英语期末论文-对中日关系的简要回顾和可能的前景展望.doc

英语期末论文-对中日关系的简要回顾和可能的前景展望.doc

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ABriefReviewonandPossibleProspectsofSino-JapaneseRelations

MostChineseholdaquitecomplexattitudetowardsJapan.Beingneighboringcountiesforcenturies,ChinaandJapansharealotinculture,historyandcustoms.Toacertaindegree,theJapaneseculturehasbeenareflectionofChineseculture,inwhichChinesecanalwayseasilyfindsomethingtheyarefamiliarwith.It’snaturalforChinesetoshowafavortowardsJapanifitwerenotforthesakeofinvasion.Butthefactisthatinmanycases,hostilityexistsbetweenJapaneseandChinese.Fortheancienttimesthesetwocountrieswerefriends,butthingshavechangedaloteversincetheFirstSino-Japanesewarof1894.Thelong-termhostilityremainsevenaftertheWorldWarⅡisended.WhathasmadeChineseunbearableisthetoughtoneJapanesetakestowardinvasion.MostoftheJapaneseleadersshowsnoregretandinsiststhereisnothingwrongwiththeinvasion,andtrytoteachtheirnextgenerationtobelieveso,whichmakesJapantobeapotentialthreattoChina:

ifnecessary,JapancanstartanotherinvasionagainstChina,sincetheyfindnomoraldefectswithinvasion.InordertounderstandChinesepeople’sfeelingsbetterandmakeapredictionabouttheprospectsofSino-Japaneserelations,it’snecessarytohaveabriefreviewonthepast.

Theancienttimes:

ThecontactsbetweenChinaandJapancanbedatedbacktoasearlyasQinDynasty,whentheTaoistnamedXuFuwassentoverseatoJapanbyEmperortoseekformedicineofimmortality.Accordingtothefolk’stales,XuFufounditimpossibletofulfillhistask,andinordertoavoidthepunishment,hedeterminedtosettledowninJapanwithseveralhundredsofboysandgirlshehadtakentofollowhim.Andwithdayswentby,theymarriedthelocalpeopleandgavebirthtooffspring.Ontheotherhand,duringthethirdcentury,ChinesetravelersreportedthatinhabitantsofJapanclaimedancestryfromWuTaibo,akingoftheWustate（locatedinmodernJiangsuandZhejiang）duringtheWarringStatesera.Perhapsthosepartlyexplainedwhyduringearlytimes,ChinesetendedtobefriendlywithJapanese—theythoughtJapaneseweremoreorlessofthesameoriginastheirs.

Thecontactshadbeensmoothsincethen,andhadreachitspeakduringtheSuiDynastyandTangDynasty,atwhichtimeChineseculturaldetailssuchasChineseclothing,architecture,martialarts,socialmanner,etcwerespreadtoJapan.ThemajorpartsofJapaneseculturesuchasKimono,Judo,Ikebanahavebeendevelopedfromalltheseabove.AndKyoto,thecapitalcityofJapanatthattime,wasplannedaccordingtoFengShuielementsfromtheChinesecapitalofChang'an.Meanwhile,theChineseMonkJianZhensailedacrosstheseaandbroughttheBuddhismtogetherwithteatoJapan（teahadbeenthedrinkformonksattheverybeginning,partlyexplainedwhyteaisalwaysassociatedwithZeninJapan）,whiletheJapanesestudentswhohadstudiedinChang’an（thecapitalofChinaatthattime）spreadtheConfucianisminJapan.BythetimeofHeianperiod,togetherwithShinto,BuddhismhadbecomeoneofthetwomajorreligionsinJapan.Andforratheralongtime,JapanesehadnowaytorecordwhattheysaiduntiltheyadoptedtheancientChinesecharacterstocreatetheirownlanguage.AndinordertodenythecorrelationwithChinaanddistinguishitself,JapancarriedoutalanguagereformandeliminatedmanyChinesecharacters,butduetotheimpossibilityofremovingallChineseinfluenceonitslanguage,thereremainedtobethousandsofChinesecharactersandphrasesinJapanese.Therefore,toagreatdegree,ChineseculturehasinfluencedtheJapaneseculture.

Butsoontheturning-pointofSino-JapaneserelationsarrivedastheJapanesepirates（called“Wokou”inChinese）begantorobChineseshipsandslaughterinnocentChinesevillagerslivingnearthesea,especiallyfrequentlyfrom14thto16thcentury.ThebarbaricdeedarousedtheprevalenthatredofChinesepeopletowardsJapanese,andforatime,theMinggovernmentdominatingChinaatthattimehadtofoundaseriesofcoastalfortsandspecialtroopstoprotectitspeopleandthefolktalesof“QiJia”Armyhavebeenwidespreadsincethen,mainlytellingthestoriesabouttheGeneralQiJiguang,whohadbeenfightingagainst“Wokou”allhislife.Lateron,becauseoneoftheJapaneserulersHideyoshidecidedtoinvadeChinathroughKorea,twowarfaresbrokeoutbetweenJapanandSino-Koreanalliance,whichendedupwiththefailureofJapanbutmeanwhiledrainedMingChina'streasuryandleftitweakagainsttheManchus,whoeventuallydestroyedtheMingDynastyandcreatedtheQingDynastyin1644.Thegapbetweentwocountrieshadformedthereafter.AndtheJapanesepiracyalsoleadtoanothermoresevereresult:

inordertogetridofthepirates,theMingDynastyadoptedapolicyofisolationsincethenandcutoffitscom