.They____(be)
on
the
farm
a
moment
ago.
2.There____(be)
ata
shop
not
long
3.Jenny____(not
go)
to
bed
until
11:
00
o'
clock
last
night.
4.Danny
_____(read
)
English
five
minutes
ago.
5.I
_____(see)
Li
Lei
go
out
just
now.
6.He
____(do)
his
homework
every
day.
7.When
I
was
young,
____(play)
games
with
my
friends.
8.When
____you_____(write)
this
book?
I_____it
year.
9.Did
he____(have)
lunch
at
home?
10.I
_____(eat)
bread,
'
m
full
now.
【答案】were;
were;
didn’tgo;
read;
saw;
did;
played;
didwritewrote;
have;
ate
【综合练习】
一、单项选择:
1.
She
lived
there
before
he
____
China
A.
came
B.
comes
C.
come
D.
coming
2.
When
did
you
____here?
A.got
reached
C.
arrived
in
reach
3.JohnandItovisithisgrandparentslastSundayafternoon.(重2017B)
A.goB.wentC.willgoD.goes
4.-Whydidn’tyoubuyanybread?
(重2015B)
-Sorry,I.
A.forgotB.forgetC.rememberD.remembered
二、完成句子
1.Theydidn’tarriveontimebecausetheygotuplate.对划线部分提问(重2017A)
____________theyarriveontime?
2.ThegirlboughtlotsofclothesonthedayofDouble11lastyear.对划线部分提问(重2016B)
____________thegirldoonthedayofDouble11lastyear?
3.LinLicookedforherparentsonSundays.对划线部分提问
LinLiforherparents?
【答案】ADBA;
Whydid;
Whatdid;
Whendidcook
二、重点句型短语
1.Didyoulearnanything?
“你学到了什么东西?
”
anything“一些,某些”,常用于否定句及疑问句。
e.g.Isthereanythingtoeatinyourhouse?
Thereisn’tanythinginmybag.
[注意]
1)anything后面有形容词修饰时,形容词只能放后面:
anythinginteresting
2)anything也可用于肯定句,常译为“任何事物,任何东西”
【拓展】---复合不定代词
(1)分类-完成表格
some
any
no
every
thing
one
body
(2)考点及用法
①由some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
EveryoneinChinalikestheSpringFestival.在中国,人人都喜欢春节。
Everythingisready.(be)一切都准备好了.
②some系列的词项是肯定词,主要用于肯定句;
any系列的词项是非肯定词,主要用于疑问句、否定句或条件状语从句中。
它们都既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。
Thereissomethingwrongwithher.→Thereisn’tanythingwrongwithher.
Thereisn'
tanyoneintheclassroom.教室里没有人。
Isthereanymeatinthekitchen?
厨房里还有肉吗?
Ihavesomethingtotellyou.变为否定句:
。
【答案】Idon’thaveanythingtotellyou./Ihavenothingtotellyou.
【注意】
在Wouldyou/Couldyou……?
之类的表达请求许可问句中用some,不用any。
(特殊情况:
表达委婉语气时)
--Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?
--Yes,I’dliketo.Somebeef,please.
③形容词或动词不定式修饰不定代词时,通常放在不定代词的后面。
Pleaseshowmesomethinggreat.nothinginteresting
CanIhavesomethingtoeat?
[练习]
1.I’mhungry.Iwant______toeat.
A.anythingB.somethingC.everythingD.nothing
2.-Doyouhave______tosayforyourself?
-No,Ihave______tosay.
A.something;
everythingB.nothing;
somethingC.everything;
anythingD.anything;
nothing
3.Everything______ready.Wecanstartnow.
A.areB.isC.beD.were
4.There’s______withhiseyes.He’sOK.
A.anythingwrongB.wrongsomethingC.nothingwrongD.wrongnothing
【答案】BDBC
2.Howwasyourtriplastweek?
本句回答常用:
Itwasgreat/good/OK/excellent/wonderful.或者Itwasn'
tgood.等
【句型结构】How+be+主语?
=What+be+主语+like?
“……怎么样”
e.g.Howwasyourschooltrip?
=Whatwasyourschooltriplike?
[翻译]-你的寒假怎么样?
Howwasyourwintervacation?
?
3.worry动词,过去式:
worried;
“担心,担忧”
Nothingworriesme.没有什么让我担心.
1worry+that从句(that可省略).
e.g.Weworrieditwouldrain.“我们担心会下雨”
[翻译]Tom担心没人喜欢他的工作。
Tomthatwilllikehisjob.worries;
nobody
2重点短语:
Worryaboutsb/sth.=beworriedaboutsb./sth.担心某人/某事
e.g.Don'
tworryaboutme.不要担心我。
Mybestfriendisworriedaboutme.我好朋友担心着我。
[翻译]
1)家长们担心孩子们的健康。
2)我爸担心我的英语学习。
【答案】Parentsworryaboutchildren’shealth./MyfatherworriesaboutmyEnglish.
4.fastadj.形容词,“快的”
e.g.Thetrainissofast.=Thetrainissoquick.=Thisisafasttrain.
adv.副词,“快地”;
=quickly
例句:
Thetraingoessofast/quickly.
[反义词]
slow形容词,“缓慢的”
slowly副词,“缓慢地”
【练习】
Duringtherace,therabbitruns,buttheturtle(乌龟)runs.
【答案】fast/quickly;
slowly
5.teachsb.sth.教某人某事。
TeachmeEnglish.
teachsb.todosth.教某人做某事。
Mydadtaughtmetodothecleaning.
teachhowtodosth.“教怎样做某事”。
Sheteachesmehowtomakezongzi.
【拓展】宾语从句里,当从句主语与主句所表达的sb.一致,可将从句转变为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
例句:
Theguidetaughtushowtomakeamodelrobot.
=Theguidetaughtushowwecanmakeamodelrobot.
Katedoesn'
tknowwhatsheshoulddo.
=Katedoesn'
tknowwhattodo.
第三部分【课堂练习】
I.单项选择
1.-Wherehegoonvacation?
-Hewenttothemountains.
A.isB.doesC.doesD.did
2.Iamlookingforabirthdaygiftformymother,ButIdidn'
tfindgoodinthemarket.
Thisisnotgood,either.Canyoushowmeone?
A.anything;
anotherB.something;
another
C.something;
theotherD.anything;
other
3-Hey!
Howweretheassistantsinthestore?
-veryfriendly.
A.TheyareB.TheywereC.TheydidD.Theydo
4._________there__________muttonandvegetablesinthenoodles?
A.Is;
anyB.Is;
someC.Are;
anyD.Are;
some
5.Whenhe________young,he________agoodchild.
A.is;
isB.was;
wasC.is;
wasD.were;
was
6.Wehadgreatfuninthebeach.
A.toplayB.playingC.playD.played
7.—________didyoudo?
—Iwenttothesupermarkettobuysomething.
A.WhereB.WhenC.WhatD.How
8.-Didyourparentssleeplateonweekends?
-.
A.Yes,theydidB.No,theydon’tC.Yes,theywere.D.No,theydid.
9.-How
yourvacation?
-Itwasgreat!
A.isB.didC.willbeD.was
10.Martinisinterestedin
Chinese.HewantstocometoChinasomeday.
A.learnB.tolearnC.learningD.learns
11.---HaveyoueverreadthebookHarryPotter?
---Yes,andIthinkit'
svery.Iwanttoreaditagain.
A.boringB.excitingC.boredD.excited
12.LastSundayevening,wemyaunt.Shemeatforus.
A