英语六级真题及答案 2Word下载.docx

英语六级真题及答案 2Word下载.docx

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此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

PartII 

ReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning） 

（15minutes）

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionson 

AnswerSheet1. 

Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfrom 

thefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

Google'

sPlanforWorld'

sBiggestOnlineLibrary:

PhilanthropyOrActofPiracy?

Inrecentyears,teamsofworkersdispatchedbyGooglehavebeenworkinghardtomake 

digitalcopiesofbooks.Sofar,Googlehasscannedmorethan10milliontitlesfromlibrariesin 

AmericaandEurope 

- 

includinghalfamillionvolumesheldbytheBodleianinOxford.Theexact 

methoditusesisunclear;

thecompanydoesnotallowoutsiderstoobservetheprocess.

WhyisGoogleundertakingsuchaventure?

Whyisiteveninterestedinallthoseout-of-printlibrarybooks,mostofwhichhavebeengatheringdustonforgottenshelvesfordecades?

Thecompanyclaimsitsmotivesareessentiallypublic-spirited.Itsoverallmission,afterall,isto"

organise 

theworld'

sinformation"

soitwouldbeoddifthatinformationdidnotincludebooks.

Thecompanylikestopresentitselfashavingloftyaspirations."

Thisreallyisn'

taboutmakingmoney.Wearedoingthisforthegoodofsociety."

AsSantiagodelaMora,headofGoogleBooksforEurope,putsit:

"

Bymakingitpossibletosearchthemillionsofbooksthatexisttoday,wehope 

toexpandthefrontiersofhumanknowledge."

DanClancy,thechiefarchitectofGoogleBooks,doesseemgenuineinhisconvictionthatthisisprimarilya 

philanthropic 

（慈善的）exercise."

scorebusinessissearchandfind,soobviouslywhathelpsimproveGoogle'

ssearchengineisgoodforGoogle,"

hesays."

Butwehaveneverbuilta 

spreadsheet 

（电子数据表）outliningthefinancialbenefitsofthis,andIhaveneverhadtojustifytheamountIamspendingtothecompany'

sfounders."

Itiseasy,talkingtoClancyandhiscolleagues,tobesweptalongbytheirmissionarypassion. 

ButGoogle'

sbook-scanningprojectisprovingcontroversial.Severalopponentshaverecently 

emerged,rangingfromrivaltechgiantssuchasMicrosoftandAmazontosmallbodiesrepresentingauthorsandpublishersacrosstheworld.Inbroadterms,theseopponentshavelevelledtwosets 

ofcriticismsatGoogle.

First,theyhavequestionedwhethertheprimaryresponsibilityfordigitallyarchivingtheworld'

s 

booksshouldbeallowedtofalltoacommercialcompany.Inarecentessayinthe 

NewYorkReviewofBooks, 

RobertDarnton,theheadofHarvardUniversity'

slibrary,arguedthatbecausesuchbooksareacommonresource–thepossessionofusall–onlypublic,not-for-profitbodiesshouldbegiventhepowertocontrolthem.

ThesecondrelatedcriticismisthatGoogle'

sscanningofbooksisactuallyillegal.ThisallegationhasledtoGooglebecoming 

miredin 

（陷入）alegalbattlewhosescopeandcomplexitymakes 

theJarndyceandJarndycecaseinCharlesDickens'

BleakHouse 

lookstraightforward.

Atitscentre,however,isonesimpleissue:

thatofcopyright.Theinconvenientfactaboutmost 

books,towhichGooglehasarguablypaidinsufficientattention,isthattheyareprotectedby 

copyright.Copyrightlawsdifferfromcountrytocountry,butingeneralprotectionextendsforthe 

durationofanauthor'

slifeandforasubstantialperiodafterwards,thusallowingtheauthor'

sheirstobenefit.（InBritainandAmerica,thispost-deathperiodis70years.）Thismeans,ofcourse,that 

almostallofthebookspublishedinthe20thcenturyarestillundercopyright 

– 

andthelastcentury 

sawmorebookspublishedthaninallpreviouscenturiescombined.Oftheroughly40million 

booksinUSlibraries,forexample,anestimated32millionareincopyright.Ofthese,some27 

millionareoutofprint.

OutsidetheUS,Googlehasmadesureonlytoscanbooksthatareoutofcopyrightandthusinthe"

publicdomain"

（workssuchastheBodleian'

sfirsteditionof 

Middlemarch, 

whichanyonecanreadforfreeonGoogleBooksSearch）.

But,withintheUS,thecompanyhasscannedbothin-copyrightandout-of-copyrightworks.Initsdefence,Googlepointsoutthatitdisplaysonlysmallsegmentsofbooksthatareincopyright– 

arguingthatsuchdisplaysare"

fairuse"

.Butcriticsallegethatbymakingelectroniccopiesof 

thesebookswithoutfirstseekingthepermissionofcopyrightholders,Googlehascommittedpiracy.

"

Thekeyprincipleofcopyrightlawhasalwaysbeenthatworkscanbecopiedonlyonce 

authorshaveexpresslygiventheirpermission,"

saysPiersBlofeld,oftheSheilLandliteraryagency 

inLondon."

Googlehasreversedthis–ithassimplycopiedalltheseworkswithoutbotheringtoask."

In2005,theAuthorsGuildofAmerica,togetherwithagroupofUSpublishers,launchedaclassactionsuit 

（集团诉讼）againstGooglethat,aftermorethantwoyearsofnegotiation,endedwithanannouncementlastOctoberthatGoogleandtheclaimantshadreachedanout-of-courtsettlement.Thefulldetailsarecomplicated-thetextalonerunsto385pages– 

andtryingtosummariseitisnoeasytask."

Partoftheproblemisthatitisbasicallyincomprehensible,"

saysBlofeld,oneofthesettlement'

smostvocalBritishcritics.

Broadly,thedealprovidesamechanismforGoogletocompensateauthorsandpublishers 

whoserightsithasbreached（includinggivingthemashareofanyfuturerevenueitgeneratesfromtheirworks）.Inexchangeforthis,therightsholdersagreenottosueGoogleinfuture.

ThissettlementhandsGooglethepower-butonlywiththeagreementofindividualrightsholders 

toexploititsdatabaseofout-of-printbooks.Itcanincludetheminsubscriptiondeals 

soldtolibrariesorsellthemindividuallyunderaconsumerlicence.Itisthesecommercialprovisionsthatareprovingthesettlement'

smostcontroversialaspect.

Criticspointoutthat,bygivingGoogletherighttocommerciallyexploititsdatabase,thesettlementpavesthewayforasubtleshiftinthecompany'

srolefromproviderofinformationtoseller."

sbusinessmodelhasalwaysbeentoprovideinformationforfree,andselladvertisingonthebasisofthetrafficthisgenerates,"

pointsoutJamesGrimmelmann,associateprofessoratNewYorkLawSchool.Now,hesays,becauseofthesettlement'

sprovisions,Googlecould 

becomeasignificantforceinbookselling.

Interestinthisaspectofthesettlementhasfocusedon"

orphan"

works,wherethereisnoknowncopyrightholder 

thesemakeupanestimated5-10%ofthebooksGooglehasscanned. 

Underthesettlement,whennorightsholderscomeforwardandregistertheirinterestinawork,commercialcontrolautomaticallyrevertstoGoogle.Googlewillbeabletodisplayupto20%oforphanworksforfree,includetheminitssubscriptiondealstolibrariesandsellthemtoindividual 

buyersundertheconsumerlicence.

Itisbynomeanscertainthatthesettlementwillbe 

enacted 

（执行） 

itisthesubjectofafairnesshearingintheUScourts.Butifitisenacted,Googlewillineffectbeoffthehookasfaras 

copyrightviolationsintheUSareconcerned.Manypeopleareseriouslyconcernedbythis-andthecompanyislikelytofacechallengesinothercourtsaroundtheworld.

NooneknowsthepreciseuseGooglewillmakeoftheintellectualpropertyithasgainedbyscanningtheworld'

slibrarybooks,andthetruth,asGleick,anAmericansciencewriterandmemberoftheAuthorsGuild,pointsout,isthatthecompanyprobablydoesn'

tevenknowitself.But 

whatiscertainisthat,insomewayorother,Google'

sentranceintodigitalbooksellingwillhavea 

significantimpactonthebookworldintheyearstocome.

1. 

Googleclaimsitsplanfortheworld'

sbiggestonlinelibraryis_____.

A） 

toservetheinterestofthegeneralpublic

B） 

toencouragereadingaroundtheworld

C） 

tosaveout-of-printbooksinlibraries

D） 

topromoteitscorebusinessofsearching

2. 

AccordingtoSantiagodelaMora,Google'

sbook-scanningprojectwill_____.

broadenhumanity'

sintellectualhorizons

helpthebroadmassesofreaders

revolutionisetheentirebookindustry

makefulluseofthepowerofitssearchengine

3. 

OpponentsofGoogleBooksbelievethatdigitallyarchivingtheworld'

sbooksshouldbecontrolledby_____.

non-profitorganisations 

C）multinationalcompanies

sleadinglibraries 

D）theworld'

stechgiants

4. 

Googlehasinvolveditselfinalegalbattleasitignored_____.

thecopyrightofauthorsofout-of-printbooks

thecopyrightofthebooksitscanned

theinterestoftraditionalbooksellers

thedifferencesofin-printandout-of-printbooks

5. 

Googledefendsitsscanningin-copyrightbooksbysayingthat_____.

itdisplaysonlyasmallpartoftheircontent

itiswillingtocompensatethecopyrightholders

makingelectroniccopiesofbooksisnotaviolationofcopyright

theonlinedisplayofin-copyrightbooksisnotforcommercialuse

6. 

WhatdowelearnabouttheclassactionsuitagainstGoogle?

ItendedinavictoryfortheAuthorsGuildofAmerica.

Itwassettledaftermorethantwoyearsofnegotiation.

ItfailedtoprotecttheinterestsofAmericanpublishers.