Symbolic Writing in Great ExpectationsWord格式文档下载.docx

Symbolic Writing in Great ExpectationsWord格式文档下载.docx

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象征手法是狄更斯惯用的写作手法；

也正是因为象征手法的应用，他的文章往往含蓄委婉，给读者留下充分的想象空间。

本文对狄更斯生平及部分作品和相关情况作了简单地分析，重点分析了象征手法在《远大前程》中的应用及它们在小说中的作用。

关键词:

狄更斯《远大前程》象征手法分析

Abstract:

CharlesDickensisoneofthemostfamouscriticalrealistnovelistsintheEnglishliteratureofVictorianAge;

hisworksarewellknownallovertheworld,theyareworthresearching.GreatExpectationswasconsideredasthemostmatureofhislaterwork.Delicatedescriptionandsimplewordsmadehisnovelsattractive,easytounderstand;

andvariouswritingstylemadethestoryevenmoreinteresting,madethereaderslingeronthem.Dickensalwaysusessymbolsinhiswriting,andalsobecauseoftheuseofsymbolshisarticlesarealwaysveiledandtactful,leaveaspaceofimaginationforthereaders.IsimplyanalyzeDickens’lifeandsomeofhisworksinmyessay,andmainlyanalyzethesymbolicwritinginGreatExpectationsanditsusageinnovels.

KeyWords:

DickensGreatExpectationssymbolismmethodsanalysis

Contents

1

2

3

4

6

7

9

10

13

17

Abstract………………………………………………………………

Keywords…………………………………………………………………

I.Introduction……………………………………………………………..

II.LiteratureReview………………………………………………….…

III.BriefIntroductionoftheWriter……………………………….…..

3.1.Thehistoricalbackgroundandthewriter’slife…………………………...

3.1.1ThehistoricalbackgroundofVictorianAge………………………..

3.1.2Dickens’life……………………………………………………………..

3.2.Dickens’mainworksandhiswritingstyle………………………………..

3.2.1BriefintroductionofDickens’mainworks……………………………

3.2.2Dickens’writingstyle…………………………………………………...

IV.AnalysisofSymbolicWriting………………………………………

4.1Briefintroductionofthenovel……………………………………………...

4.2Definitionofsymbol…………………………………………………………

4.3AnalysisofsymbolsinGreatExpectations…………………………………

4.3.1SymbolsinSatisHouse………………………………………………….

4.3.2SymbolsoutsideSatisHouse……………………………………………

V.Summary……………………………………………………………….

Reference………………………………………………………………….

I.Introduction

CharlesDickenswasoneofthemostfamouscriticalrealistnovelistsintheEnglishliteratureofVictorianAge;

hewrotelotsofnovelsandtheywereverypopularinthewholeword.Manyofhisworksweretranslatedintodifferentlanguages,andlotsofreadersweremovedbythestoriesinhisnovels.HewasconsideredasthegreatestEnglishrealistofVictorianAge.Inmyessay,I’mgoingtowritesomethingaboutsymbolicwritinginGreatExpectations.Mythoughtislikethis:

First,IwillintroducethewriterCharlesDickens,thehistorybackgroundinhistime,hislife;

hismainwork,andhiswritingstyle.Inmyopiniontheseareimportant,becausetheseallinfluencedthenovel.Second,givethedefinitionofsymbol,itsusageinwriting.Givethedefinitionisveryimportant,onlywhenyouknowthedefinitioncanyouknowhowitwasusedinaworkandtoanalysisit.InthethirdpartIwillmainlyanalyzesymbolsinthenovelGreatExpectations,thewriter’spurposeofthesesymbolsandwhatrolestheytakepartinthenovel;

thisisthemainbodyofmywriting.InthelastpartIwillsummarizethewholewriting.Thisisanoutlineofmyessay.

II.LiteratureReview

GreatExpectationsispopularwithpeopleforyears.Atfirst,Dickens’magazineAlltheYearRoundhadbecomeextremelypopularbasedonthesuccessofworksithadpublishedinserial,suchashisownworkATaleofTwoCitiesandWilkieCollins’sThewomaninwhite.ButithadexperiencedadeclineinpopularityafterpublishingadullserialbyCharlesLevercalledADay’sRide.DickensconceivedofGreatExpectationsasameansofrestoringhispublication’sfortunes.Thebookisstillimmenselypopularacenturyandahalflater.

OneofGreatExpectations’translatorscalledLuoZhiye（2000）wrote:

CharlesDickenswasoneofhisfavoritewriters;

hehadreadalmostmostofhiswork,andhaddeepimpressionofhim.HethoughtthatbecauseGreatExpectationswasCharlesDickens’latterwork,hehadexperiencedalot;

forthesurroundingsandhislifehehadnewanddeeperunderstanding.Sowhenwritingthisnovelheputallthesethoughtsandexperienceinit,itisamaturework.AnothertranslatorChangZixia（2003）pointsoutthatfromGreatExpectationsyoucanfindCharlesDickens’shadowofhisearlyday’slife.

ZhangBoxiang（2005）,themainwriterofACoursebookofEnglishLiteraturepointsoutthatDickens’laterworksbecomeheavilysymbolic,notonlyprovidingtheworkapredominantatmospherebutalsohighlightingitscentralconcern.Sosymbolsareimportantinthisnovel,youcanfindalottowrite.

III.Briefintroductionofthewriter

3.1Thehistoricalbackgroundandthewriter’slife

Peoplewhohavereadlotsofarticlesindifferenttimesanddifferentcountriesmayfindthatnovelsareusuallydifferentaccordingtothehistoricalbackgroundandculturedifference.Generallyspeaking,anovelusuallyhassomefeaturesofthathistory;

andawriter’sworkusuallyhassomelikenessofhisownlifetosomeextent.Maybewecansayatime’sworkcanshowthattime’slifeandawriter’sworksarealwaysthewriterhisownlife’sportrait.SoIthinkit’snecessarytoknowthehistoricalbackgroundandthewriter’slife.DickenslivedintheVictorianageofEngland.ThemostimportantfeatureofthattimewasIndustrialRevolution.Inthenoveltherearemanydescriptionofthis.

3.1.1ThehistoricalbackgroundofVictorianAge

TheVictorianAgeperiodcoversthegreaterpartofthenineteenthcentury.TheearlyyearoftheVictorianBritainwasatimeofrapiddevelopmentaswellasserioussocialproblems.IndustrialRevolutionhadtransformedthesociallandscape,enablingcapitalistsandmanufacturerstoamasshugefortunes.Steam-poweredengineswereexploitedforrailwaysandironships,forloomsprintingpresses,andfarmers’combines;

scientificdiscoveriesandtechnologicinventionsquicklybroughtamazingchangestothecountry.“ForatimeBritainwasthe‘workshopoftheworld’;

largeamountofprofitwereaccumulatebothfromexpandingtrademarketsandfromexploitingitshuge-sizedcolonies.”（ZhangBoxiang2005:

147）Towardsthemid-century,Britainhadreacheditshighestpointofdevelopmentasaworldpower.GreatExpectationswasjustbasedonthepost-IndustrialRevolutionmodelofVictorianEngland.

3.1.2Dickens’life

CharlesDickenswasbornin1812atPortsmouth;

hislifewasfullofhardships.Whenhewasnine,hisfamilymovedtoLondon,andhisfatherwasarrestedandtakentoprisonfordebt.Hismothermovedhissevenbrothersandsistersintoprisonwithhisfather,butarrangedfortheyoungCharlestolivealoneoutsidetheprisonandworkwithotherchildrenpastinglabelsonbottlesinablackingwarehouse.Atthatperiodhesufferedalot,thejobwasmiserable;

hethoughthimselftoogoodforthejob,andalwaysearnedthecontemptoftheotherchildren.Tothisexperience,also,mayevidentlybetracednosmellpartoftheintensesympathywiththeoppressedpoor,especiallywiththehelplesschildren,whichissoprominentinhisnovels,likePipinGreatExpectations,OliverinOliverTwist,DavidinDavidCopperfieldandsoon.Afterhisfatherwasreleasedfromtheprison,Dickensretunedtoschool.Whenhewasfifteen,inordertoearnhisliving,CharlesworkedasaclerkinaLondonlawyer’soffice,whereheobservedallsortsandconditionsofpeoplewithcharacteristickeenness.InGreatExpectations,hedescribedsomecharactersthathavesomethingwithlawlike:

JaggersandtheclerkWemmick,theyareallvividandrealistic.Thereisnodoubtthatthisisduetohisexperienceofearlytime’swork.LaterhebecameaParliamentaryreporterfornewspapers.ThisexperienceenabledhimtogetacquaintedwiththeinsideoftheBritishlegalandpoliticalsystem,givehimthechancetometpeopleofallkinds,andpreparedhimbothinartandstuffforhiscomingliterarycareer.Hisliteraturecareerishardbutitisasuccessfulone.Afterleftlotsoffamousworksforus,in1870,hediedofoverwork

3.2Dickens’mainworksandhiswritingstyle

InDickens’shortlifehewrotealotofnovels,theyareallpopularwithpeople.Theyaredifferentstories,buttheyhavesomesamefeatures.Forexample:

mostofhisnovelsusesymbols;

mostofhismaincharactersarelittlepoorboys.Anotherexample:

DavidCopperfieldandGreatExpectationsallhavetwomaincharacters:

oneactorandonenarrator.Inthefollowingparagraph,Iwillwritethemonebyone.

3.2.1BriefintroductionofDickens’mainworks

DickenswasconsideredasthemostpopularandproductivenovelistsinVictorianAge.Duringhislife,hewrotealotofnovelswhichshowedusamostvividpictureoftheeverydaylifeoftheordinarypeopleofhistime;

peopleusuallydividedthemintotwoparts:

theearlyworks（1836-1850）andthelaterworks（1852-1870）.Let’sjustseesomeofthem.

1）ThePickwickPaper（1836-1850）

DickenswasfirstfamousbyThePickwickPaper.Inthisnovelheattackstheuglysideofthepoliticalsystemofthetime;

however,itisstillfullofgaietyandhappylaughterofayouth.Lifeisstillpleasantandenjoyablethoughriskyfortheinnocentortheinexperienced;

theharmdoneisstillretrievable.Hewassaidasthemostfamouscriticalrealistnovelistsofthattime;

however,itseemsthatthemainpurposeofthisbookistoentertainratherthancriticize.

2）OliverTwist（1837-1839）

Thisnovelisbasedonreallifematerialsuchasthecurrenttrialofanotoriousfenceandthief-trainer.Bywritingthemostunfortunateexperienceofap