最新人教版八年级下册英语第一单元知识点文档格式.docx
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2、重点短语
haveacold=catchacold=havetheflu感冒cough咳嗽liedown躺下
takeone’stemperature量体温haveafever发烧
take/havebreaks/abreak休息=take/havearestgetoff下车-geton上车
toone’ssurprise令某人惊讶的是rightaway立刻马上=rightnow
getinto(trouble)陷入(麻烦)getsunburned被晒伤
beusedto(doing)习惯于适应于......takerisks/arisk去冒险
runout(of)用完用尽cutoff切除
(
getoutof离开从......出来beincontrolof掌管管理
giveup(doing)放弃(做)某事haveastomachache胃痛
getanX-ray做一个X射线检查thanksto......由于多亏
intime及时ontime准时thinkabout考虑thinkof认为
falldown摔倒makeadecision作决定
put......on......把....放在...上beinterestedin对...感兴趣
3、用法总结
1.needtodosth需要做某事
eg:
Theteacherneeds_____(rest)forafewminutes.
like意为“听起来像”后接n./adj./句子eg:
Itsoundslikeagoodidea.
!
类似的感官动词+like:
feellike/smelllike/looklike/tastelike/seemlike
sound+adj.结构中,sound是系动词意为“听起来是”后接形容词eg:
Thatsoundsgreat.
+n./doing(v.现在分词)Hewenttoschoolwithouthavingbreakfast.
Helefttheclassroomwithout________anything
v.同意,赞成
agreewithsb/某人的意见看法Doessheagreewithus
agreetodosth同意做某事Theyagreedtosolvetheproblem.
problems(in)doingsth做某事有困难=havetrouble/difficulty(in)doing
haveproblemswithsth=havetrouble/difficultywithsth在某方面有困难
Oneofmygoodfriendssaidhehadproblems__________(learn)English.
¥
getusedtodoingsth习惯于做某事
Heusedtogetuplate,butnowheisusedtogettingupearly.
usedtodosth过去常常做某事(现在不做了)
HeusedtoreadEnglishintheevening.
usesthtodosth使用用某物做某事
Soheusedknifetocutoffhisarm.
beusedtodosth被动被用于做某事
Thesenewpensareusedtopaintthewall.
one’slife丧失生命saveone’slife挽救某人的生命
Helosthislifeinthecaraccident.
;
adj.足够的充足的后接名词n.enoughmoney
adv.足够地修饰形容词/副词enough要后置
Thebookis_______,butIdon’thaveenoughmoney______it.
interesting;
tobuyenough;
tobuy
enough;
buyinginteresting;
buying
9.theimportanceof(doing)sth(做)某事的重要性
importantadj.重要的unimportantadj.不重要的importancen.重要性
Westudentsshouldknowtheimportanceof(learning)English.
n.决定makeadecision(todosth)
decidetodosth决定做某事decidenottodosth决定不做某事
—
TommadeadecisiontostudyEnglishwell.
up放弃
giveup是动词+副词结构接代词作宾语时代词放中间
Theproblemissodifficultforyou,butdon’t_______
A.giveitupitoutupitoutit
giveupdoingsth放弃做某事
Youwillbeverysadifyougiveup______(sing).
用法
keepondoingsth继续做某事(中间有间隔强调重复性)
Hekeptonstudyingthoughhewasverytired.
keepdoingsth继续不停地做某事(不间断连续性)
Keepwalkinguntilyoureachtheendoftheroad.
keepsbdoing让某人一直做某事
Don’tkeeptheotherstudentswaiting.
keepsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事
Weshouldkeepthelittleboyfromsteppingonthegrass.
find找到,强调寻找的结果lookfor强调寻找过程findout找出查明
Iwaslookingformywatch,butIdidn’tfindit.
findsbdoingsth发现某人正在做某事
WhenIwalkedalongtheroad,Ifoundanoldmanshoutingforhelp.
findit+adj形容词+todosth发现做某事是...的
Shefoundithardtofinishtheworkbyherself.
risks=takearisk冒险Helikestakingrisks.
riskone’slifetodo冒着生命危险去做某事
Heriskedhislifetosavethechild.
riskdoingsth
ThemancalledTomoftenrisksflyingoverthesea.
四、短语辨析
1.seesbdoingsth看见某人正在做某事(动作正在发生)
:
seesbdosth看见某人做某事(看到动作全过程或者经常看到动作发生)
IsawtheboycryingwhenIpassedby(路过).
类似的hear/watch/notice/find+sbdo/doingsth
thanksto多亏...由于....=withthehelpof/withone’shelp=becauseof
thanksfor因.......而感谢强调感谢的原因
Thankstomyteacher,Ipassedtheexam.
Thanksforyourhelp.Thanksforinvitingme.
2.intime及时表示动作在规定时间内或比规定时间提前发生
ontime准时按时指正好在规定时间内
Thanksforcomingheretohelpmeintime.
·
Thetrainarrivedintothestationontime.火车准时进站了。
3.thinkabout考虑thinkof认为;
想起
Ionlythoughtaboutsavingtheboywithoutthinkingaboutanything.
Thepicturemakesmethinkofmygrandfather.
WhatdoyouthinkofyourEnglishteacher=Howdoyoulikeyourteacher
4.toomany;
toomuch;
muchtoo;
toomany;
toomuch修饰名词toomany+可数名词;
toomuch+不可数名词
toomanypeopletoomuchwater/homework
muchtoo修饰adj.形容词
Don’teat_____junkfood,oryouwillbe____fat.
A./
B.muchtoo;
toomuchmany;
toomanymuch;
muchtoomuch;
toomany
5.interesting有趣的一般修饰物interested感兴趣的一般修饰人
习惯用法:
get/become/beinterestedinsth/doingsth对......感兴趣
Shebecameinterestedinsingingsongs.
Thestoryisinterestingandallofusareinterestedinit.
6.because连词后接句子
becauseof介词短语后接名词/动名词/代词
Ididn’tgooutlastnightbecauseoftheheavyrain.
=Ididn’tgooutlastnightbecauseitrainedheavily.
7.so...that...如此......以至于......引导结果状语从句
、
sothat以便,为了引导目的状语从句
Sheissoyoungthatshecan’tdressherself.(结果)
Theteacherspokeloudlysothateveryonecouldhearhimclearly.(目的)
so+adj/adv+that从句=too+adj/adv+todosth(太...而不能......)
Sheistooyoungtodressherself.
8.beincontrolof控制管理主动;
反义词组-beoutofcontrol无法管理
beinthecontrolof被控制管理在...的控制之下被动.
Ateachermustbeincontrolofhisclass.
9.runoutof用完,用尽人作主语Wehaverunoutofourmoney.
runout用完,用尽物作主语主语一般为时间金钱Ourtimeisrunningout.
11.sick生病的,有病的可以作表语也可以做定语
ill生病的,有病的只可以作表语比较级为worse最高级为worst
illness名词生病
Shecan’tgotoschoolbecausesheisill/becauseofherillness.
Pleasetakegoodcareofthesickboy.
12.expect/wish/hope
expect预计;
期望,希望expecttodo/expectsbtodosth/expect+that从句
Heexpectstowintheprize.
wish希望;
祝愿可能性较小wishtodosth/wishsbtodosth/
Iwishtoflyinthesky.
hope可能性较大希望hopetodosth/hope+that从句
(没有hopesbtodosth)
Ihopetoseeyousoon.
13.getoff下车geton上车多指从公交车火车飞机下来空间大的交通工具
getoutof从...出来getin上去指上下小型交通工具汽车出租车
LucyisgettingonthebuswhileIamgettingoff.
14.fall(fell)down与falloff
falldown意为“倒下”,在平面摔倒;
falloff意为“跌落”强调从某处掉了下来
联系falldownfrom(从......摔下)=falloff
Whenthelittlegirlranacrossthestreet,shefelldown
:
Hefelloffthebikeandbrokehislegs.
4、语法大点
1.询问对方哪里不舒服,或者遇到什么麻烦以及回答
问:
What’sthematter(withyou)=What’sthetroubl(withyou)=
What’swrong(withyou)=Whathappened(toyou)
=What’sup(withyou)
答:
Ihaveacold(感冒)=Igetacold=Icatchacold=Ihavetheflu.
haveabad/terrible/heavycold(重感冒)havealittlecold(轻感冒)
Ihaveafever(发烧)Ihaveacough(咳嗽)
Ihaveastomachache/headache/toothache/backache(胃痛/头疼/牙疼/后背疼)
Ihaveasorethroat/soreknee/sorefeet(嗓子疼/膝盖疼/脚疼)
2.情态动词should意为“应该”
课本原句:
Youshouldn’teatsomuchnexttime.
Heshouldliedownandrest.
HeshouldadentistandgetanX-ray.
ShouldIputsomemedicineonit
注意:
should没有人称和数的变化
它和其后的动词原形一起做谓语
句式变化:
肯定句:
主语+should+动词原形+其他
Youshouldreadhisnewbook.
否定句:
主语+should+not+动词原形+其他
Youshouldn’teatanything.
一般疑问句式:
Should+主语+动词原形+其他
ShouldItrusthim
特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+should+主语+动词原形+其他
Whenshouldwego
具体用法:
表示委婉地提出建议与意见
Youshouldtakesomemedicine.
表示职责与义务
Asastudent,youshouldworkhard.
表示推测意为“应该可能”对现在或者未来的推测
Mybrothershouldgettherelefthomeat7:
00.
3.反身代词
课本原文:
Butthedriverdidn’tthinkabouthimself
~
HehurthimselfinApril26,2003,hefoundhimselfinaverydangeroussituationwhenclimbinginUtah.
含义:
表示反射或者强调自己的代词叫反身代词,意为“自己,亲自”
具体构成:
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
myself
yourself
himselfherselfitself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
常见搭配:
enjoyoneself=havefun=haveagoodtime
teachoneself=learn...byoneself
byoneself=alone独自
helponeselftosth请随便吃...
introduceoneselfto向...自我介绍
dressoneself自己穿衣服
leavesb,byoneself把某人单独留下
speaktooneself自言自语
loseoneself迷失
注:
反身代词必须与主语保持人称的一致