英语论文：外来语对英语词汇的影响(规范英文版).doc

英语论文：外来语对英语词汇的影响(规范英文版).doc

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南华大学外国语学院学期论文

学期论文

题目TheInfluenceOfLoanWordsOn

EnglishVocabulary

外来语对英语词汇的影响

学院名称外国语学院

指导教师……

职称讲师

班级10级英语02班

学号……

学生姓名……

2011年5月24日

-i-

Abstract

Englishhasbecomeaninternationallanguagebecauseofitssimplicityandrichness.Itstoleranceandflexibilitymakeitasubstantialabsorptionofloanwords,andthushasgreatvitality.LoanwordshavegreatlyenrichedtheEnglishlanguage,whichmakestheEnglishexpressionsmorevividandappropriate.Asaresult,itoccupiesapivotalpositioninEnglish.ThisarticleintendstoanalyzetheinfluenceofloanwordsonEnglishvocabularyfromtheoriginsandtypesoftheloanwordsinEnglish.

Keywords:

loanwords;origin;type;vocabulary;influence

摘要

英语因它的简单和丰富已经成了一门国际化的语言。

它的宽容和灵活性,使它大量吸收外来词汇,从而具有了顽强的生命力。

外来词汇极大地丰富了英语,使英语表达起来更加生动和贴切,因此，在英语中占据着举足轻重的地位,本文拟从外来语的来源和类型来分析外来语对英语词汇的影响。

关键词：

外来语；来源；类型；词汇；影响

Contents

1.Introduction………………………………………………………...1

-ii-

2.TheOriginofLoanWordsinEnglish……………………………..1

1.1TheloanwordsfromLatin……………………………………..1

1.2TheloanwordsfromGreece…………………………...……....1

1.3TheloanwordsfromFrench……………………………...…....2

1.4TheloanwordsfromChinese……………………………...…...3

1.5TheloanwordsfromJapanese……………………………...….3

3.TheMainTypesofLoanWordsinEnglish……...……………..….4

4.TheInfluenceofLoanWordsonEnglishVocabulary……….…....4

4.1TheinfluenceofLatinloanwords…………………………...….4

4.2TheinfluenceofGreekloanwords…………………………...…5

4.3TheinfluenceofFrenchloanwords…………………………......5

4.4TheinfluenceofChineseloanwords………………………...….6

4.5TheinfluenceofJapaneseloanwords………………………......6

5Conclusion………………………………………...………….…...6

Bibliography……………………………………………………….…7

南华大学外国语学院学期论文

1.Introduction

Becauseofpolitical,economicandculturalexchangesaswellasmilitary,technologicalandotherfactors,anationallanguageintoanothernation,resultintheloanwords.Todaytheworld’smainlanguage,withoutexception,haveloanwordscomponent,whichisoneofthelanguagedevelopmentprocess,itcanbesaidthatnoonelanguageisapurelynationalcharacter（马学良,1997）.Borrowedfromonelanguagetoanotherlanguage’scontent,itsmainpurposeseemstobetwofold:

（1）toexpandandabsorbnewcontentandthemeaningoftheconceptthatnotintheoriginallanguage;

（2）toreflectthecontentsofthenewthingsmoreaccurately,vividlyandvisually.Anylanguagehastheloanwordsexist,andthenumberofloanwords,especiallyinEnglish,asmanyasthisisararephenomenonintheworldlanguage.AccordingtotheOxfordDictionary,astheinternationallanguage,Englishtotallyhasmorethan100millionentries,inwhichloanwordsareover50million,loanwordsmadeupalmosthalftheEnglish.ShowsthattheloanwordsinEnglishhaveapivotalposition,theyhaveagreatimpactonEnglishvocabulary,masteringtheloanwordshasgreathelpinlearningEnglish.（曾传生，1997）

2.TheOriginofLoanWordsinEnglish

2.1TheloanwordsfromLatin

LatinloanwordswereabsorbedtheEnglishvocabularyatdifferenttimes.BeforetheAnglo-SaxoninvadedtoEngland,LatinhadbeenworkedinEnglishvocabulary.AD597RomanCatholicismwasbroughttoBritain（於奇,1999）,LatinhadmoreprofoundimpacttoEnglishandbecomethelargestcomponentofEnglishforeignlanguage（ThomasPyles,1971）.Thesewordsaremainlyreligious,familylife,food,tradeandmilitaryactivitiesvocabulary.Mostoftheseearlyloanwordshavedisappeared,survivingwordsare:

disciple（oneoftheTwelveApostlesofJesus）,hymn,martyr,nun,andafterdeformation,suchas:

ancor（anchor）,flasce（flask）,andsoon.

2.2TheloanwordsfromGreece

BecauseGreekcultureasearlyastheRomanculture,manyGreekwordswereborrowedintoLatin,thesameasEnglishvocabulary.Amongthem,mostlyareTechnologyterminologyandMedicalterminology.Suchas:

cardiology,hepatitis,heliosis,heliotherapy,stethoscope,andsoon.PeopleisnotonlyborrowGreekwordfromGreekdirectly,butalsomoreisborrowedtheGreekwordprefixandsuffix.Becauseafewdozenwordscanoftenbederivedfromoneprefixorsuffix（方梦之,2004）.Atpresent,theGreekprefixwithborrowedEnglishwordsconstituteakindofnewconcept,expressioniscommon.

（1）CommonborrowedfromtheGreekprefixare:

anti-,geo-,hydro-,micro-,poly-,psycho-,tele-,auto-,holo-,homo-,etc.

（2）CommonlyderivedfromtheGreeksuffixare:

-gy,-meter,-graph,-phone,-scope,etc（ThomasPyles,1971）.

2.3TheloanwordsfromFrench

Britainand