大学英语考试复习资料大学四级模拟298.docx

大学英语考试复习资料大学四级模拟298.docx

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大学英语考试复习资料大学四级模拟298

[大学英语考试复习资料]大学四级模拟298

大学四级模拟298

PartⅠWriting

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicof"teachingmethods"inthreeorfourparagraphs.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow

问题:

1.Introduction:

Basicallytherearetwoteachingmethods.

1.Lecturemethod:

A.Advantages:

Bestatpassingoncontenttostudents

Cultivatingdisciplineandself-control

B.Disadvantage:

Makingstudentstotallypassive

2.Grouplearningmethod:

A.Advantages:

Encouragingstudentstobeactiveparticipants

Makingstudentsmorecreative

B.Disadvantage:

Neglectingbasicskillsandbackgroundknowledge

3.Yourownview（s）

A"hybrid"（综合的）method

ARandomRemarkonTeachingMethods

答案:

[参考范文]

ARandomRemarkonTeachingMethods

I'venoticedthatthereare,basically,twoteachingmethodsexistinginoureducationalinstitutionstoday.Oneisthetraditionallecturemethodourteachersareusedto;theotheristhegrouplearningmethodadoptedbymanyofourguestteachersatcollege.

Inalectureclassroom,theteacherdominatestheclassbydoingmostofthetalking.Studentslistenandtakenotes.Themethodisbestatpassingoncontenttostudents,whosebrainsareseenasvesselstobefilledin.Andtherigidclassschedulehelpspreparestudentsforasocietythatvaluesdisciplineandself-control.Butgenerally,studentsremaintotallypassive,givenlittleresponsibilityfortheirownlearning.

InContrast,theteacherofagrouplearningclassroomappearstohavenodefiniteroleatall,andstudentsarenotrequiredtomemorizeanyinformation.Instead,theyareencouragedtoactivelygeneratetheirownideas,eachcontributinginsightsforthesuccessofthegroup.Thismethodbestpreparesstudentsforasocietythatvaluescreativeideas.Thedisadvantageis,however,thatstudentsareapttooveremphasizepracticalexperience,lackinginnecessarybasicskillsandbackgroundknowledge.

Inmyopinion,a"hybrid"methodmightworkbetter.Ontheonehand,teachersshouldspendconsiderabletimepreparingtheirlessonsbutleavemoreroomforstudentstodisplaytheircreativeness.Ontheother,teachersshouldprovidemoreinteractiveactivitiesinclass—designingchallenginggrouptasksandencouragingdifferentopinions.Itisimportantthatteachersgetthemselvesinvolvedinthelivesoftheirstudents,fullyawareofwhattheythinkandwhatthesocietyreallyneeds.Onlyinthisway,canstudentsbecomeactiveyetwelldisciplined,creativeyetself-controlled.

PartⅡReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.

Forquestions1-7,mark

Y（forYES）ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiven

inthepassage;

N（forNO）ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiven

inthepassage;

NG（forNOTGIVEN）iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage

TheIllusionofProgress

—byLesterR.Brown

LesterR.BrownisaseniorresearcherattheWorldwatchInstitute,whicheveryyearsince1984hasproducedavolumeabouttheStateoftheWorld.Eachyear,thisbookupdatesinformationonpoverty,overpopulation,airandwaterquality,agriculturalland,andotherworldconditions.Arespectedsourcebook,itisconsultedbytheUnitedNationsandotherorganizationsconcernedaboutprotectingourworldenvironment.ThefollowingreadingisanexcerptfromthefirstchapterofStateoftheWorld,1992.

Foraboutfour-fifthsofhumanbeingsbornsinceWorldWarⅡ,lifehasseemedtobeatimeofcontinuouseconomicprogress.Theglobaleconomicproductionisaboutfivetimeslargerthanitwasin1950.Theincreaseineconomicgrowtheverytenyearshasbeensimilartotheincreasefromthebeginningofcivilizationuntil1950.

Worldfoodproductionhasalsoincreasedagreatdeal.Thiswasaresultofincreaseddemandcausedbypopulationgrowthandrisingwealth,andwasmadepossiblebymoderntechnology.Theworld'sgrainharvestis2.6timeslargerthanitwasin1950.Noothergenerationofhumanbeingshasseensuchlargegainsinproduction.

Suchgainswouldseemtobeacauseforcelebration,butinsteadthereisasenseofillusion,afeelingthatnotsomuchprogresshasbeenmade.Onereasonforthisisthatoursystemofnationalaccountingusedtomeasureprogressconsidersthelossinvalueoffactoriesandequipment,butdoesnotconsidertheusingupofnaturalresources.Sincemid-century,theworldhaslostnearlyone-fifthofthetopsoilfromitscroplands,afifthofitstropicalrainforests,andtensofthousandsofitsplantandanimalspecies.

Duringthissameperiod,atmosphericcarbondioxide（CO2）levelshaveincreasedby13percent,causinghottersummers.Theprotectiveozone（臭氧）layerinthestratospherehasdecreasedby2percentworldwideandfarmoreoverAntarctica.Deadlakesanddyingforestshaveresultedfromindustrialization.Historiansinthetwenty-firstcenturymayadmireoureconomicperformance—butregrettheenvironmentalconsequences.

Throughoutourlifetimes,economictrendshaveshapedenvironmentaltrends,oftenaffectingtheearth'snaturalresourcesandsystemsinwaysnotclearatthetime.Now,asweenterthenineties,thereverseisalsobeginningtohappen:

environmentaltrendsarebeginningtoshapeeconomictrends.

Environmentaldamagetotheplanetisbeginningtoaffectharvestsoffood.Theeffectsoflosing24billiontonsoftopsoileachyeararebeingfeltinsomeoftheworld'smajorfood-producingregions.Recentstudiesindicatethatairpollutionisdamagingcropsinbothauto-centeredeconomiesoftheWestandcoal-burningeconomiesoftheEast.Meteorologistscannotyetbecertain,butthehottersummersanddecreasedrainfalloftheeightiesmaybeearlyindicationsofthegreenhouseeffect.

Environmentaldamageundoubtedlywasacauseofslowergrowthinworldgrainproductionduringtheeighties.Thedoublingofgrainoutputmentionedaboveoccurredbetween1950and1984;sincethen,therehasbeennosignificantincrease.The1989estimatedharvest（1.67billiontons）wasuponlyipercentfromthatof1984,whichmeansthatgrainoutputperpersonisdownnearly7percent.

Largeamountsofpreviouslystoredfoodhave.beenusedup.Insomeareas,peoplehaveconsumedlessfood.Althoughfiveyearsisnotlongenoughtoindicatealong-termtrend,thisdoesshowthattheworld'sfarmersarefindingitmoredifficulttokeepupwithgrowthinpopulation.

NowhereisthisclearerthaninAfrica,wherethecombinationofhighpopulationgrowthanddamagetocroplandsisdecreasinggrainproductionperperson.Adropof20percentinproductionfrom1967haschangedthecontinentintoagrainimporter,causedanincreaseintheregion'sforeigndebt,andleftmillionsofAfricanshungryandphysicallyweakened.Ina1991report,WorldBankeconomistsdescribedthecontinuationofrecenttrendsasa"nightmarescenario."

InbothAfricaandLatinAmerica,foodconsumptionperpersonislowertodaythanitwaswhenthedecadebegan.Infantdeathrates—agoodindicatorofmalnutrition—appeartohaveincreasedinmanycountriesinAfricaand.LatinAmerica,reversingtheprevioustrendofdecrease.NationsinwhichtherearedatatoindicatethisriseininfantdeathrateincludeBrazil,theDominicanRepublic,ElSalvador,Ghana,Madagascar,Mexico,Peru,Uruguay,andZambia.

1.ThisessayistakenfromtheStateoftheWorld,asourcebookpublishedbytheUnitedNations,whichupdatesinformationeachyearonsuchworldconditionsaspoverty,overpopulation,airandwaterqualityandagriculturalland.

答案:

N

2.Thelatterpartofthe20thcenturyhasseenacontinuousincreaseineconomicgrowth,butsuchachievements,accordingtoL.R.Brown,donotnecessarilymakeupacauseforcelebration.

答案:

N

3.Themainmeasureofeconomicgrowthisfaultyinthatoursystemofnationalaccountingincludesonlylossinvalueoffactoriesandequipmentbutdoesnotconsiderlossofnaturalresourcesasanegativefactor.

答案:

Y

4.Withanincreaseinworldfoodproduction,peopleinAfricaandLatinAmericatodayeatmorefoodthantheydidadecadeago.

答案:

N

5.Scientistsingeneralbelievethatcroplands,forests,andgrasslandswillsupplyenoughrawmaterials,food,andfueltoguaranteefurthereconomicgrowthintheyearstocome.

答案:

NG

6.Accordingtoourcurrentwayofaccounting,countriesthatover-cutforestsaredoingbettereconomicallythancountriesthatkeepthesamenumberoftrees.

答案:

NG

7.Sincetheearly1990senvironmentaltrendshavestartedtoaffectoureconomictrends,withtheeffectsoflosinglargeamountsoftopsoilbeingfelt.

答案:

Y

8.Meteorologistssuspectthatthehottersummersanddecreasedrainfallofthe1980smightbe______.

答案:

earlyindicationofthegreenhouseeffect

9.Thisessayismainlyconcernedwith______.

答案:

thecarelessconsumptionofnaturalresourcesanditsnegativeconsequences

10.Bythe"IllusionofProgress"theauthormeansthat______.

答案:

thecurrentwayofevaluatingacountry'seconomyproducesamisleadingsenseofeconomichealth

PartⅢListeningComprehension

SectionA

Directions:

Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereach-question,therewillbeapause.Duringthepauseyoumustreadthefour