DetailedAfter Reading万老师Word格式.docx

DetailedAfter Reading万老师Word格式.docx

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Game-a-holic

TV-a-holic

Pop-a-holic

Work-at-home-a-holic

Movie-a-holic

（3）define:

explainthemeaningof/describeorshowsth.accurately/showclearlyaline,shapeoredge

a）Lifeimprisonmentisdefinedas60yearsunderstatelaw.

b）Thedifficultyofaproblemwasdefinedintermsofhowlongittooktocomplete.

c）Itisdifficulttodefinewhatmakeshersopopular.

d）Themountainwassharplydefinedagainstthesky.

●definition（n）:

anexplanationofthemeaning/thequalityofclearandeasytosee

✧Neighborsbydefinitionlivecloseby（thisiswhatbeinganeighbormeans）.

✧Whatisyourdefinitionofhappiness?

✧ThedefinitionofthedigitalTVpicturesisexcellent.

（4）identify:

recognize/findordiscover

✧Thebodywasidentifiedasthatofthesuspecteddrugdealer.

✧Scientistshaveidentifiedalinkbetweendietandcancer.

●Phrases

✓identifysb.as:

makeitpossibletorecognizewhosb.is.（显示身份）

✓identifywithsb.:

feelthatyoucanunderstandandsharethefeelingsofsb.else.（与某人产生共鸣）

✓identifysth.withsth.:

considersth.tobethesameassth.else.（认为某事等同于）

✓identifysb.withsth.:

considersb.tobesth.（把某人视为）

✓identifyoneselfwithsb/sth.:

support/becloselyconnectedwith（支持；

与…密切关联）

✧Inmanycases,theclothespeoplewearidentifythemasbelongingtoacertainsocialclass.

✧IenjoyedthestorybecauseIcouldidentifywiththemaincharactersinit.

✧Hewasnotthe‘toughguy’thepublicidentifiedhimwith.

✧Youshouldnotidentifywealthwithhappiness.

✧Herefusedtoidentifyhimselfwiththenewpoliticalparty

（5）hit:

haveabadeffecton

TheincreasingcostofoilhitKenyaespeciallyhard.

Hewashardhitbyhisfinanciallosses.

hititbig【俚语】=Tobesuccessful:

成功

aBroadwayhit.百老汇热门的戏剧

hitthebottle【俚语】=Toengageindrinkingalcoholicbeverages喝烈酒

hitthehay或hitthesack【俚语】=Togotobed去睡觉：

hitthehighpoints或hitthehighspots=Todirectattentiontothemostimportantpointsorplaces注意要点

hitthejackpot=Tobecomehighlyandunexpectedlysuccessful,especiallytowinagreatdealofmoney大发横财：

大的和意外的成功，尤指赢了一大笔钱

hitthenailonthehead=Tobeabsolutelyright绝对正确

hittheroad【俚语】=Tosetout,asonatrip;

leave旅行中出发；

离开

hittheroof或hittheceiling【俚语】=Toexpressanger,especiallyvehemently尤指勃然大怒

Hefinallyhittherightexit.

他最终找到了正确的出口.

Monthlysaleshit（attained）anewhigh.月销售达到了一个新高潮。

Shehit（reached）40onherlastbirthday.上次过生日时她已40岁了.

Theideahit（=suit）myfancy.这个观点和我的想法一样

（6）addto（sth.）:

increaseindegree,importance

✧Theawfulweatheronlyaddedtoourdifficultiesincompletingthetask.

✧Fireworkscanaddtofestiveatmosphereonthoseimportantoccasions.

●addupto（sth.）:

makeatotalamountof/leadtoaparticularresultorshowsth.

✧Thecostsforthedecorationoftheirhouseaddedupto$6000.

✧Thesecluesdon’treallyadduptoverymuch（giveusverylittleinformation）.

●（IDM）addfueltothefire/flames:

doorsaysth.thatmakesabadsituationevenworse,especiallybymakingsb.moreangry.（火上浇油）

（7）feedoff:

（1）deriveregularnourishmentfrom（aparticularsubstance）

（2）takeadvantageof

Hispowerfulmindfedoffpoliticaldiscussion.

HefedofftheNettoelevatehiscareer.

（8）foster:

encouragesth.todevelop/（Britain）takeanotherperson’schildintoyourhomeforaperiodoftime

Example:

✧Theclub’saimistofosterbetterrelationswithinthecommunities.

✧Wecouldn’tadoptachild,sowedecidedtofoster.

（9）followthelead:

followtheexample,copytheaction（ofothers）

✧Ifonebankraisesinterestrates,alltheotherswillfollowthelead.

✧Ifwetakealeadinthis（=starttoact）,othersmayfollow.

（10）fault:

sth.thatiswrongornotperfect缺陷/responsibilityforsth.wrongthathashappenedorbeendone责任/过错/过失

✧Inmyopinion,thebook’svirtuesoutweighitsfaults.

✧Thesystem,forallitsfaults,isthebestavailableatthemoment.

✧WhyshouldIapologizewhenit’snotmyfault.

●（IDM）toafault:

havingalot,oreventoomuch,ofaparticularquality

✧Mymotherisgeneroustoafault.

●fault-finding:

theactoflookingforfaultsinsb./sth.找岔子/挑剔

●faultless:

perfect

（11）Stepback:

thinkaboutasifnotinvolved

Fromtimetotime,theteachersshouldstepbackandlettheirstudentsrunthingstheirway.

Itisthetimeforparentstostepbacksothattheirchildrencanhandlethethingtheirownwaywhentheygrowup.

DifficultySentences:

1.Youcancallmeashop-a-holic,asmostofmyfriendsdo,butIcallmyselfaloveroffashion.

Youcancallmeashoppingaddict,asmostofmyfriendsdo,butIwouldrathersayIlovetobuythingsinfashion.

2.Clothescanbeastatement,astyle,oradefinitionofwhoyouare.

Yourclothescantellotherswhoyouare.

服装可以是一种宣示，可以是一种风格的体现，也可以对你的身份进行界定。

3.AsIprogressedtohighschool,advertisingbecameabiginfluence.

AsImovedaheadtohighschool,Ipaidmoreattentiontoadvertising.

4.Clothingcanbesomethingthatdefinesyou;

itidentifiesyouwithacertaingroup.WearingAbercrombiejeansmeansyouarethepreppyall-Americangirl;

aGuessshirtmeansyouarethesnobbyrichgirl,andanythingworseorlessthanthatwasunacceptable.

衣着可以界定一个人的身份，可以将你归入某个群体。

穿Abercrombie牛仔裤说明你是传统而典型的美国女生；

穿Guess牌衬衫说明你是富家千金，自命不凡，不会穿任何差一点的衣服。

5.Collegeisaplacewheretypicallynooneknowsyouatfirst,soyouanbewhoeveryouwanttobe.

在大学里，最初通常没有人认识你，所以你想要表现出什么样的个性都可以。

6.Inmyrequestforidentity,thestyleofclothingIchoosereflectswhoIamorwhattypeofpersonIam.

在寻找个性的过程中，我所选择的衣服款式反映我的个性，反映了我是哪种类型的人。

7.I’mavictimofadvertising.AlthoughIlooktoadsfortheupcomingstyles,Iamstillaffectedbytheunderlyingimagesbehindthem.

我深受广告之害。

尽管我看广告的目的是了解最近要流行的趋势，但我还是会受到广告所要传递的潜在概念的影响。

8.Advertisingreflectsthesocietyandaddstothesocietaldefinitions.Advertisersshowuspeoplearoundus,yettheychooseonlyacertainlook.Byshowingusjustthesepeople,theyaredefiningthosefewasthebeautifulpeople.Advertisingfeedsoffhumaninsecuritiesandmakesuswanttobelikethosebeautifulpeople.Ourinsecuritieswithwantingtobepopularandwantingtobelovedareusedagainstus.Societyfostersthefascinationthatweshouldnotbewhoweare,andadvertisersusethistoinfluenceustobelievecertainmessages.Ifwedonotlooklikethemodels,wearenotbeautiful.Ifwearenotthinandcurvywearenotattractive.Evenifwehavegreatpersonalities,mostpeoplewillnotlikeusifwearenotphysicallybeautiful.广告反映社会，也进一步丰富了对社会上各种事物的界定。

广告商给我们看到的是我们身边的人，但他们选定的这些人只是某种特定外表的人。

他们选择这些人，将这些少数人确定为俊男美女。

广告之所以得以生存，是利用了人们的不安全感，让我们向那些相貌不俗的人靠拢。

人人都有一种不安全感，想要受人欢迎，受人拥戴，这种不安全感被任用来对付我们。

人们向往变成别人的模样，社会就推波助澜，广告商利用这种心理影响我们，让我们相信某些信息。

如果我们不像模特，我们就不够漂亮，如果我们不苗条，没有线条，就不迷人；

如果貌不惊人，就算个性再好，大部分人也不喜欢我们。

UsefulExpressions:

aloveroffashion

name-branditems

asaleshopper

beconcernedwithone’sappearance

avarietyofpeople

stayinfashion

useone’sweakness

physicallybeautiful

humannature

thefieldofmarketing

Writing

TaskOne

DEVELOPINGPARAGRAPHSBYCAUSEANDEFFECT

INTRODUCTION

Inourdailyconversation,questionswithwhyareoftenaskedandanswered.Thisshowsthatcausalanalysisisverycommon.

Soundreasoningorlogicisnaturallythemostimportantqualityofanycausalanalysis.Butitisnotalwayseasytoexplaincausesandeffectsclearlyandlogically.Onereasonforthisisthataneffectmayhavemanycausesandacausemayhavemanyeffects.Sowemustbethoroughinourdiscussionandcarefulinourselectionofdetails.

Therearetwobasicwaysoforganizingparagraphsdevelopedbycauseandeffect.Thefirstmethodistostateaneffectanddevotetherestoftheparagraphtoexaminingthecauses.Forexample,thetopicsentenceis:

“Inthepastfewyears,highereducationhasbecomelessimportanttoyoungpeoplethanitwaspreviously.”Thisisaneffect.Itshouldbefollowedbyadiscussionofthecausesofthiseffect,suchasthepressureoffiercecompetition,betteropportunitiesinthejobmarket,muchoftheknowledgetaughtinuniversitiesandcollegesbeingout-dated,andsoforth.Thesecondmethodistostateacauseandthenmentionorpredicttheeffects.Supposethetopicsentenceis:

“MoreandmorefertilelandinChinaistakenupbynewbuildings.”Intherestoftheparagraphtheeffectsofthisdevelopmentshouldbementioned,suchasthereductionofthegrainoutput,increasingenvironmentalproblems,toomanypeasantsmovingintothecities,etc.

USEFULEXPRESSIONS

becausesinceasfor

becauseofowingtoduetonowthat

owetothankstooutof

Sothusconsequentlytherefore

HenceAccordinglyforthisreasonasaresult

Itfollowsthat

seeingthatforfearthatsuch…thatsoas…to

sothatso…that

theresultoftheeffectoftheconsequenceof

thereasonforthecauseof

resultin/fromhaveaneffecton

make…possible

makeitpossiblefor…to…

EXERCISE

Developan80-wordparagraphbycauseandeffect.《综合教程》p.61:

WhyPeoplefall