英语专业八级全真试题Word文件下载.docx
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320-380millionnativespeakers250-
(2)millionspeakersofEnglishasasecondlanguageII.ReasonsforthepopularuseofEnglish1)(3)thePilgrimFathersbroughtthelanguagetoAmerica;
BritishsettlersbroughtthelanguagetoAustralia;
Englishwasusedasameansofcontrolin(4)2)Economicreasonsspreadof(5)languageofcommunicationintheinternationalbusinesscommunity3)(6)ininternationaltraveluseofEnglishintravelandtourismsignsinairportslanguageofannouncementlanguageof(7)4)InformationexchangeuseofEnglishintheacademicworldlanguageof(8)orjournalarticles5)Popularculturepopmusicon(9)filmsfromtheUSAIII.Questionstothinkabout1)statusofEnglishinthefuture2)(10)ofdistinctvarietiesofEnglish参考答案:
(1)native/firstlanguages
(2)350(3)Historical/Colonial(4)India/colonies/(other)Britishcolonies(5)internationalcommerce/business/trade(6)Boom/Increase(7)airtrafficcontrol/seatravelcommunication(8)conferences/meetings(9)radios/radio/air/manyradios(10)possibilities/possibility/emergence/appearance/developmentTIP:
(1)native/firstlanguages讲座共分为三个部分。
第一部分讲述了英语目前使用状况。
其中第二点讲了英语在不同母语人群中作为通用语。
(2)第三点讲了英语作为第二外语或外语的使用现状,主要是数字。
本题考查对相关数字的理解。
(3)讲座的第二部分主要回顾英语崛起的原因。
第一个是历史原因。
(4)本题考查对有关细节的理解。
(5)第二个是经济原因,如国际贸易的扩展。
(6)第三个是国际旅游业的兴起。
(7)英语作为空中交通指挥、海上通讯的工作语言。
(8)第四个原因是信息交流。
如英语作为会议工作语言。
(9)最后一个原因是大众文化的崛起。
英语主导了西方国家的大众文化,如电台上常播放英语流行歌曲/音乐。
(10)演讲者在结束之前提了几个思考问题,其中之一关于英语将来发展成多个独立分支的可能性。
本题考查对信息的归纳、总结能力。
原文中的varietiesthatbecomelessmutuallyintelligible被归纳为distinctvarieties。
SCRIPT:
Goodmorning,everyone.Today’slectureisaboutthepopularityofEnglish.Asweallknow,Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.AlthoughEnglishisNOTthelanguagewiththelargestnumberofnativeorfirstlanguagespeakers,ithasreallybecomealinguafranca.Then,whatisalinguafranca?
Thetermreferstoalanguagewhichiswidelyadoptedforcommunicationbetweentwospeakerswhosenativelanguagesaredifferentfromeachother’s,andwhereoneorbothspeakersareusingitasasecondlanguage.Forexample,whenanIndiantalkstoaSingaporeanusingEnglish,thenEnglishisthelinguafranca.Then,actuallyhowmanypeoplespeakEnglishaseitherafirstorasecondlanguage?
Someresearcherssuggestedafewyearsagothatbetween320-380millionpeoplespokeEnglishasafirstlanguage,andanywherebetween250-350millionasasecondlanguage.Andofcourse,ifweincludepeoplewhoarelearningEnglishasaforeignlanguageallovertheworld,thatnumbermayincreasedramatically.Then,wemayaskaquestion:
howdidEnglishgetthere?
Thatis,howdidEnglishgainthepresentstatusofpopularity?
Thereare,infact,anumberofinterlockingreasonsforthepopularityofEnglishasalinguafranca.Manyofthereasonsarehistorical,buttheyalsoincludeeconomicandculturalfactorsthathaveinfluencedandsustainedthespreadofthelanguage.Let’sgothroughthereasonsonebyone.Firstisthehistoricalreason.Thisisrelatedtothecolonialhistory.Asweknow,whenthePilgrimFatherslandedontheMassachusettscoastin1620,aftertheirjourneyfromEngland,theybroughtwiththemnotjustasetofreligiousbeliefs,apioneeringspiritoradesireforcolonization,butalsotheirlanguage.AlthoughmanyyearslatertheAmericansbrokeawayfromtheircolonialmaster,thelanguageofEnglishremained,andstilldoes.ItwasthesameinAustralia,too.WhenCommanderPhilipplantedtheBritishflaginSydneyCoveon26thJan.1788,itwasnotjustabunchofBritishconvictsandtheirguardians,butalsoalanguage.InotherpartsoftheformerBritishEmpire,Englishrapidlybecameaunifyingordominatingmeansofcontrol.Forexample,itbecamealinguafrancainIndia,whereavarietyofindigenouslanguagesmadetheuseofanyoneofthemasawhole-countrysystem/problematic.So,theimpositionofEnglishastheonelanguageofadministrationhelpedmaintainthecolonizer’scontrolandpower.Thus,Englishtraveledaroundmanypartsoftheworldinthosedays,andlongafterthatcolonialpowerhasfadedaway,itisstillwidelyusedasamainoratleastaninstitutionallanguageincountriesasfarapartasJamaicaandPakistan,Uganda,andNewZealand.Thatisthefirstfactor.Now,thesecondmajorfactorinthespreadofEnglishhasbeenthespreadofcommercethroughouttheworld:
thespreadofinternationalcommercehastakenEnglishalongwithit.Thisisthe20th-centuryphenomenonofglobalization.Therefore,oneofthefirstsightsmanytravelersseewhenarrivingincountriesasdiverseasBrazil,China,forexample,istheyellowtwin-archedsignofaMcDonald’sfastfoodrestaurant,orsomeotherfamousbrandsoutlets.Andwithoutdoubt,Englishisusedasthelanguageofcommunicationintheinternationalbusinesscommunity.AndthethirdfactorrelatedtothepopularuseofEnglishistheboomininternationaltravel.Andyouwillfindthatmuchtravelandtourismiscarriedon,aroundtheworld,inEnglish.Ofcourse,thisisNOTalwaysthecase,asthemutilingualismofmanytourismworkersindifferentcountriesdemonstrate.But,avisittomostairportsontheglobewillshowsignsnotonlyinthelanguageofthatcountry,butalsoinEnglish,justasmanyairlineannouncementsarebroadcastinEnglish,too,whateverthelanguageofthecountrytheairportissituatedin.Sofar,Englishisalsothepreferredlanguageofairtrafficcontrolinmanycountriesandisusedwidelyinseatravelcommunication.Anotherfactorhassomethingtodowithinformationexchangearoundtheworld.Asweallknow,agreatdealofacademicdiscoursearoundtheworldtakesplaceinEnglish.Itisoftenalinguafrancaofconferences,forexample,andmanyjournalarticlesinfieldsasdiverseasastronomy,childpsychologyandzoologyhaveEnglishasakindofdefaultlanguage.ThelastfactorIcitehereconcernspopularculture.Inthewesternworld,atleast,Englishisadominatinglanguageinpopularculture.PopmusicinEnglishcanbeheardonmanyradios.ThusmanypeoplewhoarenotEnglishspeakerscansingwordsfromtheirfavouriteEnglishmediumsongs.Andmanypeoplewhoareregularcinemagoersor(TVviewers)canfrequentlyhearEnglishinsubtitledfilmscomingoutoftheUSA.Now,tosumup,intoday’slecture,wehavereviewedsomeofthereasonsorfactorsthatliebehindthepopularuseofEnglishasthenumberoneworldlanguage.Beforewefinish,Iwouldliketoleaveafewquestionsforyoutothinkabout:
IsthestatusofEnglishasthenumber-oneworldlanguageassuredinthefuture?
Willitsplitintovarietiesthatbecomelessmutuallyintelligible?
ORwillsomeotherlanguageorlanguagestaketheplaceofEnglishasworldlanguageinfuture?
Thesequestionsarenoteasytoanswer,Iknow,buttheyaredefinitelyworthponderingoverafterthelecture.OK,thisbringsustotheendoftoday’slecture.Thankyouforyourattention.SECTIONBINTERVIEW/CONVERSATIONInthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Markthecorrectanswertoeachquestiononyourcolouredanswersheet.Questions1to5arebasedonaconversation.Attheendoftheconversationyouwillbegiven10secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.Nowlistentotheconversation.1.Marydoesn’tseemtofavourtheideaofanewairportbecauseA.theexistingairportsaretobewasted.B.morepeoplewillbeencouragedtotravel.C.moreoilwillbeconsumed.D.moreairplaneswillbepurchased.参考答案:
CTIP:
Mary不赞成建新机场,她讲了几个原因,但最突出的原因是燃料因素。
原文:
Well,myrealobjectiontothisideaofanewairportis,isthatthewholethingissowasteful.Imean,weknowwe’recurrentlyinafuelcrisis,weknowthatwe’vegottoconserveoilandfuelandalltherestofit.Andyetherethegovernmentseemsquitedeliberatelytobeencouragingpeopleto,totravel,touse,andthesejetsuseaheckofalotofoilImean,ittakesatonofoil,atonofpetrolbeforeoneofthesebigjetseventakesoff.本题考查对相关信息的甄别能力。
2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedbyMaryasapotentialdisadvantage?
A.Morepeopleinthearea.B.Noiseandmotorways.C.Wasteofland.D.Unnecessarytravel.参考答案:
ATIP:
Mary在对话中提到选项B、C、D的内容,唯一没有提到的是选项A。
然而B、C、D的内容在对话中分布得较开,如选项C、D出现在对话较前部分,而B则出现在较后部分。
本题考查对语篇相关信息的归纳、梳理和分析能力。
3.FreddyhascitedthefollowingadvantagesforanewairportEXCEPTA.morejobopportunities.B.vitalitytothelocaleconomy.C.roadconstruction.D.presenceofaircrewinthearea.参考答案:
DTIP:
Freddy提到了建新机场的益处。
原文为...airportsdobringsomelocal