新东方职称英语阅读判断Word文档下载推荐.docx
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StudiesShowU.S.SpendingDoesn’tGetHealth
TheUnitedStatesmayspendtwiceasmuchonhealthcareasotherrichcountriesbutitisnotgettingresultstomatch,accordingtostudiesreleasedonTuesday.
Butinthestudyoffivewealthycoutries,publishedinthejournalHealthAffairs,researchersfoundnosinglenationhadclearlytheworstorbesthealthcaresystem.
GerardAndersonatJohnsHopkinsUniversity’sschoolofpublichealthandcolleaguescameupwithalistof21healthfieldstheycouldevenlycompareacrossthefivecountries—Australia,Canda,Britain,NewZealandandtheUnitedStates.
“Noneofthefivecountriesisconsistentlythebestortheworstonall21indicators,”Andersonsaidduringatelephonebriefingforreporters.
“Ifyouarelookingfortheplacetogetthebestcare,thereisn’tasingleplace,Everycountryhasatleastoneindicatorwhereitscoresthebestofthefivecountriesandeachcountryhasatleastoneindicatorwhereitscorestheworstofthefivecountries.”
But,hesaid,theUnitedStatesisnotgettingvalueformoney.“TheUnitedStatesshouldbeparticularlyconcernedabouttheseresults,giventhatwespendtwiceasmuchonhealthcareasanyothercountry.Sospendingmoredoesn’tnecessarilyresultinbetteroutcomes.”
Anderson’sgroupofinternationalhealthexpertssponsoredbyTheCommonwealthFundspentfiveyearsworkingonthestudy,gettingthelatestpossibledatafromthefivecountriesonareassuchasbreastcancerandleukemiasurvival,suiciderates,deathratesfromasthma,vaccinationratesandcancerscreening.
练习
1.TheU.Sspendstwiceasmuchonhealthcareasotherrichcountries.
A.rightB.wrongC.Notmentioned
2.TheU.Sistheplacewherepeoplegetthebesthealthcare.
3.Eachyear,theU.S.spendsmoremoneyonhealthcarethanthepreviousone.
4.Themoreacountryspendsonhealthcare,thebettercareitspeopleenjoy.
5.Thestudyinvolved5countriesandlasted5years.
6.TheotherfourcountriesprovidebetterhealthcarethantheU.S.
7.TheU.S.isdeterminedtodosomethingaboutitshealthcaresystem.
MostAdultsinU.S.HaveLowRiskofHeartDisease
Morethan80percentofUSadultshavealessthan10-percentriskofdevelopingheartdiseaseinthenext10years,accordingtoareportintheJournaloftheAmericanCollegeofCardiology.Just3percenthaveariskthatexceeds20percent.
“Ihopethatthesenumberswillgivephysicians,researchers.healthpolicyanalysts,andothersabetterideaofhowcoronaryheartdiseaseisdistributedintheUSpopulation.”leadauthorDr.EarlS.Ford.fromtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventioninAtlanta,saidinastatement.
Thefindingsarebasedonanalysisofdatafrom13,769subjects,between20and79yearsofage,whoparticipatedintheThirdNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurveyfrom1988to1994.
Overall,82percentofadultshadariskoflessthan10percent,15percenthadariskthatfellbetween10to20percent,and3percent,and3percenthadariskabove20percent.
Theproportionofsubjectsinthehighestriskgroupincreasedwithadvancingage,andmeweremorelikelythanwomentobeinthisgroup.Bycontrast,raceorethnicityhadlittleeffectonriskdistributions.
Althoughthereportsuggeststhatmostadultshavealow10yearriskofheartdisease,alargeproportionhaveahighorimmediaterisk,Dr.DanielS.Berman,fromCedars-SinaiMedicalCenterinLosAngeles,andDr.NathanD.Wong,fromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvine,noteinarelatededitorial.
Aggressivetreatmentmeasuresandpublichealthstrategiesareneededtoshifttheoverallpopulationriskdownward,theyadd.
1.The10-yearriskofheartdiseaseislowformostUSadults.
2.Only3percentofUSadultshaveamorethan10percent10yearriskofheartdisease.
3.Morethan100thousandpeopleparticipatedinthesurvey.
4.Therewasagreaterproportionofmenthanwomeninthesurvey.
5.Thedistributionsoftheriskofheartdiseasearecloselyrelatedtorace.
6.Elderlypeoplehaveahigherriskofheartdiseasethanyoungerpeople.
7.TheUSgovernmentwilltakemeasurestoreducetheoverallpopulationrisk.
TVGameShows
Oneofthemostfascinatingthingsabouttelevisionisthesizeoftheaudience.Anovelcanbeonthe“bestseller”listwithasaleoffewerthan100,000copies,butapopularTVshowmighthave70millionTVviewers.TVcanmakeanythingoranyonewell-knownovernight.
Thisistheprinciplebehind“quiz”or“game”shows,whichputordinarypeopleonTVtoplayagameforprizesandmoney.Aquizshowcanmakeanyoneastar,anditcangiveawaythousandsofdollarsjustforfun.Butallofthismoneycancreateproblems.Forinstance,inthe1950s,quizshowswereverypopularintheU.S.andalmosteveryonewatchedthem.CharlesVanDoren,anEnglishinstructor,becamerichandfamousafterwinningmoneyonseveralshows.Heevenhadacareerasatelevisionpersonality.ButoneofthelosersprovedthatCharlesVanDorenwascheating.Itturnedoutthattheshow’sproducerswhowerepullingthestrings,gavetheanswerstothemostpopularcontestantsbeforehand.Why?
Becauseiftheaudiencedidn’tlikethepersonwhowonthegame,theyturnedtheshowoff.Theresultofthischeatingwasahugescandal.Basedonhisstory,amovieunderthetitle“QuizShow”ison40yearslater:
CharlesVanDorenisnolongerinvolvedwithTV.Butgameshowsarestillhere,thoughtheyaren’ttakenasseriously.Infact,someofthemtrytobeasridiculousaspossible.Thereareshowsthatsendstrangersonvacationtripstogether,orthattrytocausenewly-marriedcouplestofightonTV,orthatpunishlosersbyhumiliatingthem.TheentertainmentnowistoseewhatpeoplewilldojusttobeonTV.Peoplestillwinmoney,buttherealprizeistobeinfrontofanaudienceofmillions.
练习:
1.TVcanmakeabeggarworld-famousovernight.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
2.Theprinciplebehind“quiz”or“game”showsistoputordinarypeopleonTVtoplayagameforprizesandmoney.
3.PrizesandmoneyforwinnersareusuallyprovidedbyTVstarsandlargecompanies.
4.OneoftheTVpersonalities,CharlesVanDorenwasprovedtobecheatingbypersuadingtheshow’sproducerstogivehimtheanswersbeforehand.
5.ThehugescandalofcheatingonTVgameshowswasnotexposeduntil40yearslaterinthemovie“QuizShow”.
6.Nowadaysgameshowsarenottreatedasseriouslyastheyusedtobe.
7.Winnersofpresent-dayTVgameshowsnolongergetmoneyfromtheshows.
AmericanSports
TheUnitedStatesisasports-lovingnation.SportsinAmericatakeavarietyofforms;
organizedcompetitivestruggles,whichdrawhugecrowdstocheertheirfavoriteteamtovictory;
athleticgames,playedforrecreationanywheresufficientspaceisfound;
andhuntingandfishing.Mostsportsareseasonal,sothatwhatishappeninginsportsdependsuponthetimeofyear.Somesportsarecalledspectatorsports,asthenumberofspectatorsgreatlyexceedsthenumberplayinginthegame.
BaseballisthemostpopularsportintheUS.Itisplayedthroughoutthespringandsummer,andprofessionalbaseballteamsplaywellintothefall.Althoughnoothergameisexactlylikebaseball,perhapstheonemostnearlylikeitistheEnglishgameofcricket.
Footballisthemostpopularsportinthefall.Thegameoriginatedasacollegesportmorethan75yearsago.Itisstillplayedbyalmosteverycollegeanduniversityinthecountry,andthefootballstadiumsofsomeofthelargestuniversitiesseatasmanyas80,000people.ThegameisnotthesameasEuropeanfootballorsoccer.InAmericanfootballthereare11playersoneachteam,andtheyaredressedinpaddeduniformsandhelmetsbecausethegameisroughandinjuriesarelikelytooccur.
BasketballisthewintersportinAmericanschoolsandcolleges.Likefootball,basketballoriginatedintheUSandisnotpopularinothercountries.ManyAmericanspreferittofootballbecauseitisplayedindoorsthroughoutthewinterandbecauseitisafastergame.Itisaverypopulargamewithhighschools,andinmorethan20states,state-widehighschoolmatchesareheldyearly.
Otherspectatorsportsincludewrestling,boxing,andhorseracing.Althoughhorse-racingfanscallthemselvessportsmen,theaccuracyofthetermisquestionable,asonlythejockeyswhoridethehorsesintheracescanbeconsideredathletes.Theso-calledsportsmenarethespectators,whodo“notassemble”primarilytoseethehorsesrace,buttobetupontheoutcomeofeachrace.Gamblingistheattractionofhorseracing.
1.Huntingandfishingaremainlyfavoredbymen,youngandold,intheUS.
2.Theprofessionalbaseballteamsthatplaywellareallowedtoplayinthefallaftertheregularbaseballseasonsofspringandsummer.
A.RightB.WrongC.Not