最新人教版八年级下册英语第一单元知识点文档格式.docx

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最新人教版八年级下册英语第一单元知识点文档格式.docx

2、重点短语

haveacold=catchacold=havetheflu感冒cough咳嗽liedown躺下

takeone’stemperature量体温haveafever发烧

take/havebreaks/abreak休息=take/havearestgetoff下车-geton上车

toone’ssurprise令某人惊讶的是rightaway立刻马上=rightnow

getinto(trouble)陷入(麻烦)getsunburned被晒伤

beusedto(doing)习惯于适应于......takerisks/arisk去冒险

runout(of)用完用尽cutoff切除

getoutof离开从......出来beincontrolof掌管管理

giveup(doing)放弃(做)某事haveastomachache胃痛

getanX-ray做一个X射线检查thanksto......由于多亏

intime及时ontime准时thinkabout考虑thinkof认为

falldown摔倒makeadecision作决定

put......on......把....放在...上beinterestedin对...感兴趣

3、用法总结

1.needtodosth需要做某事

eg:

Theteacherneeds_____(rest)forafewminutes.

like意为“听起来像”后接n./adj./句子eg:

Itsoundslikeagoodidea.

!

类似的感官动词+like:

feellike/smelllike/looklike/tastelike/seemlike

sound+adj.结构中,sound是系动词意为“听起来是”后接形容词eg:

Thatsoundsgreat.

+n./doing(v.现在分词)Hewenttoschoolwithouthavingbreakfast.

Helefttheclassroomwithout________anything

v.同意,赞成

agreewithsb/某人的意见看法Doessheagreewithus

agreetodosth同意做某事Theyagreedtosolvetheproblem.

problems(in)doingsth做某事有困难=havetrouble/difficulty(in)doing

haveproblemswithsth=havetrouble/difficultywithsth在某方面有困难

Oneofmygoodfriendssaidhehadproblems__________(learn)English.

getusedtodoingsth习惯于做某事

Heusedtogetuplate,butnowheisusedtogettingupearly.

usedtodosth过去常常做某事(现在不做了)

HeusedtoreadEnglishintheevening.

usesthtodosth使用用某物做某事

Soheusedknifetocutoffhisarm.

beusedtodosth被动被用于做某事

Thesenewpensareusedtopaintthewall.

one’slife丧失生命saveone’slife挽救某人的生命

Helosthislifeinthecaraccident.

adj.足够的充足的后接名词n.enoughmoney

adv.足够地修饰形容词/副词enough要后置

Thebookis_______,butIdon’thaveenoughmoney______it.

interesting;

tobuyenough;

tobuy

enough;

buyinginteresting;

buying

9.theimportanceof(doing)sth(做)某事的重要性

importantadj.重要的unimportantadj.不重要的importancen.重要性

Westudentsshouldknowtheimportanceof(learning)English.

n.决定makeadecision(todosth)

decidetodosth决定做某事decidenottodosth决定不做某事

TommadeadecisiontostudyEnglishwell.

up放弃

giveup是动词+副词结构接代词作宾语时代词放中间

Theproblemissodifficultforyou,butdon’t_______

A.giveitupitoutupitoutit

giveupdoingsth放弃做某事

Youwillbeverysadifyougiveup______(sing).

用法

keepondoingsth继续做某事(中间有间隔强调重复性)

Hekeptonstudyingthoughhewasverytired.

keepdoingsth继续不停地做某事(不间断连续性)

Keepwalkinguntilyoureachtheendoftheroad.

keepsbdoing让某人一直做某事

Don’tkeeptheotherstudentswaiting.

keepsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事

Weshouldkeepthelittleboyfromsteppingonthegrass.

find找到,强调寻找的结果lookfor强调寻找过程findout找出查明

Iwaslookingformywatch,butIdidn’tfindit.

findsbdoingsth发现某人正在做某事

WhenIwalkedalongtheroad,Ifoundanoldmanshoutingforhelp.

findit+adj形容词+todosth发现做某事是...的

Shefoundithardtofinishtheworkbyherself.

risks=takearisk冒险Helikestakingrisks.

riskone’slifetodo冒着生命危险去做某事

Heriskedhislifetosavethechild.

riskdoingsth

ThemancalledTomoftenrisksflyingoverthesea.

四、短语辨析

1.seesbdoingsth看见某人正在做某事(动作正在发生)

:

seesbdosth看见某人做某事(看到动作全过程或者经常看到动作发生)

IsawtheboycryingwhenIpassedby(路过).

类似的hear/watch/notice/find+sbdo/doingsth

thanksto多亏...由于....=withthehelpof/withone’shelp=becauseof

thanksfor因.......而感谢强调感谢的原因

Thankstomyteacher,Ipassedtheexam.

Thanksforyourhelp.Thanksforinvitingme.

2.intime及时表示动作在规定时间内或比规定时间提前发生

ontime准时按时指正好在规定时间内

Thanksforcomingheretohelpmeintime.

·

Thetrainarrivedintothestationontime.火车准时进站了。

3.thinkabout考虑thinkof认为;

想起

Ionlythoughtaboutsavingtheboywithoutthinkingaboutanything.

Thepicturemakesmethinkofmygrandfather.

WhatdoyouthinkofyourEnglishteacher=Howdoyoulikeyourteacher

4.toomany;

toomuch;

muchtoo;

toomany;

toomuch修饰名词toomany+可数名词;

toomuch+不可数名词

toomanypeopletoomuchwater/homework

muchtoo修饰adj.形容词

Don’teat_____junkfood,oryouwillbe____fat.

A./

B.muchtoo;

toomuchmany;

toomanymuch;

muchtoomuch;

toomany

5.interesting有趣的一般修饰物interested感兴趣的一般修饰人

习惯用法:

get/become/beinterestedinsth/doingsth对......感兴趣

Shebecameinterestedinsingingsongs.

Thestoryisinterestingandallofusareinterestedinit.

6.because连词后接句子

becauseof介词短语后接名词/动名词/代词

Ididn’tgooutlastnightbecauseoftheheavyrain.

=Ididn’tgooutlastnightbecauseitrainedheavily.

7.so...that...如此......以至于......引导结果状语从句

sothat以便,为了引导目的状语从句

Sheissoyoungthatshecan’tdressherself.(结果)

Theteacherspokeloudlysothateveryonecouldhearhimclearly.(目的)

so+adj/adv+that从句=too+adj/adv+todosth(太...而不能......)

Sheistooyoungtodressherself.

8.beincontrolof控制管理主动;

反义词组-beoutofcontrol无法管理

beinthecontrolof被控制管理在...的控制之下被动.

Ateachermustbeincontrolofhisclass.

9.runoutof用完,用尽人作主语Wehaverunoutofourmoney.

runout用完,用尽物作主语主语一般为时间金钱Ourtimeisrunningout.

11.sick生病的,有病的可以作表语也可以做定语

ill生病的,有病的只可以作表语比较级为worse最高级为worst

illness名词生病

Shecan’tgotoschoolbecausesheisill/becauseofherillness.

Pleasetakegoodcareofthesickboy.

12.expect/wish/hope

expect预计;

期望,希望expecttodo/expectsbtodosth/expect+that从句

Heexpectstowintheprize.

wish希望;

祝愿可能性较小wishtodosth/wishsbtodosth/

Iwishtoflyinthesky.

hope可能性较大希望hopetodosth/hope+that从句

(没有hopesbtodosth)

Ihopetoseeyousoon.

13.getoff下车geton上车多指从公交车火车飞机下来空间大的交通工具

getoutof从...出来getin上去指上下小型交通工具汽车出租车

LucyisgettingonthebuswhileIamgettingoff.

14.fall(fell)down与falloff

falldown意为“倒下”,在平面摔倒;

falloff意为“跌落”强调从某处掉了下来

联系falldownfrom(从......摔下)=falloff

Whenthelittlegirlranacrossthestreet,shefelldown

Hefelloffthebikeandbrokehislegs.

4、语法大点

1.询问对方哪里不舒服,或者遇到什么麻烦以及回答

问:

What’sthematter(withyou)=What’sthetroubl(withyou)=

What’swrong(withyou)=Whathappened(toyou)

=What’sup(withyou)

答:

Ihaveacold(感冒)=Igetacold=Icatchacold=Ihavetheflu.

haveabad/terrible/heavycold(重感冒)havealittlecold(轻感冒)

Ihaveafever(发烧)Ihaveacough(咳嗽)

Ihaveastomachache/headache/toothache/backache(胃痛/头疼/牙疼/后背疼)

Ihaveasorethroat/soreknee/sorefeet(嗓子疼/膝盖疼/脚疼)

2.情态动词should意为“应该”

课本原句:

Youshouldn’teatsomuchnexttime.

Heshouldliedownandrest.

HeshouldadentistandgetanX-ray.

ShouldIputsomemedicineonit

注意:

should没有人称和数的变化

它和其后的动词原形一起做谓语

句式变化:

肯定句:

主语+should+动词原形+其他

Youshouldreadhisnewbook.

否定句:

主语+should+not+动词原形+其他

Youshouldn’teatanything.

一般疑问句式:

Should+主语+动词原形+其他

ShouldItrusthim

特殊疑问句:

特殊疑问词+should+主语+动词原形+其他

Whenshouldwego

具体用法:

表示委婉地提出建议与意见

Youshouldtakesomemedicine.

表示职责与义务

Asastudent,youshouldworkhard.

表示推测意为“应该可能”对现在或者未来的推测

Mybrothershouldgettherelefthomeat7:

00.

 

3.反身代词

课本原文:

Butthedriverdidn’tthinkabouthimself

~

HehurthimselfinApril26,2003,hefoundhimselfinaverydangeroussituationwhenclimbinginUtah.

含义:

表示反射或者强调自己的代词叫反身代词,意为“自己,亲自”

具体构成:

第一人称

第二人称

第三人称

单数

myself

yourself

himselfherselfitself

复数

ourselves

yourselves

themselves

常见搭配:

enjoyoneself=havefun=haveagoodtime

teachoneself=learn...byoneself

byoneself=alone独自

helponeselftosth请随便吃...

introduceoneselfto向...自我介绍

dressoneself自己穿衣服

leavesb,byoneself把某人单独留下

speaktooneself自言自语

loseoneself迷失

注:

反身代词必须与主语保持人称的一致

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