河南省信阳市普通高中学年高二上学期期末英语试题Word格式.docx

河南省信阳市普通高中学年高二上学期期末英语试题Word格式.docx

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Mencapisacharitywhichisintendedtofightagainstprejudiceagainstthosepeoplewhosufferfromanykindoflearningdisability.MostofMencap'

sworkiscampaigning.Peoplewithlearningdisabilitiesaredisadvantagedbecauseofprejudiceandlackoffundingforcommunitycare.Mencapraisedawarenessbyworkingatlocal,nationalandEuropeanlevelstodealwiththoseissuesthataffectpeoplewithlearningdisabilities.Italsoprovidesservicesofeducation,housingandemploymentaswellassupportandadviceforfamiliesandcarersofsufferers.

EveryChildisarelativelynewcharitywhichwascreatedin1983.EveryChildidentifiestheneedsofaparticularcommunityandthensetsupprojectstomakesurethatchildreninthesecommunitieshavebasicrightssuchashealthcare.education,socialservicesandcommunitydevelopment.EveryChildsetsuptheprojectssothattheyareselfrunning.Theorganizationthenmovesontonewprojects,leavingthingsinthehandsoflocals.

TheRSPCA（RoyalSocietyforthePreventionofCrueltytoAnimals）isthefirstorganizationmeantforthewell-beingofanimalsanywhereintheworld.TheSPCAwassetupinLondonin1824.Atthattimeitwasconsideredstrangethatpeopleshouldcareaboutcrueltytoanimals.In1840QueenVictoriagavetheorganizationpermissiontobecalledaroyalsocietyTheRSPCA．ThesedaystherearealmosttwohundredbranchesintheUK.

TheTBG（TidyBritainGroup）isanindependentnationalcharityfightingtoimprovethequalityofthelocalenvironment.TheyaimtogeteveryoneinvolvedindoingtheirbittokeepBritainclean.TheworkoftheTBGisdonemainlyhroughcampaigning.Volunteersworkcloselywithgovernmentsandbusinessestoorganizeeducationalprogramsdesignedtoraiseawarenessoftheproblems.TheTBG'

ssisterorganization,GoingforGreen,concentratesonpollutionissues.Thetwogroupshavethesamechiefexecutive.

1．What'

sthemainpurposeofMencap?

A．Toimprovecommunitycare.B．Toprovideeducationalservices.

C．Tofightagainstanykindofprejudice.D．Tohelppeoplewithlearningdisabilities.

2．WhatwasQueenVictoria'

sattitudetowardstheSPCA?

A．Approving.B．Doubtful.

C．Tolerant.D．Casual.

3．GoingforGreensharesasimilargoalwith__________.

A．Mencap.B．EveryChild

C．theRSPCAD．theTBG

WhenIwasnineyearsold,Iwentofftosummercampforthefirsttime.Andmymotherpackedmeasuitcasefullofbooks,whichtomeseemedlikeaperfectlynaturalthingtodo.Whilereading,youhavetheanimalwarmthofyourfamilysittingrightnexttoyou,butyouarealsofreetoexperiencetheadventurelandinsideyourownmind.AndIhadthisideathatcampwasgoingtobejustlikethis.

Ontheveryfirstday,ourcounselor（顾问）gatheredusalltogetherandshetaughtusacheerthatshesaidwewouldbedoingeverydayfortherestofthesummertoinstill（浸润）campspirit.Anditwentlikethis:

“R-O-W-D-I-E,that'

sthewaywespellrowdie.Rowdie,rowdie,let'

sgetrowdie.Yeah！

”.SoIcouldn'

tfigureoutwhywehadtospellthiswordincorrectly.ButIrecitedthecheeralongwitheverybodyelse.Ididmybest.AndIjustwaitedforthetimethatIcouldgooffandreadmybooks.

ButthefirsttimethatItookmybookoutofmysuitcase,thecoolestgirlintheroomcameuptomeandaskedme,“Whyareyoubeingsomellow（安静的）?

”Mellow,ofcourse,istheexactoppositeofR-O-W-D-I-E.AndthenthesecondtimeItriedit,thecounselorcameuptomewithaconcernedexpressiononherfaceandsherepeatedthepointaboutcampspiritandsaidweshouldallworkveryhardtobeoutgoing.

AndsoIputmybooksaway,backintheirsuitcase,andIputthemundermybed,andtheretheystayedfortherestofthesummer.AndIfeltkindofguiltyaboutthis.Ifeltasifthebooksneededmesomehow,andtheywerecallingouttomebutIjustgavethemup.

4．Accordingtotheauthor,whatwouldthecomingcampbelike?

A．Itwouldbeverynoisy.

B．Itwouldinvolvelotsofreading.

C．Itwouldbefullofdangerandexcitement.

D．Itwouldmakeagoodchancetogetclosetonature.

5．Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutthecheerpart?

A．Puzzled.B．Excited.

C．Concerned.D．Frightened.

6．Howdidthecounselorreactonseeingtheauthorreading?

A．Shegotveryangry.

B．Shepraisedtheauthor.

C．Sheaskedtheauthortosharethebook

D．Sheindirectlyadvisedtheauthornottoread.

7．Whywastheauthorguilty?

A．Shewaskindofquiet.

B．Shehadtoleaveherbooksunread.

C．Shewasunwillingtoopenherbooks.

D．Shedidn'

tfollowthecounselor'

sadvice.

Haveyoueverwonderedhowmanycigarettesyou'

repassivelysmokingwhilewalkingthroughthestreetsofapolluted,smog-infused（（烟雾笼罩的）city?

No?

Well,apairofdigitaldevelopersjustinventedanappthatwilldefinitelyandaccuratelyanswerthatquestion.

Shit,ISmoke!

wascreatedbyBrazilian-borndesignerMarceloCoelhoandParis-bornappdeveloperAmauryMartinyinjustaweek,aftertheyreadastudythatanalyzedairpollutionanditsequivalent（等量）tocigarettesmoking.Thearticle,co-writtenbyRichardMueller,aMacArthurfellowandphysicsprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,explainsamathematicalmodelthatcomparessmokingandtobacco-relateddeathstolevelsofPM2.5,amicroscopicparticle（微粒）thatisadangerous,cancerouspollutantafterburning.

TheappshowsthatParisianscaneffectivelyinhale（吸入）betweenthreeandsixcigarettesperday,whileapersoninDelhicouldbesmokingupto20cigarettes-withouteventouchingone--onabadday.Othercitieshaveworryingnumbers,too（6.5cigarettesdailyinMexicoCity）.

“IwassurprisedtoseethatBuenosAiresandSaoPaulohavethebestairqualityinallLatinAmerica,despitethefactthattheseareheavilypopulatedcities,”saidCoelho,who'

soriginallyfromthelatter,Brazil'

slargestcity.

ForbothCoelhoandMartiny,theappisn'

tonlyausefultooltoinformusersabouttheircity'

sairquality;

italsomakesthisinformationmoreaccessibleandeasiertounderstand.“Theseair-qualitymonitoringstationsarejustnumbers,numbersthatareveryspecifictoprofessionalswhoworkinenvironmentalissues,”Martinysaid.“Sowhenyoumakethisconversion（转换）tocigarettes,itmakesiteasiertounderstandwhatpeoplearedealingwithandtheconsequencesairqualityhasinthedailylives.”

Thedevelopers'

plannowistokeepworkingonandenrichingtheapp'

sfeatures.Thiswillmostlikelyincludemonthlyaveragecigaretterates,andenablinguserstogetdatafromcitiesotherthantheonethey'

rein.

8．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thatquestion”mean?

A．Howseverelyacity'

sairispolluted.

B．Howharmfulitistosmokeinurbanareas.

C．Howmanycigarettesoneusuallysmokesdaily.

D．Howmuchharmfulairyou'

retakingininurbanareas.

9．AccordingtoShit,ISmoke!

whichcityhastheworstairquality?

A．ParisB．Delhi.

C．MexicoCity.D．SaoPaulo.

10．BeforeCoelhousedtheapp,heprobablythoughtthat__________.

A．Brazilmighthavegoodair

B．hishometownwasabadlypollutedcity.

C．airpollutionwasn'

taprobleminLatinAmerica.

D．BuenosAireshadthebestairqualityinLatinAmerica

11．IntheopinionofCoelhoandMartiny,whatistheusageoftheapp?

A．Encouragingpeopletoabandonthehabitofsmoking.

B．Recommendingsomebestplacesforpeopletolivein.

C．Helpingpeoplebetterknowtheireverydayairquality.

D．Remindingpeopletodosomethinggoodfortheenvironment.

Researchershavestudiedhowbirthorderaffectskid’spersonalitiesinthepast,butonestudyoutoftheUnitedKingdomhasfoundthatfirstbornsmayhaveaneducationaladvantageovertheiryoungersiblings（兄弟姐妹）.

ResearchersattheUniversityofEssex’sInstituteforSocialandEconomicResearchsurveyed3,553individualsand1,503groupsofsiblings,anddiscoveredthatfirstbornchildrentendedtohavehighereducationalaspirationsandattainment.Onlychildrenandfirstborntwinswerenotincludedinthestudy.

Foreachfamilyinvolvedinthestudy,researcherFeifeiBuexaminedsiblingbirthorder,thenumberofchildreninthefamily,agespacing,sex,health,relationshipswithoneanotherandeducationalaspirations.Shefoundthatfirstbornshadagreaterprobability—16percenthigher—ofattendingfurthereducation,comparedwithlater-bornsibling.

“Theadvantageoffirstbornsineducationaloutcomesmaybepartiallyexplainedbythefactthatfirstbornstendtohavehigheraspirationswhichpushthemtowardhigheducationlevels,”Buwroteinthepublishedstudy.

ShefurtherexplainedtoTheGuardianthatparentingcouldplayarole.“Itcouldbethattheparentssimplydevotemoretimeandenergytothem;

itcouldbethattheyareactuallymoreintelligent.Forme,Itendtoleantowardsthetheorythattheamountoftime,energyandinvolvementthatparentsputintocaringfortheirchildrenispossiblyatworkhere,”shesaid.

Shealsofoundagespacingtobeacontributingfactor.Thefurtherapartinagethesiblings—forexample,asixyearinsteadofoneyeardifference—themorelikelybothkidsweretobesuccessful.Theideaisthatwithwidelyspacedsiblings,parentshavetheabilitytospreadouttheirresources.Inotherwords,theyhavetimetogiveeachchildmoretimeandmoney.

Butyoungersiblingsshouldn’tworry.Theworldisfullofsuccessfulmiddleandyoungestchildrenwillingtoprovethisstudywrong.

12．WhoaremorelikelytocompletehigherlevelsofeducationaccordingtoParagraphs1and2?

A．Onlychildren.B．Firstbornt