12Unit9TheDamnedHumanRace文档格式.docx
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degenerate;
descent;
disposition;
exterminate;
gory;
mutilation;
oblige;
rabid;
scruple;
wantonly
GrammarFocus:
Studyandlearnhowsuchcontrastexpressionsasand,but,comparedto/with,while,unlike,andontheotherhand,areused.
7.教学基本内容和纲要
PartOneWarm-up
1.1Warm-upQuestions
1.2Definethefollowingwordsandphrases
PartTwoBackgroundInformation
2.1HaveyoureadmuchofMarkTwain?
Canyounamesomestories,novelsoressayshewrote?
Howdoyoulikehim?
Whatqualitiesinhiswritingsbroughthimworldrenown?
Isthisessaywritteninhisusualhumorousvein?
PartThreeTextAppreciation
3.1TextAnalysis
3.1.1Themeofthetext
3.1.2Structureofthetext
3.2WritingDevices
3.2.1Contrast
3.2.2Humorous
3.2.3SatireandParallelism
3.3SentenceParaphrase
PartFourLanguageStudy
4.1PhrasesandExpressions
4.1.1Wordlist:
4.1.2Phrasesandexpressionslist:
4.1.3WordBuilding
4.2Grammar
4.2.1Object
PartFiveExtension
5.1Groupdiscussion
八、教学方法和措施
本单元将运用黑板、粉笔、多媒体网络辅助教学设备等教学手段，主要采用以学生为主
体、教师为主导的任务型、合作型等教学模式，具体运用教师讲授法、师生讨论、生生讨论等方法进行教学。
9.作业，讨论题，思考题
完成课后练习；
多看英语报刊杂志及英语经典小说，扩大阅读量；
精听与泛听相结合，逐步提高自己的听力水平；
积极参加英语角等有助于提高英语口语的活动；
坚持用英语写日记；
做一些专四相关练习；
十.参考资料：
1）
JudyPearsall主编，《新牛津英语词典》。
上海：
上海外语教育出版社，丁往道、吴冰等编著，《英语写作手册》。
北京：
外语教学与研究出版社。
张道真，《现代英语用法词典》（重排本）。
外语教学与研究出版社，张道真，温志达，《英语语法大全》上、下卷。
外语教学与研究出版社，卜一、课后小结
Unit9TheDamnedHumanRace
PartOneWarm-up
1.1Warm-upQuestions
1.DoyouhaveanyideawhyMarkTwainbecamemoreandmorebitterinhislateryears?
Doyouagreethatitwaslargelyduetohispersonalmisfortunes?
Howwouldyoudescribethisessay?
Seriousandmatter-of-fact?
Scientificallydetachedandobjective?
Hilariouslyhumorous?
Bitterlysatirical?
Orwhat?
2.Whatisthemainideaofthisessay?
Doyouthinkthesubjectofhumannaturestilldeservesourcloseattentiontoday?
IsTwain'
condemnationofhumanbeingsinlinewiththeDarwiniantheoryofevolution?
Howdoestheauthorcometodoubtthis?
Isthattheresultofscientificexperiment?
IsMarkTwainseriouswhenhesaysthathehasdonemanymonthsofpainstakingandfatiguingworkintheLondonZoologicalGarden?
Whatkindofeffectdoyouthinkhehopestoachievewiththismockseriousness?
3.DoyoutakeMarkTwain'
viewsseriously?
WhydoyouthinkTwainwrotethisessay?
Doeshehaveanyseriouspurposeotherthanamusinghisreaders?
1.2Definethefollowingwordsandphrases
1.sport
2.loose
3.grace
4.confined
5.occasion
6.prior
7.unhumaniy
8.distinction
9.subjectsth/sbtosth
10.havenotscrupledtodosth
11.cheatsboutofsth
2.1Abouttheauthor:
MarkTwain（1835---1910）wasbornSamuelLanghorneClementsinFlorida,Missouri,butlivedasachildinHannibal,Missouri,ontheMississippiRiver.HetookthepennameMarkTwainfromthecallofthepilotsontheriversteamers,whichindicatedthatthewaterwastwelvefeetdeep,asafedepthforasteamer.Duringhisearlyyears,heworkedasariverboatpilot,newspaperreporter,printer,andgoldprospector.Butthenheturnedtowriting,andbecameoneofthegreatestofAmericanwriters.
2.2Hismasterpiece:
InnocentsAbroad1869
TheAdventuresofTomSawyer1876
TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn1885
LifeontheMississippi1883
ThePrinceandthePauper1882
2.3Hiswritingstyle:
hilariouslyhumorous
bitterlysatirical
2.4Aboutthestory:
Theauthorwritesaboutuglyhumantraitsanddispositions.Inhisopinion,humanbeingsarenotascendedfromtheloweranimalsbutdescendedfromthehigheranimals.
3.1TextAnalysis
1.
Questionsforthinking:
a.
Howdoestheauthorcontrasthumanbeingswithotheranimals?
Whatspecifichuman
traitsanddispositionsdoeshecondemn?
Howwouldyoudescribetheimageofhumanbeingsintheauthor'
writing?
Andwhatargumentsdoestheauthorgivetosupporthisviews?
b.
Whydoeshesaythatmanisthecruelanimal?
Whatexamplesdoeshegivetoillustratethepoint?
DoyouagreewithTwainthathumanbeingsarecruelwhereastigers,wolves,andanacondasarenot?
I.Introduction:
Topicandcredibilityoftheauthor'
research（paras.1-3）
A.Topic:
Thedescentofmanfromthehigheranimals（para.1）
B.Credibility:
Theuseofscientificmethodandauthenticinstitutionwheretheexperimentswereconducted（para.2）
C.Acharacteristicexampleofhisexperiments（para.3）
II.Findingsaboutmanasagainsthigheranimals（paras.4-17）
Man'
greed（para.4）
immorality（paras.5-8）
cruelty（para.9）
inclinationforwars（paras.10-11）
positionofenslavingandbeingenslaved（para.12）
hypocrisy（paras.13-15）
inabilitytolearntolivetogetherpeacefully（paras.16-17）
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
III.Conclusion:
Restatementofthethesis（para.18）
Logic&
Technique
Themainbodyisarrangedaccordinglytothevarioustraitsanddispositionsofhumanbeingsascontrastedtothehigheranimals.”However,inthesecondhalf,theauthorbeginstoadoptapolemictone.Heseemstobearguingwithpeoplewhobelieveinman'
superiority.NoticehowMarkTwainachieveshumor.Hetalkstongueincheekthroughouttheessay,usinghighlyexaggeratedandformalwordsandexpressionsasappropriatefortheacademicwritinghepretendstheessaytobe.Headoptsapompousstyleverydifferentfromtheusualcolloquialvernacularheisfamousfor,toridiculethosecriticswhosayMarkTwainlackspropereducation.
Relevantquestions:
1.Howisthisessayorganized?
Whatdevicesdoestheauthorusetomakethearticleinteresting?
Whatdoyouhavetosayaboutthedictionofthisessay?
MarkTwainisgenerallyknownforhisskilfuluseofthevernacular.Wouldyouconsiderthisessayagoodexample?
Isthisarticlewritteninacolloquialandinformalway?
Howwouldyouexplainhisadoptionofthisstyle?
2.DoyouagreewithMarkTwain?
Ifyouweretowriteinresponsetothisessaytoexpresssomedifferentopinions,whatwouldyousay?
3.1.3DetailedAnalysisofthetext
PartI:
MainIdea
Thisslightlyabridgedessayisorganizedlikeapapertoreportresultsofascientificexperiment.
Ithasathesisstatementatthebeginningandabriefsumming-upattheend.Themainbodyisarrangedaccordingtothevariousstraitsanddispositionofhumanbeingsascontrastedtothe
“higheranimals”.Howeverinthesecondpartofthebodytheauthorbeginstouseapolemictone.
Heseemstobearguingwithpeoplewhobelieveinman'
ssuperioritybecausetheycanreason,
havemoralprinciplesandreligion,andlovetheirneighborsandcountry.
PartII:
Discussion
1.Howdoestheauthorcontrasthumanbeingswithotheranimals?
Whatspecifichumantraitsanddispositionsdoeshecondemn?
Howwouldyoudescribetheimageofhumanbeingsintheauthor'
swriting?
Andwhatargumentsdoestheauthorgivetosupporthisviews?
2.Whydoeshesaythatmanisthecruelanimal?
Conclusionofthetext:
ItiswrongtothinkthatMarkTwainispessimisticorcynical.Heisneither.Behindallthebitternessisawarmandhumanheart.MarkTwaindoesnotreallybelievethathumanbeingsareincurablycruel,greedyandwicked.Otherwisehewouldnothavebotheredtowritethoseessays.Hewritesaboutuglyhumantraitsanddispositionspreciselybecausehethinkshumanbeingsarecapableofmendingtheirwaysiftheycanopentheireyestotheirownweaknessesandunderstandtheconditionsthatgiverisetothemandnurturethem.Inotherwords,hispolicyistofrighteninordertoenlighten.
3.3SentenceParaphrase
1.Ihavebeenstudyingthetraitsanddispositionsofthe—loweranimalsII,andcontrastini
themwiththetraitsanddispositionsofman.Ifindtheresulthumiliatingtome.
Ihavebeenstudyingthecharacteristicsoftheso-calledloweranimalsincomparisonwiththoseofman.Theresultofthisstudymakesme,asaman,feelterriblyashamed.
traitsanddispositions:
characteristics;
features;
nature;
qualities;
personalities
humiliating:
makingmefeelashamed;
embarrassing;
mortifying
Noticethetongue-in-cheekwaytheauthorexpresseshisideas.Hemakesitsoundasifhewereconductingandreportingontheresultofascientificinvestigation.Inotherwords,heisdeliberatelyusingapompousstyletoachievehumor.
2.ForitobligesmetorenouncemyallegiancetotheDarwiniantheoryoftheAscentofManfromtheLowerAnimalsandtonameittheDescentofManfromtheHigherAnimals.Becausetheresultofmystudyforcesmetogiveup（toabandon）myloyaltyto（firmbeliefin）Darwin'
theoryofevolutionandtochangethetheoryoftheAscentofManfromtheLowerAnimalstothetheoryoftheDescentofManfromtheHigherAnimals.
toobligesbtodosth:
toforcesbtodosth;
tomakeitnecessaryforsbtodosth
torenounce:
toabandonorgiveup;
torejectordisown
allegiance:
loyalty,esp.toanationoracause
3.Thatistosay,Ihavesubjectedeverypostulatethatpresenteditselftothecrucialtestofactualexperiment.
Inotherwords,Ihaveputeverytheoryorhypothesisthereistothedecisivetestofactualexperiment.
tosubjectsht/sbtosth:
tocausesb/sthtoundergoorexperieneesthunpleasantordifficultandoftenforalong
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