陈冲The Difference on Chinese and WesternDietary CulturesWord格式.docx
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题目:
TheDifferenceonChineseandWesternDietaryCultures
班级:
姓名:
陈冲
学号:
指导教师:
赵越婴
日期:
2012年11月22日
Abstract:
Thispaperaimstounderstandthecomplicatedaspectsoffoodcultureandtoguidethecateringthingsinrestaurantsandsoon.Basically,thedietisessentialforhumansurvivalanddevelopment,oneofthebasiccontentofsociallife.Butlater,inthebasisofimprovingourabilityofrealization,weshouldenhancethestrongpointsandavoidsweakness,improvingdietstructure,advancingthedietqualityandensuringeveryonetohavehealthydietintheirdailylife,andtillnow,itmaycausedifferentdietaryculturesbetweenChinaandWest,justduetothedifferentofgeography,environment,culture,climate,religion.Nowmystudyherewillfocusonafewtopicaboutthissubject:
Cookingcriteria,culturalcharacteristics,foodobjects,eatinghabitsandtablemanners.
KeyWords:
Foodcultures;
TheChineseandwest;
Difference
TableofContents
PartOneIntroduction....................................................................1
1.1Chinesefoodculture..............................................1
1.2Westernfoodculture.....................................................2
PartTwoThedefinitionofcultureandfoodculture\PartTwo..............................2
2.1Thedefinitionofculture..............................................2
2.2Thedefinitionoffoodculture..............................................2
PartThreeThereasonandfactorcausedthedifferenceoffoodculture................3
3.1differentfoodobject...............................................3
3.2differenteating...............................................4
3.3differenttablemanners..............................................5
3.4Culturalbackground...............................................5
3.5Thedifferenthistoricaldevelopments.........................................6
PartFourConclusions...............................................7
PartOneIntroduction
Withthedevelopmentofhumansociety,interculturalcommunicationandcombinationbetweencountrieshavebecomemoreandmorefrequent,sointerculturalcommunicationhasbeenplayinganimportantroleinourlife.Everybodyshouldeatsomethingeveryday,butthefoodcultureofeachcountryisdifferent.“Food,asessentialprerequisiteforexistence,isanysubstancethatprovidesthenutrientsnecessarytomaintainlifeandgrowthwheningested.”Itplaysanirreplaceableroleinthedevelopmentofsocietyandintheprogressofhumanbeings,whetherinancienttimeswhenprimitivemanatetherawfleshofbirdsandbeastsorinmoderntimeswhenhumanshaveenteredtheneweraofinformationandwhetherineastorinthewest.TherearegreatdisparitiesbetweenChinaandwesterncountriesintheetiquetteandcontentoffood,sothecomparativestudyofChineseandwesternfoodcultureswillhelpusincreasecross-culturalawarenessthattolerating,understanding,andfurthermore,appreciatingandrespectingculturaldifferencesisessentialifwearetoachievecross-culturalcompetenceduringtheinteraction.Moreover,aswecommunicatewithpeoplefromdifferentcultures,wewilllearnmoreaboutthemandtheirswayoflife,includingtheirhistory,valuesandthesubstanceoftheirpersonality,andeventually,wewillunderstandthembetter,orfeelempathywiththem.Basedontheabove-mentionedpurposes,accordinglytothisresearch,tosomeextent,isofgreatsignificanceboththeoreticallyandpractically.Thisthesisconsistsoffiveparts.
1.1Chinesefoodculture
Asbeenwellknown,Chinaisahugecountrywithaverylonghistory.Ofcourse,Chinesefoodisfamousanduniquearoundtheworld.WhatarethedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternfoodculture?
Ideemthatthisisavaluabletopic.SoIwillfocusonafewtalkaboutthisissue.Chinahas5000yearshistory.Chinesesayinggoes,hungerbreedsdiscontent.SoChinesepeopleattachgreatimportancetofood.Foronething,ChineseandWesternersaredifferentconceptsinthediet.Chinesepeoplearefocusonthetaste.TheypursuealltheColor,flavorandtastebutWesternconceptofrationaldiet.TheypursuenutritionandtheyabsorbCalorieandprotein.Chinesepeoplechoicefoodverycarefully.Theyonlyusefreshmaterialinordertomakedeliciousfood.
1.2Westernfoodculture
WesterncountrylikeEnglishorAmerican,theydonothavefreshfoodbecausetheybuytheirfoodformsupermarketwhichonlysellsmaterialsChinesehavealotofideasandtechniquesforcooking.Forexample,wecutachickeninovertenwaysandpeoplecantasteallthemwithrelish.Westernpeopledonothavemanyskillsforcooking,mostlytheyonlyboil,steamandbakethefood.Foranotherthing,Chinesearewesternersaredifferenthabitsinthediet.Termsofdiet,consumptionofvegetableseverydayinChinamuchmorethanWesterners.Chineselikecoarsegrains,whileWesternerspreferrefinedgrain.Inface,wholegrainscontainmorenutrientsthanrefinedgrains;
Chinesepeoplelovetoeatvegetableoil,whileWesternersliketousecookinganimalfatwithhighcholesterol,inadditiontoadailyintakeisalsoalotofbutter.
PartTwoThedefinitionofcultureandfoodculture2.1Thedefinitionofculture
Cultureisasystemofsharedbenefits,values,customs,behaviorsandartifactsthatthemembersofthesocietyusewiththeirworldandwithonanotherandthataretransmittedfromgenerationthroughlearning.Wedefineculturesasthedepositofknowledge,experience,beliefs,values,actions,attitudes,meaning,hierarchies,religion,notionsoftime,role,spatialrelations,conceptsofuniverseandartifactsacquiredbyagroupofpeopleinthecourseofgenerationsthroughindividualandgroupstriving.
2.2Thedefinitionoffoodculture
Foodcultureobviouslybelongstopopularculturethatisovert,explicitandobjective.Actually,tillnow,nobodyhasevermadeawidelyrecognizeddefinitionbecauseofvariousreasons.However,here,asfarasthisresearchisconcerned,inordertomaketocomparisonmoreconcreteandpractical,theauthorconfinesfoodcontents,foodhabits,foodetiquette,theattitudestowardsfood,thefunctionoffood,etc,thatarcderivedfromeachindividualculture.
PartThree:
Thedifferencesoffoodculture.
3.1Differentfoodobject
TheWesternershavethetraditionsofnomadicandseafaringnations,leadingtheirlivingmainlyonfishingandhuntingandsupplementaryonthecultivationtheyhavemoremeatfoodandalltheyneedintheirdailylifearetakenfromanimalsandeventherefiningmaterialsofmedicinearealsotakenfromanimals.Theypaymoreattentiontotheintakeofanimalproteinandfat,andtheirdietstructuremostlyconsistsofanimaldishes,mainlybeef,chicken,pork,muttonandfish.Therefore,meathasahighproportioninthediet.Inmoderntimes,thecropfarminghasbeenincreasingalot,buttheproportionofmeatinthedietisstillhigherthanthatofChinesepeople.
AccordingtoasurveyofWesternBotanist,therearemorethan600kindsofvegetablesforChinesepeople,sixtimesmorethanintheWest.Infact,inChinesecuisine,thevegetarianisacommonfood.Meatdishbecomesacommondietonlyintheholidaysorinaffluentfamilies,soeversinceancienttimesthereisasayingof“vegetarianfood”whichleadsadominantpositionineverydaydiet.TheChinesemaketheplant-baseddishestobethemaindishes,whichhasmanyramificationswiththeBuddhistsadvocacy.Theyregardanimalsas“beings”whileplantsas“nosoul”,therefore,theyadvocatevegetarianism.InintroducingthecharacteristicsoftheWesterndiet,theWesternersputmoreemphasisonnutritionthantheChinese.Theyhaverelativelywell-developedfoodindustries,suchascannedfood,fastfoodandsoon.Althoughthetasteismonotonous,itcansavetime,anditisrichinnutrition,sogenerallythepeopleintheircountriescangrowstrongerthantheChinesepeople.Theyhavetallheight,longlegs,wideshouldersandmuscularbody,whiletheChinesehavediminutivebody,narrowshoulders,shortlegsandweakconstitutions.AccordingtothefactthattheWesterndietissignificantlydifferentinthecharacteristicsofthefoodobjectsfromtheChinesediet,someonecalledtheChineseplantcharacter,andtheWesternerstheanimalcharacter.
ThedifferencesofthedietcontentbetweentheChineseandtheWesternarealsoreflectedinthatTheWesternersliketoeatcolddishes,fromthecolddishplatter,saladtocolddrinks,thetablestrewnwithcolddish.However,theChinesepeoplelikehotfood,inadditionthatafewsamplesinthefrontofthemaindishesarecold,themaincourseishot.IntheChineseview,thehotfoodgettingcoldwilllosemuchflavor.Inordertogetthedelicioustasteoffoodweshouldeathotfood.
3.2DifferentEating
Inthewayofhavingdinner,inChina,nomatterwhatthebanquetis,peopletendtositaroundtoenjoythefoodplacedinthemiddleofthetablewhicharenotonlythesubjectsforpeopleatthetabletoenjoy,butalsoamediumtosharetheirfeelings