英美文学术语解释.doc

英美文学术语解释.doc

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Postmodernismistheexpressionofthoughtandcultureinart,literature,philosophyandpoliticsinadvancedcapitalistperiod.“Post-”of“Postmodernism”istheinheritanceandreactionto“modernism”.PostmodernismwasoriginallyusedbyartistsandcriticsinNewYorkinthe1960sandthenemployedbyEuropeantheoristsinthe1970s.Oncethiswritingenteredonthestageofhistory,ithasbroughtusnotonlytechniquessuchasparody,fragmentation,pastiche,collage,allegory,irony,playfulness,metafiction,butalsointertextualityinhistory,philosophy,sociology,etc..

英美文学名词解释（2013-06-2916:

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01.Humanism（人文主义）

HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.

2>itemphasizesthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife.Humanistsvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmanwasthecenteroftheuniverseandmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthepresentlife,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandtoperformwonders.

02.Renaissance（文艺复兴）

Theword“Renaissance”means“rebirth”,itmeantthereintroductionintowestermEuropeofthefullculturalheritageofGreeceandRome.

2>theessenceoftheRenaissanceisHumanism.Attitudesandfeelingswhichhadbeencharacteristicofthe14thand15thcenturiespersistedwelldownintotheeraofHumanismandreformation.

3>therealmainstreamoftheenglishRenaissanceistheElizabethandramawithwilliamshakespearebeingtheleadingdramatist.

03.Metaphysicalpoetry（玄学派诗歌）

Metaphysicalpoetryiscommonlyusedtonametheworkofthe17thcenturywriterswhowroteundertheinfluenceofJohnDonne.

2>witharebelliousspirit,theMetaphysicalpoetstriedtobreakawayfromtheconventionalfashionoftheElizabethanlovepoetry.

3>thedictionissimpleascomparedwiththatoftheElizabethanortheNeoclassicalperiods,andechoesthewordsandcadencesofcommonspeech.4>theimageryisdrawnfromactuallife.

04.Classcism（古典主义）

Classcismreferstoamovementortendencyinart,literature,ormusicthatreflectstheprinciplesmanifestedintheartofancientGreeceandRome.Classicismemphasizesthetraditionalandtheuniversal,andplacesvalueonreason,clarity,balance,andorder.Classicism,withitsconcernforreasonanduniversalthemes,istraditionallyopposedtoRomanticism,whichisconcernedwithemotionsandpersonalthemes.

05.Enlightenment（启蒙运动）

EnlightenmentmovementwasaprogressivephilosophicalandartisticmovementwhichflourishedinfranceandsweptthroughwesternEuropeinthe18thcentury.

2>themovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissancefrom14thcenturytothemid-17thcentury.

3>itspurposewastoenlightenthewholeworldwiththelightofmodernphilosophicalandartisticideas.

4>itcelebratedreasonorrationality,equalityandscience.Itadvocateduniversaleducation.

5>famousamongthegreatenlightenersinenglandwerethosegreatwriterslikeAlexanderpope.Jonathanswift.etc.

06.Neoclassicism（新古典主义）

Inthefieldofliterature,theenlightenmentmovementbroughtaboutarevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks.

2>thistendencyisknownasneoclassicism.TheNeoclassicistsheldthatformsofliteratureweretobemodeledaftertheclassicalworksoftheancientGreekandRomanwriterssuchasHomerandVirgilandthoseofthecontemporaryFrenchones.

3>theybelievedthattheartisticidealsshouldbeorder,logic,restrainedemotionandaccuracy,andthatliteratureshouldbejudgedintermsofitsservicetohumanity.

07.TheGraveyardSchool（墓地派诗歌）

TheGraveyardSchoolreferstoaschoolofpoetsofthe18thcenturywhosepoemsaremostlydevotedtoasentimentallamentationormeditationonlife.Pastandpresent,withdeathandgraveyardasthemes.

2>ThomasGrayisconsideredtobetheleadingfigureofthisschoolandhisElegywritteninacountrychurchyardisitsmostrepresentativework.

08.Romanticism（浪漫主义）

1>Inthemid-18thcentury,anewliterarymovementcalledromanticismcametoEuropeandthentoEngland.

2>Itwascharacterizedbyastrongprotestagainstthebondageofneoclassicism,whichemphasizedreason,orderandelegantwit.Instead,romanticismgaveprimaryconcerntopassion,emotion,andnaturalbeauty.

3>Inthehistoryofliterature.Romanticismisgenerallyregardedasthethoughtthatdesignatesaliteraryandphilosophicaltheorywhichtendstoseetheindividualastheverycenterofalllifeandexperience.4>TheEnglishromanticperiodisanageofpoetrywhichprevailedinEnglandfrom1798to1837.ThemajorromanticpoetsincludeWordsworth,ByronandShelley.

09.ByronicHero（拜伦式英雄）

Byronicheroreferstoaproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin.

2>withimmensesuperiorityinhispassionsandpowers,thisByronicHerowouldcarryonhisshoulderstheburdenofrightingallthewrongsinacorruptsociety.Andwouldrisesingle-handedlyagainst