英文压井方法kill wellmethodWord文档下载推荐.docx

英文压井方法kill wellmethodWord文档下载推荐.docx

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∙DrillerKillWellMethod

BalanceOfPressuresKillWellMethod

Oncethewellisshut-in,providingnothinghasbrokendown,thepressuresinthewellwillbe 

inbalance. 

Whatislackinginhydrostaticheadoffluidinthewellisnowbeingmadeupbysurfaceappliedpressureontheannulusandonthedrillpipe.

Thisallowsustodeterminewhattheformationpressureisandhencewhatkillmudweightis 

requiredtoachievebalance.

BalanceOfPressureFormula

OnthedrillpipesideoftheU-tubeseepicturebellow

KillWell

Themixtureofmudandformationfluidintheannulusmakesitimpossibletodetermine 

formationpressureusingthecasinginformation. 

Thedrillpipe,however,isfullofcleanmudofknownweightandcanbeusedasa‘barometer’ofwhatishappeningdownhole.

PF 

=HeadofMudinDrillpipe+SIDPP

Oncetheformationpressureisknown,themudweightrequiredtobalance,or‘kill’,itcanbe 

calculated,since

ConstantBHPKillWellMethod

Therearethree‘constantbottom-holepressure’killwellmethodsincommonusetodaywhichare:

• 

Driller’sMethod

Wait&

WeightMethod（alsoknownasthe‘Engineer’sMethod’）

ConcurrentMethod.

Thesethreetechniquesareverysimilarinprinciple,anddifferonlyinrespectofwhenkill 

mudispumpeddown. 

IntheDriller’smethod,thekillissplitintotwocirculations. 

Duringthefirst,thekickfluidis 

circulatedwithoutchangingthemudweight;

oncethekickisout,themudisweightedupand 

pumpedaroundthewellonthesecondcirculation. 

The 

WaitandWeightmethod 

achievesbothoftheseoperationssimultaneously. 

Killmudis 

preparedbeforestartingthekill,andthekickfluidiscirculatedoutwhilethismudiscirculated 

intothewell. 

IntheConcurrentmethod,acompromiseisadoptedbetweenthesetwomethods. 

Thekick 

fluidiscirculatedoutwhilethemudbeingcirculatedin,isweightedupinstages,towardsthe 

killweight. 

Ofthethreemethods,theWait&

Weightmethodisthemostpopular,andtheone 

recommendedforuseinmostinstances. 

Itproduceslowerwellpressuresthaneitherofthe 

othermethods,withanevidentbenefittosafety. 

Eachofthethreemethodsisnowdescribed 

indetail.

TheDriller’sKillWellMethod

IntheDriller’smethod,thekickiscirculatedoutoftheholeusingtheexistingmudweight. 

Themudweightisthenraisedtotherequiredlevelandcirculatedaroundthewell.Twocompletecirculation’sarethusrequired,asaminimum,forthismethod. 

Sinceitdeals 

separatelywiththeremovalofthekickandtheadditionofkillweightmud,itisgenerally 

consideredtobethesimplestofwellcontrolmethods,anditrequiresleastarithmetic.However,thisresults,inthewellbeingcirculatedunderpressureforarelativelylongtime,possiblythelongestofthethreemethods,withanincreasedpossibilityofchokeproblems. 

Also,theannularpressuresproducedduringthefirstcirculationarehigherthanproduced 

withanyothermethod.

CAUTION:

Becauseveryhighannularpressuremayarisewhenkilling 

agaskickwellwiththismethod,careshouldbetaken.Annularwillbeatamaximumimmedietlybeforegasarrivesatsurface,andcasingburstpressurelimitationsmaybecritical.Forthisreason,thedriller’smethod 

isnotgenerallyrecommended.

Ingeneral,thismethodismostusedonsmalllandrigswheretheDrillermayhavelittlehelp 

andlimitedequipment. 

Avariantofthismethodisalsousedinsomeworkoveroperations. 

InadditionthesimplicityoftheDriller’smethodmakesitusefulwhenonlylimited 

informationisavailableaboutthewellconditions.

Tosummarise:

∙FIRSTCIRCULATION:

Pumpthekickoutofthewell,usingexistingmudweight

∙SECONDCIRCULATION:

Pumpkillweightmudaroundthewell.

a） 

Advantagesofdriller’smethod

∙Minimumarithmetic

∙Minimumwaitingaroundtime–canstartkillwellatonce

∙Minimuminformationrequired.

b） 

Disadvantagesofdriller’smethod

∙Highestannularpressureproduced

∙Maximumwellunderpressuretime

∙Longestonechocktime.

c） 

Procedurefordriller’smethod

DrillerMethodKillWellSchamatic

1） 

Thewellisclosedinandtheinformationrecorded.

FirstCirculation

2） 

Ifaslowcirculatingratepressure,PSCR,hasbeentaken,thencalculatethepressure 

requiredonthedrillpipeforthefirstcirculationofthewell.

Thisis:

InitialCirculation=SlowCirculationRate+ShutInDrillpipe

or:

PressurePressure

ICP=PSCR 

+SIDPP 

Pressure

3） 

Openthechokeaboutonequarter,startthepumpandbreakcirculation;

thenbringthe 

pumpuptotheKillWellRate.

4） 

WhiletheDrillerisbringingthepumpuptotheKillWellRate,thechokeoperatorshould 

operatethechokesoastokeepthecasingpressureatorneartheclosedincasing 

pressurereading.

5） 

OncethepumpisuptotheKillWellRate,thechokeoperatorshouldtransferhisattention 

tothedrillpipepressuregaugeandadjustthechoketomaintaintheINITIAL 

CIRCULATINGPRESSUREonthedrillpipepressuregauge.

6） 

TheINITIALCIRCULATINGPRESSUREisheldconstantonthedrillpipepressure 

gaugebyadjustingthechokethroughoutthewholeofthefirstcirculation,untilallofthekickfluidhasbeencirculatedoutofthewell. 

Thepumpratemustalsobeheld

constantattheKILLWELLRATEthroughoutthisperiod.

7） 

Oncethekickisoutofthehole,shutthewellinandmixupthekillmudweight 

required.

KillWeightMud 

（ppg） 

= 

OldMudWeight+ 

[SIDPP（psi）÷

TVD（ft）÷

0.052]

NOTE1:

Thisisakillweightmudtobalanceformationpressure. 

Itisthelowest 

possiblemudweightwhichwill‘kill’thewell. 

Oncethewellisdead,it 

willbenecessarytoincreasethemudweightfurthertoprovideatrip 

margin.

NOTE2:

Someoperatorsprefertocontinuecirculatingthewellwhilekillweight 

mudisbeingmixed. 

Thereisnotheoreticalreasonwhythisshouldnot 

bedone,thoughitdoesresultinfurtherwearandtearonequipment 

underpressure–inparticularthechoke. 

SecondSirculation

8） 

Oncethekillmudisready,openthechokeaboutonequarter,startthepumpandbreak 

circulation. 

Thenbringthepumpuptothekillrate.

9） 

WhiletheDrillerisbringingthepumpuptothekillrate,thechokeoperatorshould 

operatethechokesoastokeepthecasingpressuresteadyatthesamepressureaswhen 

closedin.

10） 

Whilethedrillpipeisbeingfilledwithheavymud,holdthecasingpressureconstant. 

Thedrillpipepressurewillgodownasthedrillpipeisbeingsluggedwiththeheaviermud. 

Inpractice,ifallthekickwasproperlyremovedinthefirstcirculation,thechoke 

shouldnotneedtobetouchedoncethepumpsaresteadyatthe 

KillWellRate,untilkillmud 

reachesthebit.Oncethekillmudreachesthebit,thepressureheldonthedrillpipeisjustthatrequiredtocirculatethemudaroundthewell. 

Thisistheslowcirculatingratepressure,increasedslightly 

fortheextramudweight.

WewillcontinuethearticleonnextpostinganddonotforgetforbookmarkoursitebytypeCTRL+D,visitto 

wellcontrolspreadsheet 

andother 

drilling 

engineering.

IncomingPopularPostOnOurSite:

Control 

WellKillUsingWaitandWeightMethod（BalancedMethod）

∙BestPractices/Checklists

oPre-spud

o26inch

o16inch

o12.25inch

o8.5inch

o6inch

oCompletion

oMiscellaneous

∙CasingDesign

oCasingtypes

oPreliminaryDesign

oLoadCases

oLoadCalculation

oCorrosionWearFatigue

oBuckling

oConnections

oSpecialDesign

oOperations

∙CasingOperations

oPlanning

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oLiner

oCasingwear

∙Cementing

oCementPlugs

oRemedial

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∙Completion

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oESP

oWellhead

∙Drilling

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oHoleProblems

oHPHT

oOffshore

oShallowWater

oSidetrack

oERD

oMechanics

∙DrillingFluids

oMudtypes

oSolidsControl

oContamination

oQAQC

oLosses

oTesting

∙Evaluation

oCoring

oLogging

oMud/DataLogging

oFST

oWellTesting

∙Planning

oReporting

oNewVenture

oJobDescriptions

∙Production

oWorkover

oSandControl

∙QHSE

oQuality

oSafety

oHealth

oEnvironment

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∙StuckPipe

oCauses

oPrevention

oFreeing

oBack-off

oFishing

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∙SlimHoleDrilling

∙Surveying

oMagneticSurvey

oGyroSurvey

oInclinationOnly

oMWD

∙WellControl