定语从句文档格式.docx
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先行词为人时
Who
that
who（m）
whose
先行词为物时
Which
ofwhich
关系副词及其功能见下表
先行词
关系副词
充当的成分
时间名词
when=at/in/onwhich
时间状语
地点名词
where=at/in/onwhich
地点状语
原因名词
why=forwhich
原因状语
eg.
1.ThisisthetownwhereIwasborn.
Thisisthetownwhich\thatIvisitedlastweek.
2.IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIcametoschool.
IwillneverforgetthedaywhichIspentwithyou.
3.Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslate.
Thisisthereasonthat\whichhetoldme.
练习
1．Theshop____Iboughtthebookisbig.
2．Theshop__________Iboughtthebookinisbig.
3．Theshop_________islocatednearbymyhouseisbig.
4．Thereason___________hewaslateisunkown.
5．Thereason__________hetoldmeforhisabsenceisnottrue.
答案1where2which/that3which/that4why/forwhich
5which/that
4．相似结构辨析
准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysago?
A.where B.that C.onwhich D.theone
例2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld?
A.where B.that C.onwhich D.theone答案：
例1D，例2A
例1变为肯定句：
Thismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysago.例2变为肯定句：
Thisisthemuseum___theexhibitionwasheld.
在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where,that,onwhich都不能起到宾语的作用，只有theone既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词that，所以应选D。
而句2中,主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因inthemuseum词组，可用介词in+which引导地点状语。
而此题中，介词on用的不对，所以选A。
1）.Isthismuseum______theystayedyesterday?
2）.Isthisthemuseum______theystayedyesterday?
3）.Isthemuseum______youvisitedyesterdaybeautiful?
4）.Itwasthemuseum______yousawmanytreasures.
5）.Itwasinthemuseum______yousawmanytreasures.
6）.Itwasinthemuseum______youdroppedinthatyousawmanytreasures.
A.whereB.whichC.thatD.theoneE./
答案：
1A2A3B、C、E4A5C6A
三．定语从句分类
定语从句又分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种
（一）限制性定语从句
形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。
意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。
eg.
Thisisthemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou.
这就是那个想见你的人。
Thegirlswho/thatarecomingaremystudents.
那些要来的孩子是我的学生。
Shewasnotonthetrainwhich/thatarrivedjustnow.
她不在刚到的那列火车上。
练习：
1）.ThemancametoourschoolisMr.Wang.
2）.ThegirlImetisLucy.
3）.AchildparentsaredeadiscalledTom.
4）.Ilikethebookyouboughtyesterday.
答案1who2whom3whose4that/which
2．that与which区分
1）先行词是everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等不定代词，引导定语从句用that。
Nothingthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
2）先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that。
ThisisthebestTVthatismadeinChina.
3）先行词被any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,very,only,last修饰时,引导定语从句用that。
I’vereadallthebooksthatyoulentme.
4）先行词中既有人又有事物时,引导定语从句用that。
Thefamouswriterandhisworksthattheradiobroadcasthavearousedgreatinterestamongthestudents.
5）Who做先行词时，引导定语从句用that。
Whothatyouhaveeverseencandoitbetter?
6）在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom。
Thisistheringonwhichshespent1000dollars.
XiaoWang,withwhomIwenttotheconcert,enjoyitverymuch.
7）在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。
Isthereanythingelsethatyouwanttosay?
8）先行词是theway时，后面用that、inwhich或者不填。
Thisisthewaythat\inwhich\shestudiesEnglish.
3.介词的判断
1）、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配（注意：
动词短语不能拆开即介词不能提前）
Thisisthebookforwhichyouasked
TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.
（1）Haveyoufoundthebook____________Ipaid29USdollars?
（2）Haveyoufoundthebook_____________Ispent29USdollars?
（3）Haveyoufoundthebook_____________welearntalot?
答案
（1）forwhich
（2）onwhich（3）fromwhich
2）、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配
HereferredmetosomereferencebookswithwhichIamnotveryfamiliar.
3）、根据先行词判断所用的介词与先行词的搭配
Thisisourclassroom，inthefrontofwhichthereisateacher’sdesk.
（1）Theoldmanalwayswearshisglasses_____hecan’tseeanything.
（2）Atlasttheycametoariver_____anewbridgeisbeingbuilt.
（3）Theboywasstayingintheroom__windowhecouldclimbdown.
（1）withoutwhich
（2）overwhich（3）throughwhose
4.巩固练习
1）AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_______hegrewupasachild.
A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where
2）Thegentleman_______youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.
A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whomD.withwhom
3）Pleasetakeanyseat____isfree.
A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.that
4）Thisistheship_______wecrossedthePacific（太平洋）.
A.bywhichB.bythatC.whereD.inwhich
5）Theboy______compositionwonthefirstprizeistheyoungestinthegroup.
A.whoB.whoseC.thatD.which
6）Idon'
tliketheway_____youspeaktoher.
A./B.thatC.inwhichD.AllA,B,andC
7）Isthisbook_____youwanttoborrowfromthelibrary?
A.thatB.whichC.theoneD./
8）Thespeakerspokeofsomewritersandsomebooks_____werepopularthen.
A./B.thatC.whichD.who
9）Ifashophaschairs______womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.
A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where
10）Thisisthestore______wevisitedthefamousshopassistants.
A.whereB.thereC.thatD.which
DBDDBDCBDA
（二）非限制性定语从句
1.定义：
非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。
引导词不能用关系副词why和关系代词that，而用who,whom代表人，用which代表事物.；
CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理·
史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
2.关系代词as和which引导的非限制性定语从句
as和which引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。
具体情况是
1）as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。
Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.
Heishonest,as/whichwecansee.
2）as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。
which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。
另外，as常常有“正如、正像”的含义。
Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.
Heisfromthesouth,aswecanknowfromhisaccent.
ZhangHuahasbeentoParismorethantentimes,whichIdon’tbelieve.
3）注意：
当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。
Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.
4）当先行词受such,thesame修饰时，关系词常用as。
I’veneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.
ThisisthesamedictionaryasIlostlastweek.
5）当先行词受thesame修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。
SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.
Sheworethesamedressasheryoungersisterwore.
6）练习
（1）___isknowntoall,theearthisround
（2）Thisissuchaninterestingbook____wealllike.
（3）Itisveryusefultomasteraforeignlanguage,_____hasbeensaidbefore.
（4）Thesetablesaremadeofmetal,madethemveryheavy
（5）Itrainedhardyesterday,____preventedmefromgoingtothepark..
（6）Ihavegotintothesametroublehehas.
As,as,as,which,which,as
（三）整合练习
1.HearrivedinBeijingin1984,_____hebecameamanager,someyearslater.
2.HearrivedinBeijingin1984,_____wasimportantforhim.
3.HearrivedinBeijingin1984,_____hewasalreadyinhisfifties.
4.HearrivedinBeijingin1984,and_____hebecamefamous.
5.Itwasin1984______hearrivedinBeijing.
A.whenB.whereC.whichD.thereE.that
B,C,A,D,E
6.Heissuchagoodteacher______wealllike.
7.Heissuchagoodteacher______wealllikehim.
8.Heisagoodteacher,_____makesusrespecthim.
A.asB.thatC.which
A,B,C
9.______isknownisthathehasgonetocollege.
10.______isknownthathehasgonetocollege.
11.______isknown,hehasgonetocollege.
12.Weallknow_____hehasgonetocollege.
13.Hehasgonetocollege,______madeussurprised.
14.Hehasgonetocollegeand______madeussurprised.
15.Hehasgonetocollege,______surprisedus.
16.______surprisedusmostwas______hehasgonetocollege.
A.ItB.AsC.whichD.WhatE.that
D,A,B,E,C,E,C,DE
（四）高考例题
1TheBeatles，____manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember,camefromLivepool.（天津）
A．what
B．that
C．how
D．as
D.句中的关系代词as作remember的宾语，引导非限制性定语从句。
2．lsawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark．BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas，shehadrunbackinthedirection____shehadcome．（重庆）
A．ofwhich
B．bywhich
C．inwhich
D．fromwhich
D.句中关系代词which前加介词from，which指代先行词direction。
3．Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking，thefirst____Ireally
enjoyed．（浙江）
A．ofthat
B．ofwhich
C．that
D．which
B.句中的关系代词which指代先行词books。
句意：
“我得到了三本烹饪书，其中的第一本我很喜欢。
”
4．—Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourselves?
—Yes，there'
sonepoint____wemustinsiston．（江西）
A．why
B．where
C．how
D．不填
D.在定语从句wemustinsiston中，关系代词which/that指代先行词
onepoint，作insiston的宾语，可以省略。
5．we'
rejusttryingtoreachapoint____bothsideswillsitdown
togetherandtalk．（山东）
A．where
B．that
C．when
A.本题测试关系副词where引导的定语从句。
“我们正在争取达成某点共识，在这点上，双方愿意坐在一起对话。
6．Lookout!
Don'
tgettooclosetothehouse____roofisunderrepair．（福建）
A．whose
B．which
C．ofwhich
D．what
A.定语从句whoseroofisunderrepair对thehouse进行限制。
7．Theworkerswillgoonstrikeifthedemandsthey____putforwardareturneddown．（福建）
A．could
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