全国硕士研究生招生考试英语 试题 完整版 及参考答案.docx

全国硕士研究生招生考试英语 试题 完整版 及参考答案.docx

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全国硕士研究生招生考试英语试题完整版及参考答案

2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题

Section1UseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]on

ANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareasrelatedasfourthcousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.Thatis1a

studypublishedfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNational

AcademyofSciences,has2.

Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted31932uniquesubjectswhich4pairsofunrelatedfriendsand

unrelatedstrangers.Thesamepeoplewereusedinboth5.While1%mayseem6,itisnotsotoageneticist.As

JamesFowler,professorofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiego,says,Mostpeopledonoteven7theirfourth

cousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho8ourkin.

Thestudy9foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.Why

thissimilarityinolfactorygenesisdifficulttoexplain,fornow.10Perhaps,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsusto

similarenvironmentsbutthereismore11it.Therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingintandemthat12usin

choosinggeneticallysimilarfriends13thannalkinshipofbeingfriendswith14!

Oneoftheremarkable

findingsofthestudywasthatthesimilargenesseemtobeevolving15thanothergenes.Studyingthiscould

help16whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor17

factor.

Thefindingsdonotsimplycorroboratepeoples18tobefriendthoseofsimilar19backgrounds,saythe

researchers.ThoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofEuropeanextraction,carewastakento20

thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangersweretakenfromthesamepopulation.Theteamalsocontrolledthedatato

checkancestryofsubjects.

SectionIIReadingComprehension

1、What

2、Concluded

22

3、On

4、Compared

5、Samples

6、Insignificant

7、Know

8、Resemble

9、Also

10、Perhaps

11、To

12、Drive

13、Ratherthan

14、Benefits

15、Faster

16、understand

17、Contributory

18、Tendency

19、Ethnic

20、see

23

PartA

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Mark

youranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

原标题：

2015年考研英语一真题答案（完整版）

TEXT1

KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsistedkingsdontabdicate,theydieintheirsleep.Butembarrassingscandals

andthepopularityoftherepublicansleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstand

down.So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?

Doesthatmeanthewritingison

thewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?

TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchy.Whenpublicopinionisparticularly

polarized,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFranceregime,monarchscanriseabovemerepolitiesandembody

aspiritofnationalunity.

Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpolitiesthatexplainsmonarchyscontinuingpopularityasheadsofstate.And

so,theMiddleEastexpected,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdoms（not

countingVaticanCityandAndorra）.ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyal

familieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbut

respectedpublicfigure.

Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,their

veryhistory-andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday-embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesand

inequalities.AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandothereconomistsarewarmingofrisinginequalityandthe

increasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolic

heartofmoderndemocraticstates.

Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princesandprincesses

haveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses（orhelicopters）.Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywith

theinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.

WhileEuropesmonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtosurviveforsometimetocome,itistheBritish

royalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.

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ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchysreputationwithherratherordinary（ifwell-heeled）

grannystyle.ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandapretty

hierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausethey

provideaservice-asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglish

historyshows,itiskings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchysworstenemies.

21.Accordingtothefirsttwographs,KingJuanCarlosofSpain

[A]easedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals.

[B]usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport.

[C]wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals.

[D]endedhisreigninembarrassment.

22.MonarchsarekeptasheadofstateinEuropemostly

[A]togivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupto.

[B]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality.

[C]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus.

[D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment.

23.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtograph4?

[A]Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies.

[B]Aristocratsexcessiverelianceoninheritedwealth.

[C]Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies.

[D]Thenobilitysadherencetotheirprivileges.

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24.TheBritishroyalshavemosttofearbecauseCharles

[A]takesatoughlineonpoliticalissues.

[B]failstochangehislifestyleasadvised.

[C]takesrepublicansashispotentialallies.

[D]failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole.

25.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

[A]Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined

[B]Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone

[C]Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats

[D]Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs

hisreigninembarrassment.

22.Cowingtotheundoubtedandrespectablestatus

23.Atheroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracy

24.Bfailstochangehislifestyleasadvised.

25.DCarlos,alessonforallMonarchies

TEXT2

JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?

TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhether

policecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduring

anarrest.

26

Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheold

assumptionsthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,

thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.

ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCaliforniasadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsare

discernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticecanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersand

defendants.

TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCaliforniaslameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone-avast

storehouseofdigitalinformationissimilartosay,goingthroughasuspectspurse.Thecourthasruledthat

policedontviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorpocketbook,ofanarrestee

withoutawarrant.Butexploringonessmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemay

containanarresteesreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecent

correspondence.Thedevelopmentofcloudcomputing.meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchthe

easier.

ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCaliforniasargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimes

demandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitutionsprotections.OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosion

andaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasadigital

necessityoflifeinthe20th:

Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthe

passengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.

26.TheSupremecourt,willworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto

[A]searchforsuspectsmobilephoneswithoutawarrant.

[B]checksuspectsphonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.

[C]preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents.

[D]prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones.

27.TheauthorsattitudetowardCaliforniasargumentisoneof

[A]tolerance.

27

[B]indifference.

[C]disapproval.

[D]cautiousness.

28.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringonesphonecontentiscombleto

[A]gettingintoonesresidence.

[B]handingoneshistoricalrecords.

[C]scanningonescorrespondences.

[D]goingthroughoneswallet.

29.Ingraph5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernthat

[A]principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed.

[B]thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction.

[C]phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation.

[D]citizensprivacyisnoteffectiveprotected.

Kerrscomparisonisquotedtoindicatethat

（A）theConstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexibly.

（B）NewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution.

（C）CaliforniasargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution.

（D）PrinciplesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbealtered.

28

26.Bchecksuspectsphonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.

gettingintoonesresidence

29.Dcitizensprivacyisnoteffectivelyprotected

newtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheconstitution

Text3

ThejournalScienceisaddinganextra