大学英语考试复习资料大学四级模拟298.docx
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大学英语考试复习资料大学四级模拟298
[大学英语考试复习资料]大学四级模拟298
大学四级模拟298
PartⅠWriting
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicof"teachingmethods"inthreeorfourparagraphs.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow
问题:
1.Introduction:
Basicallytherearetwoteachingmethods.
1.Lecturemethod:
A.Advantages:
Bestatpassingoncontenttostudents
Cultivatingdisciplineandself-control
B.Disadvantage:
Makingstudentstotallypassive
2.Grouplearningmethod:
A.Advantages:
Encouragingstudentstobeactiveparticipants
Makingstudentsmorecreative
B.Disadvantage:
Neglectingbasicskillsandbackgroundknowledge
3.Yourownview(s)
A"hybrid"(综合的)method
ARandomRemarkonTeachingMethods
答案:
[参考范文]
ARandomRemarkonTeachingMethods
I'venoticedthatthereare,basically,twoteachingmethodsexistinginoureducationalinstitutionstoday.Oneisthetraditionallecturemethodourteachersareusedto;theotheristhegrouplearningmethodadoptedbymanyofourguestteachersatcollege.
Inalectureclassroom,theteacherdominatestheclassbydoingmostofthetalking.Studentslistenandtakenotes.Themethodisbestatpassingoncontenttostudents,whosebrainsareseenasvesselstobefilledin.Andtherigidclassschedulehelpspreparestudentsforasocietythatvaluesdisciplineandself-control.Butgenerally,studentsremaintotallypassive,givenlittleresponsibilityfortheirownlearning.
InContrast,theteacherofagrouplearningclassroomappearstohavenodefiniteroleatall,andstudentsarenotrequiredtomemorizeanyinformation.Instead,theyareencouragedtoactivelygeneratetheirownideas,eachcontributinginsightsforthesuccessofthegroup.Thismethodbestpreparesstudentsforasocietythatvaluescreativeideas.Thedisadvantageis,however,thatstudentsareapttooveremphasizepracticalexperience,lackinginnecessarybasicskillsandbackgroundknowledge.
Inmyopinion,a"hybrid"methodmightworkbetter.Ontheonehand,teachersshouldspendconsiderabletimepreparingtheirlessonsbutleavemoreroomforstudentstodisplaytheircreativeness.Ontheother,teachersshouldprovidemoreinteractiveactivitiesinclass—designingchallenginggrouptasksandencouragingdifferentopinions.Itisimportantthatteachersgetthemselvesinvolvedinthelivesoftheirstudents,fullyawareofwhattheythinkandwhatthesocietyreallyneeds.Onlyinthisway,canstudentsbecomeactiveyetwelldisciplined,creativeyetself-controlled.
PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.
Forquestions1-7,mark
Y(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiven
inthepassage;
N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiven
inthepassage;
NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.
Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage
TheIllusionofProgress
—byLesterR.Brown
LesterR.BrownisaseniorresearcherattheWorldwatchInstitute,whicheveryyearsince1984hasproducedavolumeabouttheStateoftheWorld.Eachyear,thisbookupdatesinformationonpoverty,overpopulation,airandwaterquality,agriculturalland,andotherworldconditions.Arespectedsourcebook,itisconsultedbytheUnitedNationsandotherorganizationsconcernedaboutprotectingourworldenvironment.ThefollowingreadingisanexcerptfromthefirstchapterofStateoftheWorld,1992.
Foraboutfour-fifthsofhumanbeingsbornsinceWorldWarⅡ,lifehasseemedtobeatimeofcontinuouseconomicprogress.Theglobaleconomicproductionisaboutfivetimeslargerthanitwasin1950.Theincreaseineconomicgrowtheverytenyearshasbeensimilartotheincreasefromthebeginningofcivilizationuntil1950.
Worldfoodproductionhasalsoincreasedagreatdeal.Thiswasaresultofincreaseddemandcausedbypopulationgrowthandrisingwealth,andwasmadepossiblebymoderntechnology.Theworld'sgrainharvestis2.6timeslargerthanitwasin1950.Noothergenerationofhumanbeingshasseensuchlargegainsinproduction.
Suchgainswouldseemtobeacauseforcelebration,butinsteadthereisasenseofillusion,afeelingthatnotsomuchprogresshasbeenmade.Onereasonforthisisthatoursystemofnationalaccountingusedtomeasureprogressconsidersthelossinvalueoffactoriesandequipment,butdoesnotconsidertheusingupofnaturalresources.Sincemid-century,theworldhaslostnearlyone-fifthofthetopsoilfromitscroplands,afifthofitstropicalrainforests,andtensofthousandsofitsplantandanimalspecies.
Duringthissameperiod,atmosphericcarbondioxide(CO2)levelshaveincreasedby13percent,causinghottersummers.Theprotectiveozone(臭氧)layerinthestratospherehasdecreasedby2percentworldwideandfarmoreoverAntarctica.Deadlakesanddyingforestshaveresultedfromindustrialization.Historiansinthetwenty-firstcenturymayadmireoureconomicperformance—butregrettheenvironmentalconsequences.
Throughoutourlifetimes,economictrendshaveshapedenvironmentaltrends,oftenaffectingtheearth'snaturalresourcesandsystemsinwaysnotclearatthetime.Now,asweenterthenineties,thereverseisalsobeginningtohappen:
environmentaltrendsarebeginningtoshapeeconomictrends.
Environmentaldamagetotheplanetisbeginningtoaffectharvestsoffood.Theeffectsoflosing24billiontonsoftopsoileachyeararebeingfeltinsomeoftheworld'smajorfood-producingregions.Recentstudiesindicatethatairpollutionisdamagingcropsinbothauto-centeredeconomiesoftheWestandcoal-burningeconomiesoftheEast.Meteorologistscannotyetbecertain,butthehottersummersanddecreasedrainfalloftheeightiesmaybeearlyindicationsofthegreenhouseeffect.
Environmentaldamageundoubtedlywasacauseofslowergrowthinworldgrainproductionduringtheeighties.Thedoublingofgrainoutputmentionedaboveoccurredbetween1950and1984;sincethen,therehasbeennosignificantincrease.The1989estimatedharvest(1.67billiontons)wasuponlyipercentfromthatof1984,whichmeansthatgrainoutputperpersonisdownnearly7percent.
Largeamountsofpreviouslystoredfoodhave.beenusedup.Insomeareas,peoplehaveconsumedlessfood.Althoughfiveyearsisnotlongenoughtoindicatealong-termtrend,thisdoesshowthattheworld'sfarmersarefindingitmoredifficulttokeepupwithgrowthinpopulation.
NowhereisthisclearerthaninAfrica,wherethecombinationofhighpopulationgrowthanddamagetocroplandsisdecreasinggrainproductionperperson.Adropof20percentinproductionfrom1967haschangedthecontinentintoagrainimporter,causedanincreaseintheregion'sforeigndebt,andleftmillionsofAfricanshungryandphysicallyweakened.Ina1991report,WorldBankeconomistsdescribedthecontinuationofrecenttrendsasa"nightmarescenario."
InbothAfricaandLatinAmerica,foodconsumptionperpersonislowertodaythanitwaswhenthedecadebegan.Infantdeathrates—agoodindicatorofmalnutrition—appeartohaveincreasedinmanycountriesinAfricaand.LatinAmerica,reversingtheprevioustrendofdecrease.NationsinwhichtherearedatatoindicatethisriseininfantdeathrateincludeBrazil,theDominicanRepublic,ElSalvador,Ghana,Madagascar,Mexico,Peru,Uruguay,andZambia.
1.ThisessayistakenfromtheStateoftheWorld,asourcebookpublishedbytheUnitedNations,whichupdatesinformationeachyearonsuchworldconditionsaspoverty,overpopulation,airandwaterqualityandagriculturalland.
答案:
N
2.Thelatterpartofthe20thcenturyhasseenacontinuousincreaseineconomicgrowth,butsuchachievements,accordingtoL.R.Brown,donotnecessarilymakeupacauseforcelebration.
答案:
N
3.Themainmeasureofeconomicgrowthisfaultyinthatoursystemofnationalaccountingincludesonlylossinvalueoffactoriesandequipmentbutdoesnotconsiderlossofnaturalresourcesasanegativefactor.
答案:
Y
4.Withanincreaseinworldfoodproduction,peopleinAfricaandLatinAmericatodayeatmorefoodthantheydidadecadeago.
答案:
N
5.Scientistsingeneralbelievethatcroplands,forests,andgrasslandswillsupplyenoughrawmaterials,food,andfueltoguaranteefurthereconomicgrowthintheyearstocome.
答案:
NG
6.Accordingtoourcurrentwayofaccounting,countriesthatover-cutforestsaredoingbettereconomicallythancountriesthatkeepthesamenumberoftrees.
答案:
NG
7.Sincetheearly1990senvironmentaltrendshavestartedtoaffectoureconomictrends,withtheeffectsoflosinglargeamountsoftopsoilbeingfelt.
答案:
Y
8.Meteorologistssuspectthatthehottersummersanddecreasedrainfallofthe1980smightbe______.
答案:
earlyindicationofthegreenhouseeffect
9.Thisessayismainlyconcernedwith______.
答案:
thecarelessconsumptionofnaturalresourcesanditsnegativeconsequences
10.Bythe"IllusionofProgress"theauthormeansthat______.
答案:
thecurrentwayofevaluatingacountry'seconomyproducesamisleadingsenseofeconomichealth
PartⅢListeningComprehension
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereach-question,therewillbeapause.Duringthepauseyoumustreadthefour